465 results on '"sustainable material"'
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2. Influence of Waste Cooking Oil on the Properties of Bituminous Mix
- Author
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Aparna, C. B., Prasanth, Bhavya, Chaithanya, S., Simon, Keerthy M., Rejani, V. U., Ferrara, Liberato, editor, Muciaccia, Giovanni, editor, and di Summa, Davide, editor
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- 2025
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3. Physicomechanical Properties of Mortar with Diluted EPS as the Binding Material.
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Amariles-López, Cristhian C., Aristizábal-Torres, Daniel, Alzate-Buitrago, Alejandro, Osorio-Gómez, Cristian C., and Mancilla-Rico, Edwin
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ULTRASONIC testing , *GREENHOUSE gases , *BUILDING additions , *NONDESTRUCTIVE testing , *SUSTAINABLE construction , *MORTAR - Abstract
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a widely used material in multiple industries, especially in the construction and packaging of appliances and equipment, owing to its properties of lightweight, sound insulation, thermal insulation, and strength. However, in the final stage of the EPS life cycle, multiple environmental issues arise related to the management of this material's waste due to the large volume occupied and greenhouse gas emissions. This issue has generated growing interest among researchers worldwide, seeking sustainable alternatives to mitigate these negative impacts. In this study, an alternative for utilizing EPS waste was explored, using it in a diluted form with gasoline to manufacture mortar, where EPS acts as a binder. The properties of the material were evaluated, including compressive strength (CS), density (D), and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), using nonparametric statistical tests and multiple linear regression. Variables such as the weight ratio of EPS, the curing method and temperature, and the pressing load were considered in manufacturing 175 cylindrical samples. The results revealed notable strengths of up to 25 MPa, and correlations were established with nondestructive test data, such as UPV. This research opens new perspectives in the search for sustainable solutions for using EPS waste. Practical Applications: Optimizing the proportion of diluted EPS using gasoline as a solvent and implementing thermal curing resulted in the material's outstanding performance. The most imperative results were achieved with a 9% EPS content, followed by 24 h of air drying and an additional 24 h at 110°C. It is relevant to highlight that applying a pressing load of 35 kN led to an additional improvement in compressive strength. The research presents an environmentally friendly curing method characterized by its energy efficiency compared to conventional materials, such as clay blocks. In addition, up to 46% of the solvent evaporates during manufacturing, offering opportunities for solvent recovery techniques. The development of materials, such as dilute EPS mortars, is positioned as a promising and sustainable alternative in construction, with the potential to generate significant savings and environmental benefits. In the construction field, these innovations could find applications in manufacturing masonry blocks, both structural and nonstructural, paving stones, pavements, and filling in structural expansion joints for buildings, among other architectural and structural elements. These applications illustrate the broad spectrum of possibilities of these advanced mortars in the construction landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Induction Heating Optimization for Efficient Self-Healing in Asphalt Concrete.
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Penalva-Salinas, Marina, Llopis-Castelló, David, Alonso-Troyano, Carlos, and García, Alfredo
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ASPHALT concrete , *ASPHALT pavements , *INDUCTION heating , *ROAD maintenance , *SPECIFIC heat , *SELF-healing materials , *ASPHALT - Abstract
In this study, the practical application of self-healing asphalt mixtures incorporating steel wool fibers and induction heating was investigated, expanding upon previous research that primarily assessed the self-healing properties rather than optimizing the heating process. Specifically, the aim was to enhance the induction heating methodology for a semi-dense asphalt concrete mixture (AC 16 Surf 35/50 S). In this research, the induction heating parameters were refined to improve the self-healing capabilities, focusing on the following three key aspects: (i) energy consumption, (ii) heating rate, and (iii) heating homogeneity. The findings reveal that the current intensity, the percentage of ferromagnetic additives, and coil shape are critical for achieving optimal heating conditions. Higher current intensity and additive percentage correlate with improved heating speed and reduced energy consumption. Additionally, variations in coil shape significantly influence the heating uniformity. Although asphalt mixtures with steel slag coarse aggregates exhibit slightly higher specific heat, this aggregate type is preferable for sustainability, as it allows for the recycling of industrial waste. The optimized mixtures can rapidly reach high temperatures, facilitating effective crack repair. This innovation offers a durable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective solution for road maintenance, thereby enhancing the longevity and performance of asphalt pavements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Positive changes in the mechanical and optical properties of the floor epoxy reinforced with green graphene.
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Samanta, Moumita, Verma, Anu, Singh, Himanshu, Katiyar, Nirmal Kumar, Bandyopadhyay, Rupam, Das, Bidus Kanti, Tiwary, Chandra Sekhar, and Bhattacharya, Jayanta
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EPOXY coatings , *COMPOSITE coating , *AGRICULTURAL wastes , *OPTICAL reflection , *MECHANICAL wear - Abstract
Silica‐rich Green Graphene® (GG) derived from agricultural residue is incorporated into a floor epoxy (FEP) matrix. The inclusion of GG particles within the FEP matrix has demonstrated a significant positive impact, resulting in improved optical and mechanical properties and increased durability of the floor coatings. The addition of GG into the original FEP reduces surface pores, with the glazier appearance of the composite coating attributed to a smooth surface enhancing light reflection. It is noteworthy that the FEP exhibits a high coefficient of friction (CoF), thereby constraining its potential in tribo‐logical applications. Nano‐indentation and tribo‐logical tests confirm that, incorporation of the 0.5 wt% GG in the FEP matrix results in a 130.15% improvement in hardness, a 10.45% decrease of nano‐scratch depth, a 34.55% decrease in wear rate, and a 33.33% decrease in CoF w.r.t pristine FEP sample. Tensile testing reveals a significant 37% enhancement in fracture strain, along with improvements of 12.3% in specific flexural strength and 43% in energy absorption. The utilization of GG derived from green processes, such as pyrolysis of residual agro‐biomass, presents an environmentally conscious alternative to conventional polluting as well as nonrenewable materials employed in epoxy‐based floor coatings. Highlights: Green graphene/floor epoxy (GG/FEP) composites present a glazier appearance attributed to a smooth surface enhancing light reflection.GG particles enhance the hardness and tribo‐logical performance of the composite.GG/FEP composites show a synergistic enhancement in flexural strength.GG presents a sustainable and economically viable material for the epoxy‐based flooring industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. The structural, dielectric, and dynamic properties of NaOH-treated Bambusa tulda reinforced biocomposites—an experimental investigation.
- Author
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Saha, Abir, Kulkarni, Nikhil Dilip, Kumar, Mukesh, and Kumari, Poonam
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The use of synthetic fibers as reinforcement has been restricted as a result of enhanced ecological awareness and stringent laws and regulations by government agencies. Consequently, engineers and researchers are now developing sustainable composites using natural fibers. The goal of this experimental study is to develop sustainable biocomposites with improved structural, static, dynamic, mechanical, and dielectric characteristics using cashew nut shell biomass-based polymer and Bambusa tulda fiber. Fiber from Bambusa tulda has been extracted and subjected to various NaOH solution concentrations (2 to 10% with an interval of 2 (w/v)). The composite has been developed with 30% fiber loaded differently treated bamboo fiber and characterized by performing XRD, FTIR, tensile testing, DMA, and different dielectric tests. The result revealed that chemical treatment increased the crystallinity index of the biocomposites. The maximum crystallinity index has been observed as 51.73% with 6% NaOH-treated bamboo fiber reinforced biocomposites. The maximum tensile strength and storage modulus have been reported as 132.91 MPa and 8378 MPa, respectively for 6% NaOH-treated fiber reinforced biocomposites (BFC_30_T6). BFC_30_T6 exhibits higher properties because of the increased crystallinity index of fiber and better interfacial interaction between fiber and polymer matrix after the chemical treatment. Chemical treatment with more than 6% NaOH concentration reduces the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and ac conductivity of the composites. Conversely, treatment with 8 and 10% NaOH concentrations results in a quick increase in dielectric and conductivity values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Biodegradable sanitary napkins — a sustainable approach towards menstrual and environmental hygiene.
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Panjwani, Mohit, Rapolu, Yugendhar, Chaudhary, Mehak, Gulati, Mohak, Razdan, Karan, Dhawan, Ananya, and Sinha, V. R.
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The use of sanitary napkins during menstruation is inevitable. However, they pose a menace to the environment because of the associated non-biodegradability. Conventional sanitary napkins are composed of around 90% plastic, which goes to landfill and remains there for centuries leading to an increased carbon footprint. A study conducted on major brands of sanitary napkins in India revealed that the presence of various phthalate groups harms neurological, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems in women and volatile organic compounds show harmful neurological effects including paralysis and memory loss. To overcome this environmental mayhem and severe pathological effects, various approaches have been undertaken by researchers and government authorities. Plant-based alternatives aid the dire need to manufacture sanitary napkins which can decompose and leave no threat to biodiversity. The use of organic materials like cotton, jute, bamboo, banana fibers, and neem leaves in making sanitary napkins holds magnanimous potential. The utilization of sansevieria and water hyacinth to produce sanitary napkins served the dual purpose of recreating life in water bodies and providing financial independency to the local women in Africa. Leftovers of many natural products during their processing end up creating an increased amount of waste material. Incorporating the industrial waste in the absorbent layer to generate eco-friendly napkins retains the sustainable tripod and also reduces the cost which will make napkins affordable by women of every class in society. This review sheds light on the grave issue of disposal and non-biodegradability of currently used marketed sanitary napkins, various biodegradable approaches and their importance over conventional sanitary napkins, that can be adopted to overcome this environmental problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. A Perspective on Photocatalytic Synthesis of NH3, Urea, and Amino Acids by Nanomaterials: Progress and Prospects.
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Bhattacharyya, Biswajit, Sarhan, Radwan M., Lu, Yan, and Taubert, Andreas
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RENEWABLE energy sources , *CLEAN energy , *ENERGY industries , *CARBON emissions , *AMINO acids , *METAL sulfides - Abstract
A sustainable world is only possible when we are ready to deliver a net zero carbon emission energy sector. In this regard, we must not only consider more renewable energy resources but also find alternate paths for making some popular molecules like NH3 and urea for a lesser carbon footprint. This perspective article summarizes the recent progress of the photocatalytic synthesis of NH3, urea, and some amino acids using novel nanomaterials where we have focused on various approaches to catalyst design like metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal‐free catalysts, and biomimicking catalysts for ambient condition N2 activation. Later we discussed general reaction pathways, a detailed mechanistic overview, and future material layout for a sustainable approach towards N2 activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. Bamboo play: Eco-friendly game design
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Shivang Chauhan and Dr. Anupam Rana
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socially responsible game design ,sustainable material ,bamboo product design ,eco-friendly play ,environmental concern ,local craftsmanship promotion ,bamboo packaging. ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 - Abstract
This study aims to explore in depth the process of creating games that serve as a tribute to the quality of regional craftsmanship while simultaneously promoting play that is environmentally conscientious. It carefully evaluates the suitability of using bamboo and other environmentally friendly materials to create games that are exceptional in terms of their longevity, safety, and visual appeal. Stressing the amazing qualities of bamboo, like its quick growth and flexibility, the study reveals a game that has been meticulously constructed through the design process. This research intends to promote a culture of sustainable development and improve the bamboo craft community by including craftspeople at every level, from design conception to production. It imagines a time when games are used to promote positive social and environmental change in addition to providing entertainment. This research paves the way for a more promising, socially conscious, and economically active future by supporting local artistic talent and advancing economic development.
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- 2024
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10. Study of mechanical properties of multilayer composite plastic blocks with various materials
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Lily Tambunan, Chibhatul Mufrida, and Dewi Larasati
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multilayer plastic ,composite blocks ,material performance ,sustainable material ,alternative wall material ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
Plastic waste is considered a global environmental disaster due to its extensive negative impacts on ecosystems, human health, and the overall well-being of the planet. Approximately 91% of plastic waste, including multi-layer plastic (MLP), is yet to be recycled and ends up in the landfill, incinerated or in the environment. MLP can be used as a construction material since it exhibits the necessary characteristics. This study evaluated the mechanical properties of multilayer plastic (MLP) composite blocks as a wall material. Two types of composite plastic blocks were tested: one made entirely of MLP and the other composed of MLP (80%) and mixed material (20%). The mixed material included sawdust powder, stone dust, and cement mixed with sand. Tests were conducted to measure the compressive strength, water absorption, and fire resistance of the blocks. The MLP composite block mixed with cement and sand in a ratio of 1:5 exhibited the highest compressive strength at 9.43 MPa, while the 100% MLP block had the lowest compressive strength at 2.73 MPa. The MLP composite block mixed with sawdust showed the highest water absorption at 11.35%, while the 100% MLP block had the lowest water absorption at 0.96%. The 100% MLP composite block ignited and melted within 2 minutes during the fire test, while the MLP composite block mixed with cement and sand did not ignite during 10 minutes of burning. It was concluded that the composite blocks containing 100% MLP do not meet the requirements for wall construction. This study also found that 80% MLP mixed with 20% cement and sand in a ratio of 1:5 exhibits the best mechanical properties among all blocks. MLP content with a considerable portion of each plastic composite block product will help reduce plastic waste in the environment.
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- 2024
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11. Carbonaceous adsorbent as green silica by-product applied to the treatment of contaminated effluent by pesticide commonly sprayed on rice cultivation.
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dos Santos, Juliana Machado Nascimento, Nora, Fabíola Balzan Dalla, da Boit Martinello, Kátia, Vieira, Melissa Gurgel Adeodato, Nawaz, Asad, Silva, Luis Felipe Oliveira, Manoharadas, Salim, and Dotto, Guilherme Luiz
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GRAIN farming ,RICE farming ,CARBON-based materials ,SOLID waste ,WATER purification - Abstract
Grain cultivation and its impacts on the environment have been the focus of many studies, especially due to generated solid waste and the wide use of agrochemicals aiming for greater productivity. In this context, the present study proposes a new and consistent step in constructing self-sustainability in rice farming. The proposed stage includes reusing green silica waste as an adsorbent to treat effluents contaminated by pesticides directly applied to rice cultivation. After nano silica production through the rice husks burning, followed by basic leaching and acid precipitation, a carbonaceous material remains. This material, naturally impregnated by Na
2 SiO3 , was washed and dried, characterized, and used to remove the pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The adsorption essays were performed at 2,4-D at low concentrations (between 1 and 10 mg L−1 ) at different temperatures. The washed and dried porous carbon (WDPC) surface is irregular and presents slit-shaped channels. The FT-IR analysis identified the siloxane, carbonyl, carboxylate, and methylene functional groups available to interact with the pesticide molecules. The washing/drying process eliminated impurities, improving the surface area from 539.67 to 619.67 cm2 g−1 and pore volume from 0.29 to 0.44 cm3 g−1 . Concerning the adsorption of 2,4-D on WDPC, the best pH was 6.0, where around 75% of the pesticide was removed from the water. The equilibrium isotherms presented an S-shaped form indicating a multilayer and cooperative adsorption, with maximum adsorption capacities of 7.504 and 7.736 mg g−1 . The estimated ∆Gads , ΔHads , and ΔSads values suggested that pesticide adsorption was spontaneous, exothermic, and favorable. Finally, WDPC demonstrated a good potential to uptake 2,4-D from water, contributing to self-sustainability in rice farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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12. Comprehensive study of microbial bioplastic: present status and future perspectives for sustainable development.
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Kapoor, Deshraj Deepak, Yadav, Shilpi, and Gupta, Ravi Kr.
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BIODEGRADABLE plastics ,BIODEGRADABLE materials ,CIRCULAR economy ,PLASTICS ,RAW materials - Abstract
Increasing human population demands more usage of consumable items thus causes more destruction to the environment by developing advanced materials and technologies. Synthetic plastic is one of the most used material in daily life which results in accumulation of non-degradable waste material that stays in the environment for thousands of years and creates plastic pollution. Many species on the earth suffer from pollution caused by plastic and it is one of the leading causes of global warming. For sustainable development, we need to protect our environment from plastic pollution by making use of biodegradable materials. In the past few years, biodegradable materials with plastic like properties have gained much attention. They have been made from biomass such as sugarcane, corn, wheat, rice, banana peels, etc. Such desirable properties are also present in PHAs (polyhydroxyalkanoates) synthesized by microorganisms. Several types of PHAs have been discovered from bacteria and used as a bioplastic candidate. However, there are major challenges also such as high production cost and expensive raw material which limits its commercial applications. Modern tools and strategies have allowed precise metabolic engineering of various microorganisms to produce PHAs using highly efficient microbial cell factories. This review article focuses on the research done on the microbial bioplastic production and its various applications. We have also discussed the future perspectives of bioplastic for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Optimized random forest model for predicting flexural properties of sustainable composites.
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Mahajan, Aditi, Gairola, Sandeep, Singh, Inderdeep, and Arora, Navneet
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FIBROUS composites , *RANDOM forest algorithms , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *NATURAL fibers , *MANUFACTURING processes , *COIR - Abstract
In an era of technological advancements, the quest for sustainable products has taken a center stage. The utilization of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites has become crucial in the manufacturing of eco‐friendly products due to their low cost, renewability, biodegradability, and comparable properties to synthetic composites. Coir‐based composites have been utilized in roofing, composite panels, furniture, and bio‐based insulation applications, providing enhanced strength and sustainability. In the current investigation, an exploratory data analysis (EDA) was conducted to understand the relationship between the various input variables and the flexural properties of short coir polymer composites (SCPCs). The data analysis revealed that manufacturing process had a significant impact on the flexural properties of SCPCs. Based on the insights gained from the EDA, an optimized Random Forest prediction model was developed to predict the flexural properties. Genetic algorithm approach for hyperparameter optimization led to lower objective loss in contrast to Bayesian optimized Random Forest model. The model's performance was subsequently evaluated through holdout validation, and the outcome demonstrated the model's proficiency in accurately predicting the properties. The developed model can be used as a tool for optimizing the design of SCPCs for specific applications, by predicting the flexural properties of the composites. Highlights: Flexural behavior of short coir polymer composites was analyzed and modeled.Manufacturing process has the highest impact on the flexural properties.Random forest model predicted the flexural properties with high accuracy.Genetic algorithm optimized model further enhanced the model performance.The developed framework provides insights into designing biocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Fire Performance of Thin Sustainable Wood-Based Laminated Veneers.
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Chanda, Avishek, Das, Oisik, and Bhattacharyya, Debes
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Wood and wood-based products are abundantly used, especially in structural applications, due to the impetus for sustainable development. The present work helps highlight the fire performance of plywood, one of the most used wood-based laminated structural components, under three different heat fluxes of 35 kW/m
2 , 50 kW/m2 , and 65 kW/m2 . The effects on the various fire reaction properties, namely, time to ignition, heat release rate, peak heat release rate, time to peak heat release rate, time to flameout, total burn time, and mass loss, were observed and reported. The times to ignition (42.2% and 35.4%), peak heat release rate (27.7% and 18.9%), flameout (22.2% and 28.6%), burn time (10.6% and 16.1%), and residual mass (25% and 53.3%) were reduced with the increase in heat flux from 35 kW/m2 to 65 kW/m2 , respectively, whereas the peak heat release (21.7% and 2.4%) and ignition temperature (6.5% and 6.6%) were observed to increase. The vertical burning test (UL-94) illustrated the plywood samples to have a V-1 rating, with self-extinguishing capabilities. A numerical predictive model has also been developed based on the Fire Dynamics Simulator to predict the time to ignition, time to flameout, and heat release rate trend along with the peak heat release rate—it is shown to have good agreement with the experimental results, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.87. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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15. Predicting the Influence of Pulverized Oil Palm Clinker as a Sustainable Modifier on Bituminous Concrete Fatigue Life: Advancing Sustainable Development Goals through Statistical and Predictive Analysis.
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Aliyu Yaro, Nura Shehu, Sutanto, Muslich Hartadi, Habib, Noor Zainab, Usman, Aliyu, Tanjung, Liza Evianti, Bello, Muhammad Sani, Noor, Azmatullah, Birniwa, Abdullahi Haruna, and Jagaba, Ahmad Hussaini
- Abstract
Currently, the viscoelastic properties of conventional asphalt cement need to be improved to meet the increasing demands caused by larger traffic loads, increased stress, and changing environmental conditions. Thus, using modifiers is suggested. Furthermore, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promote using waste materials and new technologies in asphalt pavement technology. The present study aims to fill this gap by investigating the use of pulverized oil palm industry clinker (POPIC) as an asphalt–cement modifier to improve the fatigue life of bituminous concrete using an innovative prediction approach. Thus, this study proposes an approach that integrates statistically based machine learning approaches and investigates the effects of applied stress and temperature on the fatigue life of POPIC-modified bituminous concrete. POPIC-modified bituminous concrete (POPIC-MBC) is produced from a standard Marshall mix. The interactions between POPIC concentration, stress, and temperature were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), resulting in 7.5% POPIC, 11.7 °C, and 0.2 MPa as the optimum parameters for fatigue life. To improve the prediction accuracy and robustness of the results, RSM and ANN models were used and analyzed using MATLAB and JMP Pro, respectively. The performance of the developed model was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean relative error (MRE). The study found that using RSM, MATLAB, and JMP Pro resulted in a comprehensive analysis. MATLAB achieved an R² value of 0.9844, RMSE of 3.094, and MRE of 312.427, and JMP Pro achieved an R² value of 0.998, RMSE of 1.245, and MRE of 126.243, demonstrating higher prediction accuracy and superior performance than RSM, which had an R² value of 0.979, RMSE of 3.757, and MRE of 357.846. Further validation with parity, Taylor, and violin plots demonstrates that both models have good prediction accuracy, with the JMP Pro ANN model outperforming in terms of accuracy and alignment. This demonstrates the machine learning approach's efficiency in analyzing the fatigue life of POPIC-MBC, revealing it to be a useful tool for future research and practical applications. Furthermore, the study reveals that the innovative approach adopted and POPIC modifier, obtained from biomass waste, meets zero-waste and circular bioeconomy goals, contributing to the UN's SDGs 9, 11, 12, and 13. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. A Sustainable Cork Toy That Promotes the Development of Blind and Visually Impaired Young Children.
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Ferreira, Ana Rita, Noronha, Eduardo, Sousa, Ricardo, and Serra, Gabriel
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The children's toy market is increasingly dominated by products that rely heavily on visual appeal. This article presents the development of 'bumpi', a cork toy specially developed for young children who experience visual impairments or blindness. Research was conducted about these children's needs and the existing assistive products for them in the market. This research revealed that they often face developmental challenges, including delays in achieving key milestones such as crawling and walking, which happens because blind and visually impaired children are less confident to moving and exploring. A significant gap in the market for toys and assistive devices for blind young children was identified. Bumpi aims to fill such a gap. It is designed to stimulate and foster the earlier development of motor skills in children between one and five years old, leading to greater independence. This toy enhances sensory experiences through touch and sound to stimulate children's urge to move. The toy set includes a puzzle-like mat, a toy cart that follows a predefined path, building blocks for constructing a ramp, and sensory balls that emit sounds when they move. Agglomerated cork, chosen for its unique properties such as lightness, durability and its hypoallergenic nature, is the primary material used. Furthermore, it is not only safe and comfortable for children to handle but also offers great stimulation to their senses. In addition, this is a sustainable material that offers several benefits for the toy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. A comparative study of coal fly and bottom ashes as sustainable electroactive vibration damping materials.
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Begen, Deniz, Calis-Ismetoglu, Gokce, Gumus, Omer Yunus, and Unal, Halil Ibrahim
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COAL ash ,FLY ash ,ELECTROACTIVE substances ,INSULATING oils ,YIELD stress - Abstract
Coal is used in most of the power and chemical plants to meet energy needs which produce various waste ashes. Reuse of these ashes as electroactive materials has great importance for sustainable development. In this study, it was detected that the main components of coal fly (CFA) and bottom ashes (CBA) were oxides of silica (SiO
2 ), iron (Fe2 O3 ), aluminium (Al2 O3 ), and magnesium (MgO), besides carbon. These are well-known electrorheological (ER) active materials. The aim of this study is to reveal dielectric and electroactive vibration damping capabilities of CFA and CBA. According to the dielectric and ER flow tests carried out in insulating silicone oil (SO), the optimum concentration of particles was determined to be 35 wt.% for both ashes. Higher ER yield stress (τy = 135 Pa), higher ER efficiency (32.8), and better viscoelastic properties (τc = 128 Pa, G' = 680 kPa) under 3.0 kV mm-1 applied electric field were obtained for 35CFA/SO suspension system compared to 35CBA/SO (τy = 125 Pa, EReff = 24.0, τc = 55 Pa, G' = 260 kPa). Although it was concluded that both ashes can be upcycled to sustainable and smart vibration damping alternative materials, better performance was observed for CFA particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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18. Comparative property investigation of raw and treated coconut shell biomass for potential polymer composite application
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Dennis O. Bichang'a, Isiaka O. Oladele, Oladunni O. Alabi, Fatai O. Aramide, Olasunkanmi Oluseye, Sunday G. Borisade, David N. Githinji, and Mike O. Ojemaye
- Subjects
Coconut shell ,alkali and bleaching treatments ,Crystallinity index ,Thermal stability ,Sustainable material ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The use of environmentally friendly materials for industrial applications has increased tremendously in the past decades due to environmental concerns associated with using synthetic materials. The present comparative investigation studied the properties of raw and chemically-treated coconut shell biomass for possible polymeric composite applications. The coconut shell biomass was treated with alkali (NaOH), bleaching and combined NaOH-bleaching solutions and investigated the surface morphology, chemical transformations, and thermal stability. Untreated and chemically modified coconut shell biomass was characterized through the determination of chemical constituents, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA), and morphological analyses.Chemically treated coconut shell biomass reported a significant increase in cellulose constituents, reaching 74.72% for combined NaOH-bleach treated samples with accompanying reductions in lignin and hemicellulose, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Further, the study reported an increase in crystallinity index with chemical treatment. For instance, combined NaOH-bleach treatment reported a maximum crystallinity index of 80.29% compared to 44.82% for untreated biomass. Alkali treatment improved thermal stability as indicated by an increase in the onset temperature of degradation to 255°C from 250°C for raw samples. Post-treatment, improved surface purity and roughness were observed, indicating enhanced fibre/matrix interlocking during composite fabrication. Moreover, combined NaOH-bleaching treatment exhibited enhanced surface hydrophobicity, as indicated by a maximum C/O ratio of 0.93 compared to 0.64 for untreated samples. In conclusion, combined NaOH-bleaching treatment significantly improved the chemical, structural and morphological properties of coconut shell biomass, suggesting its potential for developing low-cost, lightweight, renewable, and sustainable composite materials.
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- 2024
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19. Performance evaluation of mortar with ground and thermo-activated recycled concrete cement
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Ephrem Melaku Getachew, Begashaw Worku Yifru, Betelhem Tilahun Habtegebreal, and Mitiku Damtie Yehualaw
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recycled cement ,mechanical properties ,microstructure ,durability ,sustainable material ,Dr Montemurro Marco, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The main objective of this study was to examine the combined effect of ground recycled concrete cement (GRC) and thermo-activated recycled concrete cement (TARC) on properties of mortar. The physical, chemical and microstructural tests were conducted to characterize GRC and TARC before mortar mixtures were produced. The microscopic morphology of GRC and TARC revealed uneven edges and a rough surface that is slightly porous. The GRC and TARC powders were used to replace cement in the range of 0-50% at increments of 10% by volume. The fresh, mechanical, microstructure, and durability characteristics of mortar were tested for different proportion of GRC and TARC as partial replacement of cement. The usage of GRC and TARC decreases the workability of mortar marginally. However, the mechanical performance of the mortar mixtures showed an increasing trend when GRC and TARC share increases in the mixture. Predominantly, compressive strength, bulk density, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) have all been increased by as much as 20% cement replacement. Furthermore, the incorporation of GRC and TARC enhances the mortar’s durability properties. The microstructure analysis reveals that 20% replacement (GT20) mix has superior structural compactness. In general, partially substitution of GRC and TARC by ordinary Portland cement improves several characteristics of mortar. This will help solve the most prevalent problems that concrete produces, including the high embedded carbon dioxide creation, the high resource usage, and the high waste generation after demolition.
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- 2024
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20. Rice Bran Particulates Reinforced Ipomoea Carnea Fiber Epoxy Composite for Engineering Application
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Thandavamoorthy Raja, Vinayagam Mohanavel, Sathish Kannan, Vipul Vekariya, Dipen Paul, Palanivel Velmurugan, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, and Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar
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Sustainable material ,natural fibers ,mechanical properties ,thermal stability ,surface morphology ,可持续材料,天然纤维,机械性能,热稳定性,表面形态 ,Science ,Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc. ,TP890-933 - Abstract
In the pursuit of sustainable and environmentally friendly engineering materials, this study investigates the potential of Ipomoea carnea fibers (ICF) as a reinforcement agent in bran particulates epoxy matrix used to fabricate the composite laminates by a traditional process with varying filler weight fraction. The composite material’s characteristics were comprehensively analyzed using various techniques, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Mechanical Testing, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results of this study reveal the promising potential of Ipomoea carnea fibers reinforced bran particulates epoxy composite as a novel engineering material. The analysis indicates improved mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strength, enhanced thermal stability, and desirable morphological characteristics. Subsequently, the structural and chemical properties of the Ipomoea carnea fiber composite were explored using XRD and FTIR, shedding light on the crystalline nature (CI = 68.29%) and chemical bonding within the material. Bacterial inhibition was identified from the antibacterial activity; this viable material is for applications in various engineering sectors, including construction, automotive, and aerospace industries.
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- 2024
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21. Physicochemical, mechanical and thermal analysis of unfired clay bricks: Kaolinite-PEG 6000 composite
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Rachid Et-tanteny, Bouchta El Amrani, Imad Manssouri, and Houssame Limami
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Clay/polymer ,Sustainable material ,Construction material ,Simulation TRANSYS ,Thermal and mechanical properties ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 ,Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 - Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the potential of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), a recycled material, as an additive to improve unfired clay bricks. By proposing a sustainable alternative to traditional methods potentially linked to medical waste. This research explores the physicochemical, mechanical and thermal properties of unfired clay bricks modified by different contents of PEG 6000 (0%, 1%, 3%, 7%, 15% and 20% by weight) according to the standard NM 13.1 0.0442005. The testing methods comply with recognized building sector standards (Belgian NBN EN 771-3+A1 and American ASTM C675-17). The clay used was extracted from Berrechid city and it is identified as kaolinite and some trace of illite, which has non-swelling properties. The incorporation of PEG 6000 into the unfired clay bricks has notably reduced the porosity rate from 3.91 % to 1.21 %, an improvement of 69 % compared to the reference sample, leading to a decrease in the rate of capillary water absorption. The bulk density of the bricks has slightly decreased to 1670.07 kg/m3, which still allowed them to be classified as light bricks. The incorporation of 7% of PEG 6000 increased compressive strength and flexural strength up to 15.98 MPa and 0.959 KN respectively, an improvement of 63.23 % compared to the reference sample, making them suitable for the construction of interior and exterior walls according to the standard NBN EN 771-3+A1. However, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity have been improved by 42.22 % compared to the reference sample, reaching 0.26 W/m.K and 0.89 kJ/kg.K respectively. Optimization showed that 7% of PEG 6000 is the optimal percentage for manufacturing high-performance bricks, taking into account all properties studied previously. Moreover, the simulations carried out by the TRANSYS software suggest significant energy gains in terms of insulation, achieving up to 58.33% energy savings. In essence, this research demonstrates the potential of PEG 6000 as a sustainable additive for unfired clay bricks, offering improved properties and promising energy efficiency benefits.
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- 2024
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22. From Brown Earth to Green Bricks—A Critical Analysis of Stabilized Mud Blocks for Sustainable Construction
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Kandasamy, A., Priya Rachel, P., Ramesh, B., Khazaleh, Mahmoud A. L., Krishna Kumar, P., di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Lu, Xinzheng, Series Editor, Jayalekshmi, B. R., editor, Rao, K. S. Nanjunda, editor, and Pavan, G. S., editor
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- 2024
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23. Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Copper-Based Green Composites: A Review
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Gupta, Tarun Kumar, deep, Akash, Saxena, Ambuj, Gupta, Manoj Kumar, Chaudhary, Vijay, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Tolio, Tullio A. M., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Schmitt, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Yadav, Sanjay, editor, Shrivastava, Yogesh, editor, and Rab, Shanay, editor
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- 2024
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24. Improvement of Soil Using Construction and Demolition Waste for Pavement Application
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Prajapati, Apurvkumar, Shah, A. U., Jain, P. H., Rangwala, Hasan, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Jose, Babu T., editor, Sahoo, Dipak Kumar, editor, Oommen, Thomas, editor, Muthukkumaran, Kasinathan, editor, Chandrakaran, S., editor, and Santhosh Kumar, T. G., editor
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- 2024
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25. Performance of Sustainable Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Fine Plastic Waste Aggregate and Their Life-Cycle Costing
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Samchenkoa, Svetlana V., Larsena, Oksana A., Naji, Alaa Jaleel, Alobaidi, Dheyaa A. N., Elsheikh, Asser, Markovich, Alexey S., di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Rotimi, James Olabode Bamidele, editor, Shahzad, Wajiha Mohsin, editor, Sutrisna, Monty, editor, and Kahandawa, Ravindu, editor
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- 2024
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26. Use of Organic Residues for the Mechanical Enhancement of Sustainable Rammed Earth
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Calle, Vania, Rojas, Rosario, Guillen, Kevin, Pantò, Bartolomeo, Nakamatsu, Javier, Silva, Guido, Chácara, César, Beckett, Christopher, editor, Bras, Ana, editor, Fabbri, Antonin, editor, Keita, Emmanuel, editor, Perlot, Céline, editor, and Perrot, Arnaud, editor
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- 2024
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27. Agar-Based Films
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Pandohee, Jessica, Wang, Bo, Amin, Tawheed, editor, Naik, H. R., editor, Hussain, Syed Zameer, editor, and Wani, Sajad Mohd, editor
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- 2024
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28. Furfural-Extracted Corncob Ash: A New Geomaterial for Sustainable Construction
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Nagaraju T, Vamsi, Rao, M. Venkata, Sunil, B. M., Chaudhary, Babloo, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Hazarika, Hemanta, editor, Haigh, Stuart Kenneth, editor, Chaudhary, Babloo, editor, Murai, Masanori, editor, and Manandhar, Suman, editor
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- 2024
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29. Epoxy Resin-Treated Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams for Rural Construction Buildings
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Alisha, Shaik Subhan, Vijay, Kunamineni, Fayaz, P., Bokka, Durga Vara Prasad, Sree Kumar, K., di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Sreekeshava, K. S., editor, Kolathayar, Sreevalsa, editor, and Vinod Chandra Menon, N., editor
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- 2024
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30. Sustainable Geopolymer Bricks Manufacturing Using Rice Husk Ash: An Alternative to Fired Clay Bricks
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Nagaraju, T. Vamsi, Bahrami, Alireza, and Bahrami, Alireza, editor
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- 2024
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31. Auxetic Grammars: An Application of Shape Grammar Using Shape Machine to Generate Auxetic Metamaterial Geometries for Fabricating Sustainable Kinetic Panels
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Nasiri, Simin, Yuan, Philip F., Series Editor, Yan, Chao, editor, Chai, Hua, editor, and Sun, Tongyue, editor
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- 2024
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32. Bamboo as the Sole and Soul of Hangers
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Solanki, Pravinsinh, Karmakar, Sougata, editor, Chandra Kalita, Pratul, editor, Salve, Urmi R., editor, and Banerjee, Sharmistha, editor
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- 2024
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33. Modern Japanese Pampas Grass Harvest Methods for Thatched Roof Houses Based on Case Studies of Self-procurement of Grasses in Shikoku
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Tsumura, Shohei, Kamatoko, Miyako, Kakehashi, Naoki, Endo, Yohei, editor, and Hanazato, Toshikazu, editor
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- 2024
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34. Exploring chemically processed Symplocos racemosa sustainable material feasibility for sorptive amputation of methylene blue dye from waste water by green technology
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Rashid, Muhammad, Rehman, Rabia, Akram, Mehwish, Ghfar, Ayman A., and Mitu, Liviu
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- 2024
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35. Utilization of typha-boards for preserving the historic wooden houses typical of the region in the Thai city of Chiang Mai (Thailand)
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M. Krus, K. Klingler, St. Bichlmair, and Ralf Kilian
- Subjects
wooden thai-houses ,typha-board ,hygrothermal simulation ,energetical refurbishment ,sustainable material ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
The quality of life in the historic wooden houses typical of the city of Chiang Mai in northern Thailand is significantly reduced by climate changes and the intense air pollution during the Haze Season (time of slash-and-burn). The traditional indirect cooling system through strong natural infiltration ventilation in traditional houses is severely limited in its function due to changes in the local urban microclimate. The low comfort level leads to increased use of electric air conditioning, resulting in substantial energy consumption and the formation of urban heat islands and more and more often to the loss of historic Thai wooden houses by demolition.
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- 2024
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36. Utilization of coconut shell biomass residue to develop sustainable biocomposites and characterize the physical, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties.
- Author
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Kumar, Santosh and Saha, Abir
- Abstract
The reliance on natural resources has gained extra attention from researchers and scientists due to population awareness, greenhouse depletion, and oil reserve depletion. The development of sustainable and renewable materials from biomass residues is promising biomaterials to substitute synthetic and plastic littering. The abundant availability of coconut shell and husk residues is having great potential for fiber/filler sources to develop biocomposites for structural and industrial applications. In this present study, five different types of biocomposite samples (CRS-0.0, CRS-2.5, CRS-5.0, CRS-7.5, and CRS-10.0) have been fabricated at a 30% constant weight fraction of coconut fiber with bio-epoxy matrix and varying the coconut particles weight faction by 2.5% and characterized their structural, physical, mechanical, and thermal behavior. The results examined that the inclusion of coconut particles improved the overall mechanical performance of the biocomposites and observed CRC-5.0 biocomposites have superior tensile strength (32.58%), and flexural strength (35.45%), and surface hardness (23.61%) compared to CRC-0.0 biocomposites. The impact strength, fracture toughness, and fracture energy are higher for CRC-2.5 biocomposites. CRC-5.0 biocomposites analyzed better thermal stability with a maximum degradation temperature of 358 °C and 24% char residue of coconut biomass at 800 °C. The surface morphology has been also analyzed to examine the fracture/failure behavior of biocomposites. Finally, the samples have been submerged in water, NaOH, and NaCl solution to examine the water uptake and corrosion behavior of developed biocomposites. Therefore, the development of bio-based product by utilizing agro/food waste has great potential and has the capabilities to replace conventional materials for various industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. 2-{(E)-{{(R)-1-[(1 R ,5 S ,6 R)-3,3-Dimethyl-2,4,7-trioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-6-yl]ethyl}imino}methyl}-6-{[(diphenylphosphino)oxy] phenyl}palladium(II) chloride.
- Author
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Guillarme, Stéphane and Saluzzo, Christine
- Subjects
- *
PALLADIUM , *PALLADIUM compounds , *CHLORIDES - Abstract
An unsymmetrical PCN palladium pincer complex 2-{(E)-{{(R)-1-[(1R,5S,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-2,4,7-trioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-6-yl]ethyl}imino}methyl}-6-{[(diphenylphosphino)oxy] phenyl}palladium(II) chloride based on an iminophosphinite ligand bearing two fused five-membered cycles, one of which containing a THF ring, was prepared in an eight-reaction sequence from a sustainable and enantiopure starting material, isosorbide, in a 20% overall yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. Enhancing alkaline resistance of concrete using alccofine and metakaolin in mineral admixtures of sustainable development.
- Author
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Naveen Kumar, K., Divahar, R., Sangeetha, S. P., Singh, Reema, and Akash, M.
- Abstract
AbstractAddressing the need for sustainable construction materials that minimize environmental impact and reduce CO2 emissions, particularly in OPC compositions. Assessing alccofine and metakaolin in OPC compositions to determine their impact on concrete strength, durability, and microstructure in alkaline environments for sustainable material development. Experimental investigation involved incorporating alccofine and metakaolin into OPC concrete mixes, creating binary and ternary blended systems. Modified concrete specimens were subjected to various alkaline attacks using diluted solutions of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), and sodium chloride (NaCl) both individually (5%) and in combination (2.5%), resulting in significant improvements in concrete strength and durability. The modified concrete exhibits enhanced resistance to alkaline attacks, reduced weight and compression strength loss, and superior performance in Base Durability Factor (BDF) and Base Attack Factor (BAF) compared to conventional specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of the altered concrete’s microstructure shows that it has a densely packed microstructure, which increases its load-bearing capability. Mineral admixtures aid pore clogging, leading to denser, more alkali-resistant concrete due to finer particles. Notably, Alccofine and metakaolin offer effective solutions for sustainable construction materials, aiding in the decrease of CO2 releases during cement production and addressing critical gaps in sustainable material development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. Feasibility study on thermo‐mechanical performance of 3D printed and annealed coir fiber powder/polylactic acid eco‐friendly biocomposites.
- Author
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Bright, Brailson Mansingh, Binoj, Joseph Selvi, Hassan, Shukur Abu, Wong, Wai Leong Eugene, Suryanto, Heru, Liu, Shengjie, and Goh, Kheng Lim
- Subjects
- *
POLYLACTIC acid , *COIR , *GLASS transition temperature , *FIBROUS composites , *FLEXURAL strength , *TENSILE strength - Abstract
The enhancement of the mechanical and thermal characteristics of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) composites reinforced by coir fiber powder (CFP) has been investigated by varying the weight percentage (wt%) of the reinforcement and annealing process. CFP/PLA composite filaments with CFP compositions of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt% were fabricated. These filaments were used to print CFP/PLA test specimens. The specimens were annealed at 90°C for 120 min in a hot air oven followed by cooling at room temperature. Mechanical, morphological, crystalline, and thermal characterizations were conducted on these specimens. The tensile and flexural strength of neat PLA were observed as 49.7 and 82.4 MPa which decreased by 6.4% and 8.13% respectively for printed composite specimens with 0.5 wt% CFP as reinforcement material. On the other hand, the annealed CFP/PLA composite specimen, with 0.1 wt% CFP as a reinforcement material, demonstrated higher tensile and flexural strength. Specifically, it exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 56.4 MPa and a maximum flexural strength of 92.9 MPa, which are 13.5% and 12.7% higher, respectively, than neat PLA. These strengths are 15.5% and 16.7% higher, respectively, than those of the unannealed CFP/PLA composite specimen with the same wt% of CFP reinforcement. The annealing process increased the crystallinity of composites by enhancing the crystallinity index (63%) and crystalline size (6.7 nm). The high thermal stability of composites (with a glass transition temperature of 256°C) makes them suitable for applications in food and medical packaging. Highlights: Enhancement of thermo‐mechanical characteristics of 3D printed bio‐composites.Annealing process improved mechanical features of 3D printed bio‐composites.Annealed composite with 0.1 wt% as reinforcement demonstrated better properties.SEM and XRD studies confirmed failure mechanisms and crystalline structure.Thermal and mechanical assets favor its utilization in food wrapping applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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40. A Novel Eco-Friendly Thermal-Insulating High-Performance Geopolymer Concrete Containing Calcium Oxide-Activated Materials from Waste Tires and Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate.
- Author
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Tsai, Shen-Lun, Wang, Her-Yung, Lin, Keng-Ta, and Hung, Chang-Chi
- Subjects
MORTAR ,POLYETHYLENE terephthalate ,ULTRASONIC testing ,WASTE tires ,SUSTAINABLE construction ,SUSTAINABILITY ,TIRE recycling ,PLASTIC scrap - Abstract
This study presents an innovative approach for the utilization of industrial by-products and municipal waste in the production of sustainable and environmentally friendly cement mortar. We explored stabilized stainless-steel reduced slag (SSRS) and polyethylene (PE) plastic waste as partial replacements for aggregates. Various engineering properties of the resulting cement mortar specimens, including the slump, slump flow, compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, water absorption, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), were investigated through comprehensive experimental tests. The influence of different water–cement (w/c) or water–binder (w/b) ratios and substitution amounts on the engineering properties of the cement mortar samples was thoroughly examined. The findings revealed that an increase in PE substitution adversely affected the overall workability of the cement mortar mixtures, whereas an increase in the SSRS amount contributed to enhanced workability. As for the hardened properties, a consistent trend was observed in both cases, with higher w/c or w/b ratios and substitution amounts leading to reduced mechanical properties. Water absorption and UPV test results validated the increased formation of porosity with higher w/c or w/b ratios and substitution amounts. This study proposes a promising method to effectively repurpose industrial by-products and municipal waste, transforming them into sustainable construction and building materials. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the transportation costs and carbon footprint emissions between SSRS–cement mortar and PE–cement mortar was conducted to assess their environmental impact and sustainability. Generally, higher w/c or w/b ratios and replacement levels corresponded with a reduced carbon footprint. The geographical location of the source of SSRS and PE remains a challenge and studies to overcome this challenge must be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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41. Delamination analysis of drilling parameters on neem/banyan fiber–reinforced sawdust particulates hybrid polymer composite.
- Author
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Raja, Thandavamoorthy, Devarajan, Yuvarajan, Dhanraj, G., Pandiaraj, Saravanan, Rahaman, Mostafizur, and Thiruvengadam, Muthu
- Abstract
The application and variety of composite materials have expanded across various domains, from everyday furniture to industrial structures. This study emphasizes delamination analysis in natural fiber–reinforced hybrid polymer composites crafted from neem, banyan fibers, and an epoxy matrix containing sawdust fillers during drilling. Drilling is vital for the assembly of composite components. The L27 factorial design orthogonal array was employed to examine three distinct spindle speeds, feed rates, and HSS drill bits used in the drilling operation. Using the response surface methodology (RSM), to determine optimal responses for thrust force, torque, and delamination during drilling. The surface quality, specifically delamination peel-up and push-out, of the drilled holes was gauged via digital microscopic examination across the entry and exit of the hybrid composite sample. The ANOVA results (p < 0.04) indicated optimal drilling parameter is 6 mm drill bit diameter, 10 mm/rev feed rate, and a spindle speed of 1500 rpm. These conditions resulted in minimal delamination effects peel up and push out (0.87 and 0.91), a thrust force of 23.43 N, and torque of 5.13N-m. Overall, the study underscores the significance of drilling parameters in ensuring an efficient drilling process for this particular natural fiber composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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42. Towards Sustainable Material: Optimizing Geopolymer Mortar Formulations for 3D Printing: A Life Cycle Assessment Approach.
- Author
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Roux, Charlotte, Archez, Julien, Le Gall, Corentin, Saadé, Myriam, Féraille, Adélaïde, and Caron, Jean-François
- Abstract
Geopolymer-based concretes have been elaborated among others for their potential to lower the environmental impact of the construction sector. The rheology and workability of fresh geopolymers make them suitable for new applications such as 3D printing. In this paper, we aim to develop a potassium silicate- and metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar with sand and local earth additions suited for 3D printing and an environmental assessment framework for this material. The methodology aims at the optimization of both the granular skeleton and the geopolymer matrix for the development of a low-environmental-impact material suited for 3D printing. Using this approach, various metakaolin/earth geopolymer mortars are explored from a mechanical and environmental point of view. The environmental assessment of the lab-scale process shows an improvement for the climate change category but a degradation of other indicators, compared to Portland-cement-based concrete. Several promising options exist to further optimize the process and decrease its environmental impacts. This constitutes the main research perspective of this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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43. A review of corncob-based building materials as a sustainable solution for the building and construction industry
- Author
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Francis O. Okeke, Abdullahi Ahmed, Adil Imam, and Hany Hassanin
- Subjects
Corncob ,Sustainable material ,Built environment ,Waste ,Building material ,Technology - Abstract
The building and construction industry faces mounting pressure to adopt sustainable practices and materials due to its significant environmental impacts. Corncob (CC), a by-product of the corn industry, has shown great potential as a sustainable and versatile building material as contained in literature. Although no study has categorised the different repurposing applications of CC in building and construction. This systematic review investigates the potential of corncob, an abundant agricultural by-product, as a sustainable building material. Through analysis of 33 peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2023, it examined the diverse applications and evolving research trends of corncob in the building and construction industry. Key findings highlight corncob's global availability, low carbon footprint, and favourable properties for building applications. The review reveals nine distinct uses, including thermal/acoustic insulation, soil stabilization, fillers, cement replacement, aggregates, composite materials, particleboard production, and alkali-activated binders. Emerging research focuses on corncob ash as a supplementary cementitious material, with optimal cement replacement levels of 5–30 % by weight identified. Corncob-based materials demonstrate enhanced fire resistance, chemical durability, thermal insulation, and long-term strength development, though compressive strength remains a limitation for structural applications. The study concludes that corncob shows significant promise for advancing environmental sustainability in construction, particularly for non-structural and insulation applications. However, further research is needed to optimize material properties, standardize production methods, and evaluate full lifecycle impacts to enable widespread commercial adoption. This review provides a foundation for future investigations into innovative, low-carbon building materials derived from agricultural residues.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Halloysite-kojic acid conjugate: A sustainable material for the photocatalytic CO2 reduction and fixation for cyclic carbonates production
- Author
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Erika Saccullo, Vincenzo Patamia, Federica Magaletti, Giusy Dativo, Monia Camarda, Roberto Fiorenza, Vincenzina Barbera, Giuseppe Floresta, and Antonio Rescifina
- Subjects
CO2 ,Kojic acid ,Halloysite ,Cyclic carbonates ,Sustainable material ,Technology - Abstract
This study introduces a straightforward synthesis method for producing a hybrid material composed of halloysite and kojic acid, which catalyzes carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion processes. Kojic acid, derived from malted rice fermentation, exhibits inherent chelating properties that facilitate the introduction of copper ions onto the material’s surface. Copper ions, an economically viable alternative to noble metals, catalyze CO2 conversion reactions effectively. The hybrid catalyst was evaluated for two distinct CO2 conversion pathways: photocatalytic methane production under simulated sunlight and CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates via epoxide reactions. The hybrid material demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity under mild conditions, achieving high conversion efficiencies at 45 °C for methane production and 70 °C for carbonate fixation at atmospheric pressure. Conversion of 31 % and 89 % were achieved for the photocatalytic CO2 reduction and the carbonate fixation, respectively. FT-IR spectra confirmed the functionalization of the material. Additionally, its organic/inorganic hybrid nature is complemented by excellent thermal stability, as studied by TGA. It enables repeated utilization, maintaining a 25 % catalytic activity for methane production and 70 % for carbonate fixation after the fourth reuse. This research highlights the potential of using naturally derived materials for sustainable CO2 mitigation.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. State of the Art Review of Attributes and Mechanical Properties of Hempcrete
- Author
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Nima Asghari and Ali M. Memari
- Subjects
hemp ,hempcrete ,insulation ,sustainable material ,zero-carbon concrete ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The global surge in environmental pollution, largely attributed to industrialization, has fueled a pressing need for sustainable solutions. In response, the construction sector is increasingly focusing on bio-based materials such as hemp, recognized for its low environmental footprint and prominent carbon-negative quality. As designers, housebuilders, and an environmentally conscious society pivot towards ecological alternatives to standard building materials, hempcrete emerges as a promising candidate. As a composite material mainly made from hemp hurd/shiv, water, and lime, hempcrete offers the ability to sequester carbon long after its incorporation into structures. As a result, the hemp cultivation process—which can be completed within less than four months—ensures that more carbon is absorbed during production and deployment than emitted, e.g., per one study, sequestration on the order of 300 kg of CO2 per m3 of hempcrete. In comparison to concrete, hempcrete offers a more sustainable footprint, given its recyclability post life cycle. This state-of-the-art review paper delves deep into different aspects of hempcrete, summarizing its multifaceted attributes, particularly its compressive strength. Based on the study conducted, the paper also suggests strategies to augment this strength, thereby transitioning hempcrete from a non-load-bearing material to one capable of shouldering significant weight. As architects and designers consistently strive to align their projects with high ecological standards, focusing not just on aesthetic appeal but also environmental compatibility, hempcrete becomes an increasingly fitting solution for the future of construction.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Optimization and characterization of sustainable geopolymer mortars based on palygorskite clay, water glass, and sodium hydroxide
- Author
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Hamid Samer, Johari Izwan, and Othman Nadras
- Subjects
sustainable material ,alkaline solution ,calcination temperatures ,carbon footprint ,high-reactive palygorskite ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The synthesis of ambient-cured sustainable geopolymer mortars (GMs) was studied throughout this work. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions, new materials must be used in the production of sustainable concrete and mortars. Many types of binders are used in the synthesis of GM and concrete (GPC), especially clay minerals. These clay minerals are considered sources of alumina and silica in GM and concrete. The geopolymerization process relies on the alkaline solution activating the alumino-silicate to produce geopolymer gel products. The palygorskite (PA) clay mineral, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium silicates (Na2SiO3) were chosen as a binder (solid material) and alkaline activator solution to synthesize GM at ambient temperature. PA was thermally treated at 550, 650, 700, and 750°C, respectively, to convert into high-reactive PA (HRP) HRP550, HRP650, HRP700, and HRP750, respectively. The characteristics of PA clay, HRP powders, and HRP-based GM were evaluated using compressive strength (CS) testing, X-ray fluorescence analysis, carbon footprint analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractograms, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The maximum CS of 25.1 MPa was acquired for geopolymer synthesis utilizing HRP700-based GM cured at 30°C for 28 days. FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated that HRP-based GM showed the presence of Si–O, Al–O, and O–C–O bonds stretching vibrations in the alumino-silicate network. The results showed that the CO2 emissions had a reduction in the HRP-based GM compared with the reference mix of ordinary Portland cement mortar (OPM). The percentage of reductions was 14.1, 13.7, 13.1, and 12.4 for HRP550, HRP650, HRP700, and HRP750, respectively, compared with the OPM mixture. SEM images/EDS analysis and XRD diffractograms confirmed the presence of sodium alumino-silicate hydrates, magnesium silicate hydrate, and calcium silicate hydrate gels with high quantities particularly in the HRP700-based GM than that in HRP550, HRP650, and HRP750, respectively. The results indicate the suitability of HRP calcined at 700°C (HRP700) in the synthesis of the GM.
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- 2024
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47. 5(S)-((3a R ,4 R ,6a R)-2,2-Dimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole.
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Boiaryna, Liliana, Guillarme, Stéphane, and Saluzzo, Christine
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RING-opening reactions , *REGIOSELECTIVITY (Chemistry) , *OXAZOLINE , *BENZONITRILE , *CARBOHYDRATES - Abstract
5(S)-((3aR,4R,6aR)-2,2-Dimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole was synthesized from isosorbide in a three-step sequence, with an overall yield of 46%. The first reaction step involves a single regioselective ring-opening reaction of isosorbide with Me3SiI in the presence of acetone followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution to transform the iodoalcohol into its corresponding epoxide. The last reaction allows the formation of the oxazoline ring directly from the epoxide with benzonitrile in the presence of BF3·Et2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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48. Utilizing wollastonite in concrete as a replacement of cement: impact of carbonation and pore structure evaluation using EIS
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Mirkute, Rushikesh and Boppana, Narendra Kumar
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- 2024
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49. Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure Evaluation of Quicklime-Activated Cement Kiln Dust-Slag Binder Pastes.
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Hu, Minhui, Dong, Tianwen, Cui, Zhenglong, and Li, Zhuo
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BEHAVIORAL assessment , *CEMENT kilns , *CEMENT industries , *CALCIUM hydroxide , *PASTE , *BINDING agents - Abstract
Cement kiln dust (CKD) is a by-product of cement production, which has the shortcomings of low utilization and high-temperature activation. This study combined CKD and slag as precursors for preparing pastes through quicklime activation under ambient conditions. The effects of quicklime and CKD content on the workability (flowability and setting time), macro-mechanical properties, and micro-structure of the CKD-slag binders were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the rapid precipitation of Ca2+, Si4+, and Al3+ ions from the CKD provided more nucleation sites for the formation of calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-(A)-S-H) gel and enhanced the reactivity of the binder system under the influence of the activator (CaO). The specimens had the highest unconfined compressive strength (UCS) (24.6 MPa) after 28 days with 10% quicklime content and 60% CKD content; scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis showed that the Ca/Si ratio of the C-(A)-S-H gel was minimized, leading to a denser microstructure and better binding ability under this mixing proportion. Therefore, this study may provide novel binder materials with a high proportion of CKD under ambient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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50. Effect of hygrothermal aging on novel hybrid composites: Transforming textile waste into a valuable product.
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Russel, Eastus, Nagappan, Beemkumar, Karsh, Pradeepkumar, Madhu, S., Devarajan, Yuvarajan, Suresh, G., and Vezhavendhan, R.
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HYGROTHERMOELASTICITY , *HYBRID materials , *POLYMER networks , *TEXTILE waste , *SYNTHETIC fibers , *DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry - Abstract
The textile industry now produces thousands of tons of waste worldwide, and the total amount of discarded material waste increases yearly. Hygrothermal aging of cotton/E-glass (hybrid) fiber reinforced with various proportions of graphene oxide (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) was performed. Epoxy and vinyl ester (50:50) have been chosen because of the Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) concept. Laminates were subjected to 50, 60, and 70°C temperatures for 180 days. Further, Tg and the degree of cross-linking have been determined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC analysis proves that a hot water bath enhances the cross-linking of the polymer. IPN laminates were also intermittently weighed for water uptake, and their consecutive mechanical properties like tensile, flexural, and impact strength were obtained. From this work, it was observed that the addition of 5 w.t% graphene oxide in cotton/E glass fiber vinyl ester/epoxy resin hybrid IPN composites showed a tensile strength of 375.61 MPa, flexural strength of 393.54 MPa, Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of 49 MPa and the impact strength of 22.54 MPa. Moreover, the lowest inclusion of particulate addition exhibits better mechanical properties than (up to 5% of GO) the highest particulate loading into the matrix. SEM study was conducted on the broken specimens to know the impact of diffusion characteristics on the physical properties of the IPN composites. Highlights • Natural and synthetic fibers are used as reinforcements. • Waste cotton/E glass fiber vinyl epoxy composites are fabricated. • Laminates were subjected to diverse temperatures for 180 days. • The moisture diffusion coefficient is proportional to water temperature. • Bathtub temperature affects the tensile strength of the laminate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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