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Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For some time now, there has been a trend for German studies programs to be adapted to the needs of students on the one hand, and to the needs of the job market on the other. On the one hand, this is being forced by students who are increasingly asking themselves what they will do after they graduate. On the other hand, the constantly changing job market is exerting an ever greater influence on the design of curricula in the academic field, as students are increasingly demanding practical application of the knowledge they have acquired during their studies. Neophilology courses are not spared from this. Students expect their studies – including philology courses – to prepare them to successfully pursue a specific profession. Alongside English, German is proving to be a foreign language relevant to the job market, according to the well-known saying: English is a must, German is a plus! This topic is taken up in Doris Sava and Ellen Tichy‘s recently published anthology by Peter Lang. The volume offers various approaches to the topic outlined in the title. These are practical examples of use and didactic solutions for GFL lessons in the field of specialized languages.

Im Vermittlungsprozess chemischer Fachinhalte ist ein reflektierter Gebrauch der chemischen Fachsprache unumgänglich. Diesem Anspruch müssen auch Online‐Erklärvideos als beliebtes Lernmedium deutscher Schüler:innen gerecht werden. Diese Studie untersucht die fachsprachliche Qualität von Online‐Erklärvideos mit dem übergeordneten Ziel herauszufinden, inwiefern sich Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Erklärvideoproduzent:innen feststellen lassen. Allgemein lässt sich festhalten, dass die fachsprachliche Qualität aktueller Online‐Erklärvideos unzureichend ist. Verschiedene Kriterien, die unter Berücksichtigung fachdidaktischer Forschungsergebnisse als lernhinderlich beschrieben werden, kommen in den instruktionalen Erklärungen der Videos vor. Darüber hinaus gehen die Videos der Lehrer:innen und Organisationen als didaktische Expert:innen gleichermaßen mit fachlichen Fehlkonzepten und fachsprachlichen Unstimmigkeiten einher, wie auch die von Privatpersonen und Fachwissenschaftler:innen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of “grammar of the law” is presented as irreducibly plural, as is also shown by the ancient comparison between law and language, which has developed along multiple lines that can be traced back to different theoretical positions. The nature of normative language and juridical language, articulated in different orders, mainly written but not only, involves various possible meanings of juridical grammar analyzed above all in the thought of Italian authors such as Pugliatti, Scarpelli, Bobbio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Comportamentalia is the property of Instituto de Psicologia y Educacion de la Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The town of Križevci in north-western Croatia is located in a region where agriculture is one of the main economic activities. Historically, it is the former Military Frontier established by the Habsburgs in the 16th century to ward off the westward encroaching Ottomans. The presence of the Austrian army in the Military Frontier led to lively German-Croatian language contact, since German was not only the language of command, but was also used as the official language of administration. The dominance of German in the public life of the Military Frontier favored the adoption of many German loanwords into Croatian and played a significant role in the development of Croatian agricultural terminology at the beginning of the 20th century. Professional texts from the agricultural scientific journal “Gospodarska smotra”, which was published between 1909 and 1919, form the template for the research corpus for the following paper. In particular, it was researched how the German agricultural terms are embedded in the Croatian text and which adaptation processes had an effect on the borrowing and integration into Croatian. It was established that when German technical terms were adopted into Croatian, various forms of loan creations were used, with German technical term compounds being replaced by various forms of attributive compounds. Furthermore, many text passages from the research corpus contain reflections and arguments by their authors on the concept of technical language in general and thus offer a valuable source for sociolinguistic and technical language follow-up research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of a general model of professional communication which differs from concepts of professional language, a new model is developed which consistently integrates their multilingualism. This takes into account various individual languages such as German, English or Chinese as well as professionally relevant varieties such as every day and educational language including various languages for specific purposes in individual professions or professional contexts as well as the corresponding competences of the people working in these professions or contexts. Such a model not only provides an exhaustive and detailed coverage of plurilingual professional communication for itself, it also allows for numerous applications in the fields of language planning, language policy and language didactics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence and use of phraseologisms in technical languages is often the subject of scientific research. One analyzes phraseologisms whose use is typical for the respective language or diagnoses their use in technical texts. This also applies to the use of the so-called legal phraseologisms in legal technical language and their occurrence in legal technical texts. In phraseology research, the focus has so far been on the terminological aspects and the delimitation of legal phraseologisms from the other phraseological units. In Małgorzata Płomińska’s monograph “Juristische Fachphraseologie – zwischen Konvention und Routine”, published in 2019 by Peter Lang Verlag, one finds an exemplary connection between theory and practice. The author analyzes the occurrence and functions of legal phraseologisms in the German and Polish law books and creates a very successful analysis model. The research results achieved by Płomińska are the subject of the contribution. At the same time, the current state of research on legal linguistic specialist phraseology is discussed. The characteristics of the analysis results also make it possible to display certain desiderata in this research area. a lack of complex research into legal phraseology for both German and Polish, as well as of a comparative character.

The need for translators to specialise in their field, which is caused by the market situation, requires university translator training focused on the specialist knowledge. This article uses the example of a textbook created to meet the requirements on translation exercises in business administration to illustrate the possibilities of didactising specialised texts in a way that focuses on the development of translatorial skills. The structure and methodology used are explained. Specific examples are used to present the procedures for terminology work with the help of parallel and background texts, as well as further tasks and exercises on the lexical and morpho-syntactic level. Another important part of the textbook are the translation assignments with questions and tasks on individual phases of the translation process. Special attention is given to the translation revision and evaluation, as these activities have a permanent place in the portfolio of translator activities today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical writing in professional environments, such as user manual authoring, requires the use of uniform language. Nonuniform language refers to sentences in a technical document that are intended to have the same meaning within a similar context, but use different words or writing style. Addressing this nonuniformity problem requires the performance of two tasks. The first task, which we named nonuniform language detection (NLD), is detecting such sentences. We propose an NLD method that utilizes different similarity algorithms at lexical, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels. Different features are extracted and integrated by applying a machine learning classification method. The second task, which we named nonuniform language correction (NLC), is deciding which sentence among the detected ones is more appropriate for that context. To address this problem, we propose an NLC method that combines contraction removal, near-synonym choice, and text readability comparison. We tested our methods using smartphone user manuals. We finally compared our methods against state-of-the-art methods in paraphrase detection (for NLD) and against expert annotators (for both NLD and NLC). The experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve performance that matches expert annotators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present an advanced domain-specific multi-word terminology extraction method. Our hybrid approach for automatic term identification benefits from both statistical and linguistic approaches. Our main goal is to reduce as much as possible the human effort in term selection tasks as well as to provide a wide-range and representative terminology of a domain. We emphasize in identification of verb or noun phrases multi-word terms, in neologisms and technical jargons. Our architecture applies the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) algorithm to a domain-specific textual corpus in order to measure a unit's importance in it. We also use techniques to filter out nested terms of a candidate term taking into consideration its frequency by itself in the corpus. In addition, the exported terms are filtered out based on a stop-word list and linguistic criteria. To further reduce the size of the candidate terms and achieve accurate and precise terminologies, our method automatically validates them against a general-purpose corpus. Our study based on a small corpus of vibration-based condition monitoring domain shows that most extracted terms have nice correspondence to the domain of condition monitoring concepts and notions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses a large dataset of Middle English vocabulary from nine domains which has been arranged into a semantic hierarchy. It focuses on the distribution of French-origin borrowings at various levels of technicality and at various levels of co-hyponymic density (i.e. the number of words per sense). Overall, results show that French loanwords are concentrated in higher proportions at the hypernymic (or more general) level rather than at the hyponymic (or more technical) level. These findings run counter to the orthodox view that borrowings are used to fill lexical gaps for new technical terms in a semantic field.

Copyright of Studia Jezykoznawcze: Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badan polszczyzny is the property of University of Szczecin Press / Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecinskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we present the initial results of a terminology study on a vibration-based condition monitoring technique to support the research community. We automatically export terminologies from domain specific textual corpora and a team of subject matter experts validates and revises 20 typical terms. Our goal is twofold; (i) to standardize terminology for the domain of vibration since different groups use different definitions of commonly used terms and (ii) to distinguish the specific terminology from the general terminology or from the terminology of other mechanical areas. We intended to serve the needs of a wide range of user groups such as subject matter experts who sometimes need to ascertain the meaning of an unknown term or concept. To date, there is no similar work or initiative that could be integrated, reused or extended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical legal vocabulary creates a significant learning burden for initiates to legal English, the lingua franca of international commerce and the language of law schools within the U.S. This study, focusing on spoken texts, sought to identify and describe technical legal vocabulary used in one first-year, foundational law school course: Contracts. A keyword list based on course transcripts was created using the corpus comparison method. Additionally, Language-related episodes (LREs) were used as a qualitative framework to describe explicit attention to language within classroom discussions. LREs frequently contained definitions of technical legal vocabulary and highlighted the polysemous nature of technical legal vocabulary. The keyword (corpus comparison) method was found to be less time-consuming for identifying technical legal vocabulary and to provide better, albeit somewhat limited, coverage of the course transcripts than the qualitative coding method. However, qualitative coding provided rich descriptions of how definitions and technical vocabulary are discussed and conceptualized in a law school classroom. • Technical legal vocabulary is discussed frequently in a law school classroom. • Keyword analysis efficiently identifies spoken technical legal vocabulary. • Meanings of technical legal vocabulary are highly context-dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of technical language in marketing communications has more complex effects than what the previous research suggests. Three studies show that the effect of technical information on consumers' evaluations of a product depends on whether their reactions to this information are based on (a) their difficulty of comprehending it or (b) their perceptions of its scientific and technical implications. These reactions, in turn, depend on both the relative accessibility of these criteria in memory and the expertise of the individuals who are likely to use the product being described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the use of culinary terminology in the recipe book De re coquinaria, by tradition attributed to Apicius. From the analysis of the specialized terms, its use and its technical significance are studied, focussed on two conceptual axes: description of practical procedures (verbs) and naming of material results (nouns). Also it shows the resources for the creation of technical language (as loan translations of Greek and diminutive derivatives) as well as its coincidences with Vulgar Latin. It is concluded that the culinary language in the De re coquinaria and the Vulgar Latin have strong morphological coincidences, but with different expressive values and linguistic uses, which highlights the polysemic character of Latin culinary terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Románicos is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is important for anyone entering a profession to learn their profession's specialised language. This is also true of those learning trades such as automotive technology or plumbing. Knowledge of specialised language allows trades professionals to speak to other professionals and read technical material. Although this technical language is new to all students, learning it is harder for students learning in a second language. In this article we provide support for this learning for students from the Pacific Island nation of Tonga, who are studying a trade in English either in Tonga or abroad. In prior work we developed technical word lists in four trades, identifying the technical vocabulary in a 1.6 million-word corpus of course material. In this article, we extend that research by developing bilingual English-Tongan word lists, using culturally appropriate Talanoa methodology to draw on the specialist knowledge of Tongan-speaking trades' professionals. Translation revealed that numerous technical words do not have a direct translation in Tongan, particularly infrequent English words. It also revealed words with a clear Tongan equivalent, and Tonganised English words. The bilingual word lists will benefit Tongan trades' trainees in Tonga and those who are migrants to English countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, Spain has seen an increase in TV and Radio programmes and in scientific research and educational studies dealing with the correct use of the Spanish language. In parallel, a new tendency has begun to develop, that is to say the creation of a new language through semantic neologisms. This is achieved by decomposing and recomposing existing words and by assigning them a new meaning (LANG, 2009). Over the last few years, this playful tendency has been expressed at its best in the works of Luis Piedrahita. The aim of the present study is to focus on the descriptive-qualitative analysis of the method used by Piedrahita to create his own 'vocabulary', through which he describes reality basing on observation, abstraction and logic. The data used for analysis are constituted of a series of words used in the TV shows El Hormiguero and La Ventana and selected on the basis of their distinctive linguistic and cultural features. Our study will also show how Piedrahita, respecting the mechanisms laying behind the process of Spanish word formation, is able to create new words which share a number of common features with technical terms: unambiguity, direct reference to the object or phenomenon, negation of subjectivity, precision and clarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how children's recipes are adapted structurally and linguistically for their young readership. It is based on comparative data, using 24 children's and 24 adults' versions of the same recipes, and additional online and printed children's recipes as reference. Even though recipes have been researched extensively, research on recipes for children in particular is rare. Based on general research on facilitation methods in recipe writing, the article analyzes how children, as the target readership, are accommodated in the analyzed recipes and how they differ from recipes intended for adults. Findings suggest that children's recipes often have an appealing title, are more detailed and clearer, and use visual support. There is a tendency to reduce presuppositions and include additional advice. However, they seem less consistent than adult recipes and, in contrast to the general trend for accommodation, often use technical terminology without further explanations. The request for an adult helper distinguishes children's from adults' recipes and serves as a differentiating feature. These findings indicate that children's recipes are adapted to the particular context and needs of a young and inexperienced audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learners in the trades are faced with learning a large amount of technical vocabulary along with the content of their field, but they do not tend to encounter this language outside their courses of study. This technical vocabulary is a core element in their developing knowledge of their trade and their learner identity. This article focuses first on identifying technical vocabulary in Fabrication using specialised written and spoken corpora, and through extensive checking with experts in the field as well as reference sources. A technical word list of 1079 types was developed, along with a list of common abbreviations and their meanings and a list of proper nouns. The technical word list covers over 30% of the vocabulary in the written Fabrication corpus and just over 9% of the spoken Fabrication corpus. The second part of the article discusses this vocabulary in light of the concept of vocational thresholds and provides suggestions for incorporating the word list into pedagogy, including an apprenticeship approach in which a focus on literacy/literacy acquisition is embedded into content teaching. Suggestions for future research are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Cultural Studies / Roczniki Kulturoznawcze is the property of John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Institute of Cultural Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is the field of language teaching and learning of English in a specific area of specialty. However, learning ESP is not to be understood as just learning a set of technical vocabulary and expressions; it is about learning to use English in a given specific context with the implication of all the skills and objectives of language learning. This qualitative research investigates the impact of Content-Based Instruction (CBI) on developing comprehension and vocabulary in a course of English for Specific Purposes at an engineering school in Morocco where English is learnt as a Foreign Language (FL). A total number of 40 students were divided into two groups of 20 students per class and were taught a fifteen-hour course of legal English over a period of six weeks. Each class lasted one hour and fifteen minutes, at the pace of two classes per week. Focus was on reading comprehension and learning vocabulary in an interactive way by engaging the learners actively. At the beginning, both groups were given the same pre-test to determine their present knowledge of legal English. After the experiment period, another post-test was administered to the students to determine their level of progress. At first, the results of both groups in each test were compared with each other. Then, the results of each group in the pre-test were compared with the results of the same group in the post-test. The general result is that both groups have made progress in improving comprehension and vocabulary capabilities in legal English. As for same-group results, the experiment group have managed to make significant progress in their post-test results compared to their pre-test results, while the control group maintained their higher score shown in the pre-test. The conclusion drawn from this is that Content-Based Instruction does help students improve their comprehension and vocabulary capabilities in ESP. Therefore, focus on content does yield positive results in learning language. Reducing content to just a topic through which learners learn language may cause the learners to miss a learning opportunity. Thus, there may not be a reason to give the content aspect of a language course less importance than the language aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Important for the status of any language is its function as a scholarly language. Are “artificial” languages, i.e. “international planned languages”, available for such a function? This article demonstrates that they are. Among planned languages, language planning, and research on scholarly language there are several connections, particularly demonstrable through the example of Esperanto. This language, from as early as the beginning of the 20th century, has had available to it scholarly texts in journals and other publications, and oral scholarly discourse through individual communication among individual scholars and in the context of organizations and other communities of discourse on various subjects, today also web-based. Characteristics of the language, particularly its word-formation, tend to favor the flexible naming of notions and the creation of terms in line with the criteria of ISO/TC 37. Such stabilized scientific vocabulary is recorded in over 200 dictionaries covering some 90 fields. The Universal Esperanto Association seeks to coordinate work on terminology and collaborates with the principal international terminological institutions. Outside their own range of discourse, planned languages have served to stimulate work, for example, in decimal classification, in nomenclature, and in terminology science. There is a broad scholarly literature in the field.

This study explored the integration of technical vocabulary into pre-observation conferences and its influence on English teachers' professional learning and discussion in their post-observation conferences. The conceptual framework based on Harvey [2011. "A Sociocultural-Theory-Based Study of the Impact of Mediation During Post-observation Conferences on Language Teacher Learning." Unpublished doctoral diss., University of South Florida] and Goe, Biggers, and Croft [2012. Linking Teacher Evaluation to Professional Development: Focusing on Improving Teaching and Learning. Denver, CO: National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality] was used to analyse the questionnaire, audio recordings, and documents collected in seven peer observations of teaching in Taiwan. This study has two major findings. First, English teachers regarded the technical vocabulary as stimuli for their professional learning; however, the range of technical vocabulary used during the post-observation conferences was limited. Second, three major factors affected their use of technical vocabulary. A new model was proposed in order to effectively integrate technical vocabulary into peer observations of teaching for elementary school English teachers' professional learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche is the property of Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Immersion & Content-Based Language Education is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper charts the construction of a technical vocabulary list called the Islamic Religious Studies Textbooks Vocabulary (IRSTV) which was developed from the Corpus of Islamic religious studies textbooks (CIRST) in an Indonesian Islamic State Institute (IISI). The study is aimed to meet the need of first-year English language learners studying in Indonesian Islamic tertiary education. The IRSTV list contains selected word types extracted from five major sub-disciplines of Islamic Religious Studies (IRS), i.e. the science of Qur'an, the science of Hadiths, Islamic law and jurisprudence, Islamic philosophy and theology, and Islamic mysticism theology, taught in most Indonesian Islamic universities and colleges. The quantitative analysis of frequency, range and keyness score ranking was conducted and aided by Corpus analysis software i.e. Antwordprof and Antconc keyword tool. A final triangulated ranking of these three criteria was conducted to produce a more balanced technical vocabulary list resulting in 262 word types or 239 lemmas of English words that are needed to be learned by English as Foreign Language (EFL) students of Indonesian Islamic universities, state institutes and colleges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the process one teacher and her university students undergo as they study the reading and writing of memoir in the context of a course titled, ‘Truth-telling in American Culture’. Exploring the boundaries between fiction and nonfiction, engaging the critical tools of introspection and revision, Blumberg parses the links that might be forged between personal memoir and historical understanding. Building reading and composition skills via a technical vocabulary for narrative allows students in all fields to see more independently, whether they are considering their own pasts or the social and political world they currently inhabit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]