1. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Responses to a Live-Attenuated Francisella tularensis Vaccine
- Author
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Mark J. Mulligan, Nadine Rouphael, Steven E. Bosinger, James L. Edwards, William F. Hooper, Muktha S Natrajan, Katherine L. Sanders, Casey E. Gelber, Patrick Sanz, Daniel F. Hoft, Yating Wang, Shuzhao Li, Johannes B. Goll, Evan J. Anderson, Robert A Johnson, and Travis L. Jensen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,suppression of immune response ,DVC-LVS ,T cell ,Immunology ,Antigen presentation ,genetic processes ,TNF ,lcsh:Medicine ,LC–MS ,Article ,NF-κB ,Francisella tularenis vaccine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,TLR ,human immune response ,Drug Discovery ,MHC class I ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,natural sciences ,RNA-Seq ,NOD-like receptor ,Francisella tularensis ,tularemia vaccine ,B cell ,Pharmacology ,Innate immune system ,biology ,lcsh:R ,biology.organism_classification ,metabolomics ,innate immune signaling ,interferon α/β signaling ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,bacteria ,Antibody - Abstract
The immune response to live-attenuated Francisella tularensis vaccine and its host evasion mechanisms are incompletely understood. Using RNA-Seq and LC&ndash, MS on samples collected pre-vaccination and at days 1, 2, 7, and 14 post-vaccination, we identified differentially expressed genes in PBMCs, metabolites in serum, enriched pathways, and metabolites that correlated with T cell and B cell responses, or gene expression modules. While an early activation of interferon &alpha, /&beta, signaling was observed, several innate immune signaling pathways including TLR, TNF, NF-&kappa, B, and NOD-like receptor signaling and key inflammatory cytokines such as Il-1&alpha, Il-1&beta, and TNF typically activated following infection were suppressed. The NF-&kappa, B pathway was the most impacted and the likely route of attack. Plasma cells, immunoglobulin, and B cell signatures were evident by day 7. MHC I antigen presentation was more actively up-regulated first followed by MHC II which coincided with the emergence of humoral immune signatures. Metabolomics analysis showed that glycolysis and TCA cycle-related metabolites were perturbed including a decline in pyruvate. Correlation networks that provide hypotheses on the interplay between changes in innate immune, T cell, and B cell gene expression signatures and metabolites are provided. Results demonstrate the utility of transcriptomics and metabolomics for better understanding molecular mechanisms of vaccine response and potential host&ndash, pathogen interactions.
- Published
- 2020