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Processing is an important skillset photographers need today, and perhaps have always needed, even though some would strongly disagree saying very little processing should ever be done to a photo. [...]

* Context.-Machine learning applications in the pathology clinical domain are emerging rapidly. As decision support systems continue to mature, laboratories will increasingly need guidance to evaluate their performance in clinical practice. Currently there are no formal guidelines to assist pathology laboratories in verification and/or validation of such systems. These recommendations are being proposed for the evaluation of machine learning systems in the clinical practice of pathology. Objective.-To propose recommendations for performance evaluation of in vitro diagnostic tests on patient samples that incorporate machine learning as part of the pre-analytical, analytical, or post-analytical phases of the laboratory workflow. Topics described include considerations for machine learning model evaluation including risk assessment, predeployment requirements, data sourcing and curation, verification and validation, change control management, human-computer interaction, practitioner training, and competency evaluation. Data Sources.-An expert panel performed a review of the literature, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidance, and laboratory and government regulatory frameworks. Conclusions.-Review of the literature and existing documents enabled the development of proposed recommendations. This white paper pertains to performance evaluation of machine learning systems intended to be implemented for clinical patient testing. Further studies with real-world clinical data are encouraged to support these proposed recommendations. Performance evaluation of machine learning models is critical to verification and/or validation of in vitro diagnostic tests using machine learning intended for clinical practice. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:e335-e361; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0042-CP), Institution of machine learning (ML) in the pathology clinical domain has gained momentum and is rapidly advancing. As ML-based clinical decision support (CDS) systems continue to mature, laboratories will increasingly [...]

* Context.-Artificial intelligence algorithms hold the potential to fundamentally change many aspects of society. Application of these tools, including the publicly available ChatGPT, has demonstrated impressive domain-specific knowledge in many areas, including medicine. Objectives.-To understand the level of pathology domain-specific knowledge for ChatGPT using different underlying large language models, GPT-3.5 and the updated GPT-4. Design.-An international group of pathologists (n = 15) was recruited to generate pathology-specific questions at a similar level to those that could be seen on licensing (board) examinations. The questions (n = 15) were answered by GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and a staff pathologist who recently passed their Canadian pathology licensing exams. Participants were instructed to score answers on a 5-point scale and to predict which answer was written by ChatGPT. Results.-GPT-3.5 performed at a similar level to the staff pathologist, while GPT-4 outperformed both. The overall score for both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 was within the range of meeting expectations for a trainee writing licensing examinations. In all but one question, the reviewers were able to correctly identify the answers generated by GPT-3.5. Conclusions.-By demonstrating the ability of ChatGPT to answer pathology-specific questions at a level similar to (GPT-3.5) or exceeding (GPT-4) a trained pathologist, this study highlights the potential of large language models to be transformative in this space. In the future, more advanced iterations of these algorithms with increased domain-specific knowledge may have the potential to assist pathologists and enhance pathology resident training. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:1152-1158; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0296-OA), Rapid technological advancements in molecular pathology and a continuously growing body of knowledge have resulted in an unprecedented increase in diagnostic complexity for pathologists. (1) This presents a challenge for [...]

* Context.--Social media has become widely adopted by pathologists and other physicians for professional purposes. While engagement has likely increased over time, there remain few concrete data regarding attitudes toward its use. Objective.--To assess pathologists' use of and attitudes toward social media over time. Design.--We created a survey regarding personal and professional use of social media and circulated it via multiple channels in December 2017 and again in February 2022. Results of the 2 surveys were compared for statistically significant differences. Results.--The 2017 survey was completed by 97 participants, and the 2022 survey by 305 participants. Respondents were predominantly female and academics, included pathologists in all age categories and all time-in-practice length. In both surveys, Twitter (now X) was the most popular platform for professional use and Facebook was the most popular for personal use. Professional barriers to social media use remained consistent between the 2 surveys, including the amount of time required. Education was seen as the main benefit of social media use in both surveys, while other benefits such as networking and increasing professional visibility were endorsed significantly less often in the second survey. While the second survey received more than 3 times as many responses as the first, several aspects of social media use (mainly demographics) remained similar during the timeframe, while other aspects (such as usage and perceived values) decreased. Conclusions.--Pathologists continue to find social media valuable. Barriers remain, though overall pathologists of all ages and practice settings appear receptive to using social media to further educational and other opportunities. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:1159-1165; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0387-OA), Social media, once considered the realm of the young and unprofessional, has become widely adopted by physicians for professional purposes through the years. Pathologists were some of the earliest adopters [...]

The evolving Great Power Competition among the primary players in the global power system greatly challenges our nation's ability to deter aggression on a global scale (The White House, 2022). [...]

The typical applicant for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) waits up to 30 days for benefits and for up to 45 days for Medicaid. Despite years of massive investments [...]

The Aligned Customer-Centered Ecosystem of Supports & Services (ACCESS) Initiative is a two-year initiative led by the American Public Human Services Association (APHSA) in partnership with the National Association of [...]

We are living in a historic moment in which emerging technology, especially Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the proliferation of Generative AI (Gen AI), are providing new opportunities for governments to [...]

In a transformational journey from replacement to reinvention, the New Mexico Medicaid Management Information System Replacement (MMISR) program is reimagining its Medicaid Management Information System (MMIS) with a modular solution, [...]

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. BACKGROUND 775 A. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 776 B. Medical Device Regulation 778 C. Off-Label Use 781 III. ANALYSIS 784 A. Federal Regulators 785 1. The [...], Through machine learning (ML) developments, medical devices are gaining more autonomous functions and taking on more central roles in medical care. Many scholars believe that artificial intelligence (AI) will revolutionize the healthcare industry, but the technology brings several concerns that implicate data privacy, patient security and safety, and professional responsibility. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) acknowledged this fact, publishing proposed guidance in 2023 on artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) medical device approval that would tighten device regulation upfront and enhance supervision throughout the regulatory process. While some have addressed the premarket approval process or tort liability frameworks for artificial intelligence-enabled devices, this Note focuses on the regulatory concerns arising from off-label use of AI/ML-enabled medical devices. This Note agrees with FDA and other scholars that the current legal system does not support the proper use of AI/ML-enabled medical devices. To remedy that lack of systemic support, this Note considers which agencies, if any, have the proper regulatory authority to handle the matter and challenges the idea that nonbinding guidance is the proper regulatory vehicle for enforcement. Ultimately, this Note argues for a multilevel regulatory framework promulgated under the formal rulemaking process, state regulatory procedure, and private regulation.

While students and parents are back-to-school shopping and meeting new teachers, a potential cyberattack shutting down their schools or stealing their valuable student data should not be on their minds. [...], Every day, a K-12 school in the United States falls victim to a harmful cyberattack that can cost it millions of dollars and keep its doors closed for days or weeks. Schools are desperate for funding to purchase essential cybersecurity services and products to protect their school's networks from these cyberattacks. Such funding should be available through the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) E-Rate program, which was established as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 to provide discounts for connectivity services in K-12 schools across the country. During the COVID-19 pandemic, schools and other telecommunications industry stakeholders submitted petitions asking the FCC to consider expanding the E-Rate program to include discounts for advanced firewall and network security services. While schools can currently utilize the E-Rate program to obtain discounts on telecommunications and internet services like cable modems, routers, and antennas, they are currently unable to use E-Rate program funding to purchase essential cybersecurity products and services, including advanced or next-generation firewalls, that would mitigate the impact of cyberattacks. With technological advancements, hackers are more capable than ever to devastatingly harm school networks; as such, the technological needs for achieving connectivity to schools have changed since the 1996 Act was passed. Advanced or next-generation firewalls and other network security services are now more essential than ever to obtaining safe and efficient connectivity for K-12 schools. This Note proposes that the FCC immediately expand the E-Rate program to include essential cybersecurity products and services in the program's eligible services list. The FCC has the requisite authority under the Telecommunications Act of 1996 to expand the E-Rate program's eligible services list to keep up with changing technological needs. While different sectors of the federal government are working to resolve the cybersecurity problems schools are facing, what schools need most is immediate and accessible funding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. BACKGROUND 837 II. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TSA'S FACIAL RECOGNITION 841 PROGRAM III. HISTORICAL DEFERENCE TO AGENCY INTERPRETATIONS 845 IV. HOW THE COURT MIGHT REVIEW THE TSA'S [...], The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has begun using facial recognition technology (FRT) to screen passengers at airports. Although travelers can currently opt out, it is not clear that this will continue to be an option as the program expands. This raises significant concerns about the amount of personally identifiable information being collected by the agency, as well as the level of discretion the agency has to implement this increasingly invasive technology without input from Congress. This Note proposes that, in light of the United States Supreme Court's shift away from its deferential Chevron standard for reviewing agency action, litigators can and should argue that the TSA's program ought to be struck down. Furthermore, it concludes that, regardless of whether the TSA's program would be invalidated in court, Congress should step in and pass legislation guiding the agency's adoption of FRT. Although much has been written about the Court's evolving Chevron-deference jurisprudence, this Note contributes to the discussion by applying this analysis to the TSA's potentially problematic new FRT program.

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION: CIVIL INVASIONS OF PRIVACY 616 II. THE HISTORY OF PRIVACY IN DISCOVERY 620 A. Early Focus on Depositions and "Blackmail": The 1930s 623 B. Attorney [...], US citizens enjoy strong protection against criminal searches pursuant to the Fourth Amendment, but they must produce a diary entry from a bedroom drawer or a text message to a romantic partner if it is relevant to a civil case and not privileged. The reason for this paradox, long a mystery to outsiders, is a complex mixture of history and culture. Understanding the paradox is particularly important now. In the absence of any other check on discovery, federal and state courts have relied on persuasive sources to protect privacy in pretrial practice, none of which are reflected in the discovery rules. The Supreme Court gutted one of those sources, the federal constitutional right to privacy, in Dobbs. At the same time, technological advancements and increasingly intrusive discovery requests push the boundaries of the rules. It is time to strengthen individual privacy rights in the context of civil discovery requests that implicate intimate and even incriminating details. The early history of discovery rules in the federal system shows no intent that parties to a civil lawsuit waive any privacy rights they might otherwise possess. Rather, the breadth of discovery--intended to prevent secrecy before trial--resulted from grafting equity procedures onto legal claims without retaining equitable guardrails. As technology changed the discovery landscape from designated paper documents to broad categories of electronic databases, broad disclosure became akin to a constitutional right. While digital invasions of privacy were a primary issue for legislative protection and Fourth Amendment concern, no concomitant change occurred in the discovery rules. Instead, courts protected against discovery into private matters by reference to persuasive privacy laws and by use of protective orders, which are increasingly ineffective. This Article proposes a revision to the civil discovery rules that would give explicit protection to information when it is subject to a reasonable expectation of privacy. The revolution initiated by the broad discovery rules did not result in transparency and justice but instead provided tools for abuse. Simply because sensitive information housed in a database or on the cloud is potentially relevant to broad issues in litigation does not mean that it should be presumptively discoverable. Instead, courts should require production only based on a showing of substantial need. Given the erosion of constitutional protection in Dobbs and its intimations for other rights, the legal system must prevent the use of broad discovery to harass, embarrass, and deter access to the courts.

Pain is a common complaint among a spectrum of diseases. Although an ideal objective method of pain assessment is lacking, several validated tools are available for use in clinical research and practice. The tool considerations are based upon the parameters to be assessed and factors specific to patient, disease, and availability of instruments. This review classifies and brings the key aspects of currently available pain assessment tools on a single platform to ease the selection process for researchers/practitioners. The tools utilized for pain assessment were collected from articles available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases and classified into the following domains: unidimensional, multi-dimensional, investigation-based, and computerized algorithm-based tools. Their purpose of use and limitations are reviewed. The unidimensional scales are used to describe only the characteristics of pain, like intensity (e.g. numerical rating scale), type (e.g. neuropathic pain questionnaire), or pattern. In contrast, multi-dimensional tools, like Mc Gill Questionnaire, assess not only pain as an individual symptom but also its influence on physical functioning and general well-being. However, certain components like ethnicity, age, cognitive impairment, sedation, and emotion become a limiting factor in selecting the scale. In addition to these scales, a potential role of parameters such as biopotentials/markers has also been shown in pain assessment. Last, artificial intelligence is also being applied in evaluation of pain. Pain measurement is subjective in nature as assessed through questionnaires and observational tools. Currently, multi-dimensional approaches of pain assessment are available, which can lead to precision pain management. Keywords: Multi-dimensional, pain assessment tool, precision pain management, special population, unidimensional, Author(s): Sarangi S Chandra (corresponding author) [1]; Gupta Pooja [1]; Makkar T Kaur [1]; Dodamani Ramesh [2] Key Message: Pain assessment methods are evolving and it ranges from simple unidimensional [...]

Polystyrene (PS) finds diverse applications across various fields, often necessitating a hydrophilic PS surface. In this study, the PS films were prepared using PS-toluene solutions of 15, 20, and 25 mass percentage concentrations (% w/v). Here, the main focus is on the influence of concentration on the hydrophilization of the prepared PS thin films under atmospheric pressure air dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment. The contact angle, surface energy measurements, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were conducted to evaluate the PS surface properties. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the significant role of concentration in altering surface properties; the lower concentration of PS films leads to the most hydrophilic surface. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirms an increase in the OH functional group on the PS surface, atomic force microscopy analysis reveals needle-shaped surface morphology, increased roughness and an expanded effective surface area. Surface energy analysis confirms an increase in the polar sector of surface energy. Overall, the findings from this research underscore the increase in film hydrophilicity with a decrease in PS-toluene concentration. Highlights * Polystyrene (PS)-toluene solutions with different concentrations were prepared. * PS-toluene films were spin-coated and were been treated with dielectric barrier discharge plasma. * The contact angle, surface energy measurements, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were conducted. * PS films with lower concentration have more impact from plasma treatment. * Concentration, impact the hydrophilicity and roughness of treated PS films. KEYWORDS contact angle, DBD plasma, hydrophilicity, plasma treatment, polystyrene, surface energy, surface modification, 1 | INTRODUCTION In recent years, polymers have gained considerable attention in various fields, especially in medical devices applications. (1) Within this context, achieving a satisfactory level of biocompatibility in [...]

In the field of nanotechnology, rotary jet spinning technology has garnered attention due to its unique advantages in fabricating composite nanofibers. The composite nanofibers prepared using this technology exhibit exceptional purity, uniformity, and consistency, thereby enhancing reliability and controllability in practical applications. During the process of rotary jet spinning, the spinning solution flows into the nozzle and converges at a micro-triangle under the combined influence of centrifugal force, viscous force, surface tension, and gravity. Stepped jet refers to the flow phenomenon occurring within a channel with a gradually decreasing cross-sectional area. In this process, an increase in the flow velocity of the composite spinning solution aids in stabilizing stretching at the micro-triangle which is crucial for forming continuous jets. This article analyzes cone formation mechanisms for composite spinning solutions and stepped jet principles while establishing corresponding models that reflect relationships between solution velocity magnitude and parameters such as rotational speed, concentration, and nozzle diameter. Finally, polyethylene oxide (PEO)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composite nanofibers were prepared using a rotary jet spinning device where experimental investigation focused on examining how parameters such as rotational speed, solution concentration, and nozzle diameter impact motion of spinning solution within micro-triangle. Highlights * Preparation of PEO/PVP composite nanofibers by rotary jet spinning. * Presentation of cone formation mechanisms for composite solutions. * The stepped injection principle was proposed. * Modeling of composite solution motion. * Rotational speed, solution concentration, and nozzle diameter impact motion. KEYWORDS composite nanofiber, micro-triangle, rotating jet spinning, stepped jet, 1 | INTRODUCTION Nanofibers, as a type of nanomaterial, exhibit immense potential for diverse applications and have garnered extensive attention owing to their distinctive structure and exceptional performance. (1) Nanofibers [...]

This article explores the development of the #ArewaMeToo movement in Northern Nigeria. The study is contextualized within the theory of transnational feminism to argue that digital practices among non-Western women are more than merely a technological advancement and are significantly attuned to the socio-political climate of their societies. Therefore, as the #MeToo movement which began in the West goes global, women in Northern Nigerian have found a space to effect social change by resisting socio-cultural practices that challenge their social agency. Using the interview method, we articulate the uniqueness of #ArewaMeToo as a movement that is rooted in specific sociocultural challenges of Nigerian society. We also contend that ethnographic studies produce robust data to understand cultural specificity and enable solutions to address the problems raised by the movement. Keywords: #ArewaMeToo, Northern Nigeria, Sexual violence, Women, Digital feminism, Introduction With the advent of the global #MeToo movement that started in the United States in 2017, many women across the world have localized the protest to address similar problems [...]

Weather variations have posed enormous barriers to water resources, availability of food, human health, infrastructure, and natural environment. These phenomena underscore the need for climate smart practices in South Africa. The study examined in context, the socio-economic determinants, and acceptance of climate smart agriculture practices in Mzinti, Nkomazi Local Municipality South Africa. From a known population of 455 farmers, 212 samples were selected for the survey and considered realistic for the study. This survey comprised questions that were clear, unbiased, and relevant to the research questions. Enumerators were further briefed on the study objectives and the importance of consistent and ethical data collection. The team comprised of four primary data enumerators. A pilot survey with 20 randomly selected smallholder farmers was undertaken to identify and address any questionnaire that may be ambiguous. Based on this pilot, minor revisions were made to improve the questionnaire and ensure accurate reflection of intended variables, thus enhancing the reliability of the data collection instrument. A randomized sampling method was employed to select respondents who participated in the study. This allowed every participant to have a fair chance of being chosen. The study used the structured questionnaire, and the field survey was done between the month of April 2023 and July 2023. Descriptive statistics: frequency count, tables, and percentages, were used to explain the socio-economic determinants for acceptance of climate smart agriculture practices. The hypothesized variables were assessed using the binary logistic regression to determine the correlation between the socio-demographic characteristics and dependent variables. The result revealed that age (p< 0.007), crop yield (p Key words: Climate, acceptance, smart practices, determinants, environment, farmers, agriculture, education, INTRODUCTION Africa is considered one of the continents with food insecurity primarily due to its reliance on agriculture for sustenance [1]. As a result, many governments emphasize the need to [...]

Numerous changes to information technology and media consumption over the last 2 decades have facilitated a fundamental shift in how people receive information, including weather forecasts. Historically, weather information was generally vetted through experts (often broadcast meteorologists) to members of the public in a relatively top-down system. Now, with the availability of internet websites, phone applications, and social media, people have an increasingly diverse set of sources from which to get weather forecasts. In this piece, we present results from CONUS-wide surveys that show this diversification of weather sources for nonroutine weather events. While older respondents still tend to get weather information from television, younger respondents are increasingly reliant on less traditional sources, including phone notifications, internet websites, social media, and family and friends. This shift to nontraditional sources means that a more diverse set of actors will have the opportunity to provide weather information to users, which could impact the quality, reliability, and accessibility of the weather information in the future. KEYWORDS: Social Science; Communications/ decision making, 1. Introduction Weather influences our daily lives. From minor choices (like deciding to wear a coat) to more significant choices (like cancelling sporting events and concerts), almost everyone relies on [...]

PURPOSE We undertook a trial to test the efficacy of a technology-assisted health coaching intervention for weight management, called Goals for Eating and Moving (GEM), within primary care. METHODS This cluster-randomized controlled trial enrolled 19 primary care teams with 63 clinicians; 9 teams were randomized to GEM and 10 to enhanced usual care (EUC). The GEM intervention included 1 in-person and up to 12 telephone-delivered coaching sessions. Coaches supported goal setting and engagement with weight management programs, facilitated by a software tool. Patients in the EUC arm received educational handouts. We enrolled patients who spoke English or Spanish, were aged 18 to 69 years, and either were overweight (body mass index 25-29 kg/[m.sup.2]) with a weight-related comorbidity or had obesity (body mass index [greater than or equal to] 30 kg/[m.sup.2]). The primary outcome (weight change at 12 months) and exploratory outcomes (eg, program attendance, diet, physical activity) were analyzed according to intention to treat. RESULTS We enrolled 489 patients (220 in the GEM arm, 269 in the EUC arm). Their mean (SD) age was 49.8 (12.1) years; 44% were male, 41% Hispanic, and 44% non- Hispanic Black. At 12 months, the mean adjusted weight change (standard error) was -1.4 (0.8) kg in the GEM arm vs -0.8 (1.6) kg in the EUC arm, a nonsignificant difference (P =.48). There were no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes. Exploratory analyses showed that the GEM arm had a greater change than the EUC arm in mean number of weekly minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity other than walking, a finding that may warrant further exploration. CONCLUSIONS The GEM intervention did not achieve clinically important weight loss in primary care. Although this was a negative study possibly affected by health system resource limitations and disruptions, its findings can guide the development of similar interventions. Future studies could explore the efficacy of higher-intensity interventions and interventions that include medication and bariatric surgery options, in addition to lifestyle modification. Key words: obesity; overweight; comorbidity; health coaching; motivation; self-management; primary care; lifestyle; goal setting; diet; weight loss; physical activity; veterans; ethnic and racial minorities; vulnerable populations; barriers; practice-based research; health informatics, https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.3150 INTRODUCTION Obesity is a serious global public health problem. (1,2) Veterans and racial and ethnic minority groups experience considerable disparities in obesity rates (2-4) and are thus at higher [...]

PURPOSE The impact of digital health on medically underserved patients is unclear. This study aimed to determine the early impact of a digital innovation to grow quality care through an interprofessional care team (DIG IT) on the blood pressure (BP) and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score of medically underserved patients. METHODS This was a 3-month, prospective intervention study that included patients aged 40 years or more with BP of 140/90 mmHg or higher who received care from DIG IT from August through December 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical outcomes of DIG IT were compared with historical controls (controls) whose data were randomly extracted by the University of California Data Warehouse and matched 1:1 based on age, ethnicity, and baseline BP of the DIG IT arm. Multiple linear regression was performed to adjust for potential confounding factors. RESULTS A total of 140 patients (70 DIG IT, 70 controls) were included. Both arms were similar with an average age (SD) of 62.8 (9.7) years. The population was dominated by Latinx (79.3%) persons, with baseline mean BP of 163/81 mmHg, and mean ASCVD risk score of 23.9%. The mean (SD) reduction in systolic BP at 3 months in the DIG IT arm was twice that of the controls (30.8 [17.3] mmHg vs 15.2 [21.2] mmHg; P CONCLUSIONS The DIG IT was more effective than controls (receiving usual care). Twofold improvement in the BP readings and ASCVD scores in medically underserved patients were achieved with DIG IT. Key words: digital health; hypertension; patient care team; vulnerable population, https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.3151 INTRODUCTION Medically underserved populations are 40% more likely to have hypertension and 3 times more likely to die from heart diseases due to uncontrolled high blood pressure (BP). (1,2) [...]

Health-care technology is central to boosting the productivity and quality of health-care systems. In many sub- Saharan African countries, however, medical device management systems are weak or absent. The aim of this article is to illustrate, using a case study, how policy reforms can help ensure policy on health-care technology is translated into everyday practice and how an integrated systems approach can enhance the operation of medical device management. Between 2011 and 2023, a plan to improve medical device management systems in the United Republic of Tanzania was developed and implemented through Swiss-Tanzanian cooperation within the Health Promotion and System Strengthening Project. The availability of biomedical engineers was increased through new training courses and the creation of permanent positions in government. Moreover, additional district and regional maintenance and repair workshops were built, and a National Centre for Calibration and Training was established to ensure the correct functioning of medical devices. The introduction of an electronic medical device management system provided health facilities and the health ministry with data on the operational status of medical devices and the need for repairs and spare parts. Every level of government was encouraged to allocate more human and financial resources to medical device management. Following this decade-long effort, the percentage of functioning equipment increased substantially, and costs were reduced by repairing rather than replacing equipment. The project also demonstrated the value of an integrated, system-strengthening approach that considered personnel, maintenance and repair facilities, documentation and management, and government policy and budgeting. Les technologies jouent un role crucial dans le renforcement de la productivite et de la qualite des systemes de sante. Pourtant, dans de nombreux pays d&apos;Afrique subsaharienne, les systemes de gestion des dispositifs medicaux sont limites, voire inexistants. Cet article a pour but d&apos;illustrer, au moyen d&apos;une etude de cas, comment les reformes peuvent contribuer a faire en sorte que les politiques en matiere de technologies sanitaires soient appliquees au quotidien, et comment une approche integree peut ameliorer la gestion des dispositifs medicaux. Entre 2011 et 2023, un plan visant a developper les systemes de gestion des dispositifs medicaux en Republique-Unie de Tanzanie a ete defini et mis en reuvre en collaboration avec la Suisse, dans le cadre du Projet de Promotion et de Renforcement du Systeme de Sante. De nouvelles formations et la creation de postes permanents au sein du gouvernement ont permis d&apos;accroitre la disponibilite des ingenieurs biomedicaux. En outre, des ateliers supplementaires d&apos;entretien et de reparation ont ete construits dans differentes regions et districts, tandis qu&apos;un Centre National d&apos;Etalonnage et de Formation a ouvert ses portes pour assurer le bon fonctionnement des dispositifs medicaux. Lintroduction d&apos;un systeme electronique de gestion des dispositifs medicaux a fourni aux etablissements de soins de sante et au Ministere de la Sante des donnees concernant le statut operationnel de ces dispositifs, ainsi que les reparations et pieces detachees requises. Chaque niveau de pouvoir a ete encourage a attribuer davantage de ressources humaines et financieres a la gestion des dispositifs medicaux. Au terme de dix ans d&apos;efforts, le pourcentage d&apos;equipements en etat de marche a considerablement augmente et les couts ont diminue grace au recours a la reparation plutot qu&apos;au remplacement. Le projet a egalement demontre l&apos;importance d&apos;une approche integree, qui consiste a renforcer le systeme en tenant compte du personnel, de l&apos;entretien et des installations de reparation, de la documentation et de la gestion, mais aussi de la politique gouvernementale et du budget. La tecnologia aplicada a la atencion sanitaria es fundamental para impulsar la productividad y la calidad de los sistemas sanitarios. Sin embargo, en muchos paises del Africa subsahariana los sistemas de gestion de los productos sanitarios son deficientes o inexistentes. El objetivo de este articulo es ilustrar, mediante un estudio de caso, como las reformas politicas pueden ayudar a garantizar que la politica sobre tecnologia de la atencion sanitaria se convierta en una practica cotidiana y como un enfoque de sistemas integrados puede mejorar el funcionamiento de la gestion de los productos sanitarios. Entre 2011 y 2023, se elaboro un plan para mejorar los sistemas de gestion de los productos sanitarios en la Republica Unida de Tanzania, que se implemento a traves de la cooperacion suizo-tanzana en el marco del Proyecto de Promocion de la Salud y Fortalecimiento del Sistema. Se aumento la disponibilidad de ingenieros biomedicos mediante nuevos cursos de formacion y la creacion de puestos permanentes en el gobierno. Ademas, se construyeron talleres de mantenimiento y reparacion adicionales de distrito y regionales, y se establecio un Centro Nacional de Calibracion y Formacion para garantizar el correcto funcionamiento de los productos sanitarios. La introduccion de un sistema electronico de gestion de productos sanitarios proporciono a los centros sanitarios y al Ministerio de Sanidad datos sobre el estado operativo de los productos sanitarios y la necesidad de reparaciones y piezas de repuesto. Se animo a todos los niveles de gobierno a asignar mas recursos humanos y financieros a la gestion de los productos sanitarios. Tras este esfuerzo de una decada, el porcentaje de equipos en funcionamiento aumento notablemente y los costes se redujeron al reparar los equipos en lugar de sustituirlos. El proyecto tambien demostro el valor de un enfoque integrado de refuerzo del sistema que tenia en cuenta el personal, las instalaciones de mantenimiento y reparacion, la documentacion y la gestion, y la politica y los presupuestos gubernamentales., Introduction Health-care technology includes medical devices, procedures and systems, as well as medicines and vaccines, and involves the application of organized knowledge and skills. (1-3) Such technology plays a crucial [...]

On February 24, 2022, Russia forces launched an armed attack against Ukraine (1), escalating the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian conflict that began in 2014 when Russia annexed Crimea and resulting in one [...]

Additive manufacturing (AM) has transformed the manufacturing landscape exponentially. The process begins with creating a digital model using computer-aided design (CAD), slicing it into thin layers, and converting these layers [...]