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Med življenjsko dobo lesenih talnih oblog prihaja do staranja ter s tem spreminjanja njihovih relevantnih lastnosti, ki pa jih je mogoče oceniti v krajšem času v simuliranih pogojih intenzivnega klimatskega obremenjevanja. V ta namen smo umetno pospešenemu staranju (UPS) izpostavili tri skupine zunanjih lesenih talnih oblog: v skupino A smo uvrstili le toplotno obdelane preizkušance, v skupinah B in C pa smo enake preizkušance še dodatno površinsko zaščitili z naravnim oljem. Med standardnim postopkom cikličnega obremenjevanja z ultravijoličnim obsevanjem, infrardečim segrevanjem in umetnim dežjem smo v intervalih po 100 ciklov UPS na preizkušancih ugotavljali spremembo mase in vlažnosti, barve, dimenzij ter pojavnost napak. Največje spremembe mase, dimenzij in barve smo zaznali že po prvih 100 urah obremenjevanja. Pri preizkušancih A so bile spremembe absolutno večje kot pri skupinah B in C, ki se med sabo nista razlikovali. Prve razpoke in pokline so se pojavile na preizkušancih skupine A že po 100 urah, pri skupinah B in C pa po 200 do 300 urah. Zaključujemo, da so se znaki staranja pri površinsko oljenih in toplotno obdelanih talnih oblogah pokazali kasneje in manj izrazito kot pri kontrolnih preizkušancih skupine A. During the service life of wooden floors ageing occurs, thereby altering their relevant properties, which can, however, be evaluated in a short time under simulated conditions of intense climatic loading. For this purpose, three groups of external wooden floors were exposed to artificial accelerated aging (UPS): only heat-treated specimens were included in group A, and in groups B and C the same objects were additionally protected with natural oil. During the standard process of cyclic loading with ultraviolet irradiation, infrared heating, and artificial rain the change of mass and moisture content, colour, dimensions and incidence of defects were determined on the specimens at intervals of 100 UPS cycles. The largest changes in mass, dimensions and colour were detected after the first 100 hours of loading. The changes in the A-specimens were absolutely greater than in groups B and C, which did not differ from each other. The first end cracks and surface cracks occurred in group A after 100 hours, and in groups B and C after 200 to 300 hours. We conclude that the signs of ageing in surface-oiled and heat-treated floorings were later and less pronounced than at the control A-specimens.

Glavni namen diplomskega dela je bil konstruiranje, izdelava in vgradnja lesene talne obloge iz tikovine za plovilo. Postopek izdelave talne obloge smo želeli čim bolj optimizirati, zato je bilo potrebno poiskati konstrukcijske rešitve, s katerimi lahko izdelamo kvalitetno predpripravljeno talno oblogo, ki bo zadostovala tako estetskim kot mehansko-tehnološkim zahtevam. Talno oblogo smo zaradi posebno zahtevne oblike izdelali iz večjega števila elementov, ki smo jih s pomočjo CNC tehnologije rezkali iz že prej pripravljenih elementov letvice smo pritrdili na šablono zaradi lažjega vpenjanja na stroj in samega postopka lepljenja. Za natančen zajem geometrijskih podatkov kompleksnih površin smo uporabili 3D lasersko skeniranje v kombinaciji z dodatno metodo izvajanja meritev s šablonami. Ugotovili smo, da je ta način dela primeren za izdelavo kompleksnih talnih oblog za plovila. Konstruiranje je potekalo s programsko opremo SolidWorks, SWood in AutoCAD. Metoda izdelave predizdelanih segmentov talne obloge s CNC strojem je bila za ta namen zelo primerna, saj smo z njo zagotavljali veliko natančnost izdelave talne obloge in ob vgradnji v plovilo ni prihajalo do težav. The main purpose of the thesis was the design, manufacture and installation of wooden teak decking for a boat. We wanted to optimize the process of making the wooden boat decking as much as possible, so it was necessary to find construction solutions with which we could make a quality pre-prepared boat decking that would meet both aesthetic and mechanical-technological requirements. Due to the specially demanding shape, the decking was made of a large number of elements, which were milled from previously prepared elements with the help of CNC technology the slats were attached to the substructure for easier fastening to the machine and for the ease of the gluing process itself. To accurately capture the geometric data of complex surfaces, we used 3D laser scanning in combination with an additional method of taking measurements with templates. We found that this way of working is suitable for the production of complex wooden boat decking. The construction was done with SolidWorks, SWood and AutoCAD software. The method of making prefabricated wooden boat decking segments with a CNC machine was very suitable for this purpose, as it ensured high accuracy in the production of the floor covering, and there were no problems when installing it on the vessel.

Proučevali smo tehnološke lastnosti talnih oblog iz kokosove palme. Raziskave smo opravili na naključno izbranih elementih, ki smo jih dobili na skladišču komercialnega ponudnika. Preizkušance dimenzij 900 mm × 95 mm × 15 mm smo vizualno po barvi razvrstili v 3 skupine, od svetlih, srednje svetlih do temnih. V normalni klimi smo določali barvo, gostoto in trdoto po Brinellu, ter izdelali vzorce za mikroskopijo. Dimenzijsko stabilnost in higroskopnost pa smo določali z uravnovešanjem v suhi (20 °C / 35 %) in vlažni klimi (20 °C / 87 %). Gostota kokosovine je variirala med 468 in 1086 kg/m3 in je naraščala z deležem skupkov vaskularnih vlaken. Z naraščanjem gostote se je izboljševala tudi trdota in higroskopnost kokosovine, slabšala pa se je njena dimenzijska stabilnost. Z določanjem barve kokosovine v RGB prostoru, lahko s parametrom B (blue) uspešno napovemo gostoto tega materiala. The technological properties of coconut palm flooring were studied on randomly selected elements obtained from a commercial supplier's warehouse. Test specimens, having dimensions of 900 mm × 95 mm × 15 mm, were visually divided into three groups by colour, from light, medium light to dark. Under normal climate the colour, density, and Brinell hardness of cocowood were determined and the structure analysed by microscopy. Dimensional stability and hygroscopicity were determined by conditioning of cocowood in both dry (20°C / 35 %) and humid climate (20°C / 87 %). The density of cocowood varied between 468 and 1086 kg/m3 and increased with the proportion of bundles of vascular fibres. As the density increased, the hardness and hygroscopicity of the cocowood also improved, and its dimensional stability reduced. By determining the colour of cocowood in RGB space, we can successfully predict the density of this material with parameter B (blue).

Raziskovali smo ali obstaja zveza med emitiranim udarnim zvokom in trdoto lesov in masivnih lesenih talnih oblog. V raziskavi smo proučili preizkušance smrekovega, macesnovega, hrastovega, bukovega ter jesenovega lesa, nominalne debeline 20 mm. Trdoto lesa smo določili s standardno Brinellovo metodo, ter z dinamično metodo s spuščanjem jeklene kroglice, pri kateri smo izmerili še akustični odziv. Ugotovili smo naraščanje trdote lesa z večanjem gostote lesnih vrst. Potrdili smo tudi odvisnost velikosti površinske poškodbe lesa pri padcu jeklene kroglice s premerom vtiska kroglice pri standardni Brinellovi metodi. Z večanjem vtiska kroglice pri dinamični metodi smo potrdili nižji izmerjen maksimalni-, eksponentni povprečni- ter povprečni zvočni tlak. Širina frekvenčnega spektra izmerjenega zvočnega signala je bila večja pri mehkejših lesnih vrstah. Rezultati tudi potrjujejo, da so za mirne prostore zaradi manjšega emitiranega udarnega zvoka primernejše lesene talne obloge iz mehkejših lesnih vrst. We investigated whether there is a relationship between the emitted sound impact and hardness of woods and solid wood flooring. In this study we examined test pieces of spruce, larch, oak, beech and ash wood, the nominal thickness of 20 mm. Hardness of wood was determined by standard Brinell method and by dynamic method using dropping of the steel ball, in which the acoustic response was measured. We have found increase of the wood hardness by increasing the density of the wood species. We have confirmed also the correlation of the size of wood surface damage at the dynamic method measurement with the indentation diameter at the standard Brinell method. By increasing of surface damage at the fall of steel ball the decrease of measured maximal-, exponential average- and the average sound pressure level was confirmed. The frequency range of the measured sound spectrum was greater at soft wood species. The results suggest using of soft wood species for silent spaces to decrease the emitted impact noise.

Magistrsko delo ''Analiza gorenja talnih oblog'' predstavlja analizo rezultatov preskusov hitrosti gorenja po površini različnih talnih oblog in količino dima, ki se sprosti pri tem. Pravilna vgradnja vseh elementov v objekt je zelo pomembna za ustrezno požarno zaščito objekta, saj lahko vpliva na razvoj požara in tudi širjenje požara po objektu. Problematika pri talnih oblogah z vidika požarne varnosti je, da se talne obloge preskušajo v standardnih oziroma idealnih razmerah, kjer so nadzorovani pogoji gorenja. Vzorce talnih oblog se pripravi za preskušanje, pravilno po navodilih proizvajalca. Praska je drugačna. V realnosti se pogosto srečujemo z nepravilno položenimi ali poškodovanimi talnimi oblogami. Pri pregledu literature tako v Sloveniji kot tudi v tujini nisem zasledila literature o preskušanju požarnih lastnosti nepravilno izvedenih oziroma poškodovanih talnih oblog. Zato sem se odločila, da za prikaz bolj realnega stanja izvedem nestandardne požarne preskuse poškodovanih oziroma nepravilno položenih vzorcev talnih oblog in rezultate opišem v magistrskem delu. The master's thesis ''Analysis of burning of floor coverings'' presents an analysis of results of spread of flame tests over the surface of different floor coverings and of generation of smoke during those tests. Proper installation of all building materials in the building is very important for proper fire protection of a building, and is an important factor of development and spread of fire in the building. From fire safety point of view, the problem of floor coverings is that they are tested with standard test methods, under very defined and controlled conditions. Test samples of floor coverings are prepared precisely, according to manufacturer instructions. In reality, the situation is quite different many floor coverings are installed in an improper manner or they could be damaged. I found no information on testing of fire characteristics of improperly installed or damaged floor coverings in Slovenian or other literature. Therefore, I decided to carry out non-standard fire testing of improperly installed or damaged floor coverings and report results in the master's thesis.

Diplomsko delo se osredotoča na problematiko ročnega rezanja talnih oblog s pomočjo tapetniškega noža. Zaradi želje po hitrejši proizvodnji, večji ponovljivosti in večji natančnosti, obenem pa tudi zmanjšanju obremenitve delavcev pri tem delu ter preprečitvi poškodb smo se v podjetju Arcont d.d. odločili za avtomatizacijo rezanja talnih oblog. Za računalniško modeliranje smo uporabili programski paket SolidWorks, s pomočjo katerega smo načrtovali in izdelali približni model končnega stroja. V nadaljevanju je bilo potrebno razviti ustrezno električno vezje za doseganje želene avtomatizacije in upoštevanje varnosti pri delovanju stroja. Na koncu je bilo potrebno celoten projekt tudi realizirati. Rezultat je stroj, ki je avtomatiziral postopek ročnega rezanja talnih oblog. Ta rešitev je izboljšala delovne pogoje delavcev in pripomogla k večji produktivnosti. The thesis focuses on the problem of manual cutting of floor coverings with the aid of a upholstery knife. Due to the desire for faster production, higher repeatability and greater accuracy, while at the same time reducing the burden on workers in this work and preventing injuries, we at Arcont d.d. decided to automate the cutting of floor coverings. For computer modeling we used the SolidWorks software package with the help of which we designed and produced an approximate model of the final machine. In the following, it was necessary to develop an appropriate electrical circuit for achieving the desired automation and taking into account the safety of the machine. In the end, it was necessary to realize the whole project as well. The result is a machine that automated the process of manual cutting of floor coverings. This solution has improved the working conditions of workers, while at the same time it has helped to increase productivity.