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The purpose of this qualitative research was to describe teachers’ experiences in a technology-mediated teaching context during the COVID-19 pandemic. We mainly focused on teachers’ experiences with technology use (change and variety of the use) and their willingness to use technology in teaching. We designed an interview-based study. The participants were Estonian science teachers who voluntarily agreed to share their experiences about teaching in new and—for most of them—unexpected, distanced learning conditions. Based on teachers’ reflections on technology use we could distinguish between three groups in which teachers described different levels of willingness to use technology, change in technology use from pre-COVID to distanced learning, and variety in the use of technology. Our results revealed that the higher teachers’ perceived willingness to use technology, the easier it was for them to overcome potential obstacles and cope with the unexpected distanced learning. The main obstacles there were grouped as external (e.g., issues with internet connection, lack of students’ digital skills) and internal (e.g., teachers’ beliefs about technology use for teaching). I was observed that some obstacles were shared by all teachers (such as limitations on students’ digital skills) whereas others where more prevalent in separate groups. This highlights the importance of understanding and considering the variability in the possible obstacles that emerge in using technology in education for teachers with different levels of experience.

In response to the impending spread of COVID-19, universities worldwide abruptly stopped face-to-face teaching and switched to technology-mediated teaching. As a result, the use of technology in the learning processes of students of different disciplines became essential and the only way to teach, communicate and collaborate for months. In this crisis context, we conducted a longitudinal study in four German universities, in which we collected a total of 875 responses from students of information systems and music and arts at four points in time during the spring–summer 2020 semester. Our study focused on (1) the students’ acceptance of technology-mediated learning, (2) any change in this acceptance during the semester and (3) the differences in acceptance between the two disciplines. We applied the Technology Acceptance Model and were able to validate it for the extreme situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. We extended the model with three new variables (time flexibility, learning flexibility and social isolation) that influenced the construct of perceived usefulness. Furthermore, we detected differences between the disciplines and over time. In this paper, we present and discuss our study’s results and derive short- and long-term implications for science and practice.

A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão abordado considera o Projeto Ensino Médio com Mediação Tecnológica (PEMMT) na Coordenadoria Regional de Educação (CRE) de Vilhena em Rondônia. O estudo investiga a seguinte questão norteadora: “Quais ações podem ser tomadas para favorecer o acompanhamento e o monitoramento do Projeto Ensino Médio com Mediação tecnológica na Coordenadoria Regional de Educação de Vilhena?” A partir da questão exposta, delimitou-se como objetivo geral descrever e analisar a proposta do PEMMT em Rondônia de modo a propor ações, por meio de um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE), de melhorias para o desenvolvimento do Projeto. Para fundamentar as análises, a pesquisa baseou-se na abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa por meio de um Estudo de caso realizado a partir de análise documental, bibliográfica e coleta de dados pelo instrumento de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise documental, realizada a partir de documentos oficiais, fundamentou o descritivo do contexto de implementação do Projeto no estado; a bibliográfica embasou as reflexões teóricas que subsidiaram a análise dos dados e proposição das ações de intervenção. O foco central da pesquisa voltou-se para os elementos que norteiam as ações de acompanhamento e monitoramento no contexto estrutural e pedagógico no que se refere à execução do PEMMT. As entrevistas foram realizadas com gestores das escolas sede, supervisores escolares, também das escolas sede, com professores presenciais e alunos. O referencial teórico utilizado para reflexão embasou-se em autores como: Arcanjo (2015), Costa (2015), Gomes (2005), Kenski (2003), Litto e Formiga (2009), Moran, Masetto e Behrens (2000), Morgado (2001), Serrão (2016), Mainardes (2006), Lück (2013), Ferreira (2016), Velho (1978), Fraser e Gondim (2004) e Boni e Quaresma (2005). Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram três fragilidades que foram elencadas como principais: i) Reorganização do Monitoramento in loco; ii) Estruturação documental de devolutivas dos monitoramentos realizados in loco e online; iii) Fortalecimento das ações de formação continuada individual e coletiva. Portanto, são essas as fragilidades que compõem o PAE e são seguidas de competências de nível macro para as quais se elencou sugestões para a Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Rondônia. The present dissertation was developed into the Professional Master in Management and Evaluation of Education (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policies and Education Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The case of management considers the Project High School with Technological Mediation (PEMMT) in the Regional Education Coordination (CRE) of Vilhena in Rondônia. The study investigates the following guiding question: "What actions can be taken to favor the follow-up and monitoring of the High School Project with Technological Mediation in the Regional Education Coordination of Vilhena?" Based on this question, it was defined the general objective to describe and to analyze the proposal of the PEMMT in Rondônia in order to propose actions, through an Educational Action Plan (PAE), of improvements for the development of the Project. Thus, the research was based on the qualitative approach of research through a case study made from documentary, bibliographic analysis and data collection of semi-structured interviews. The documentary analysis, based on official documents, emphasized the descriptive context of implementation of the Project in the state; the literature analyzed took theoretical reflections that subsidized the analysis of the data and proposition of the intervention actions. The central focus of the research turned to the elements that guided the follow-up and monitoring actions in the structural and pedagogical context regarding the implementation of the PEMMT. The interviews were made with managers from the host schools, school supervisors, also from the host schools, with classroom teachers and students. The theoretical reference used for reflection was based on authors such as Arcanjo (2015), Costa (2015), Gomes (2005), Kenski (2003), Litto and Formiga (2009), Moran, Masetto and Behrens (2005), Serrão (2016), Mainardes (2006), Lück (2013), Ferreira (2016), Velho (1978), Fraser and Gondim (2004) and Boni and Quaresma (2005). The results of the research indicated three main fragilities : i) Reorganization of the Monitoring in loco; ii) Documentary structuring of returns in loco and online ; iii) Strengthening of individual and collective continuing education actions. These are the weaknesses that make up the PAE and are followed by macro-level competences for which suggestions were submitted to the State Secretariat of Education of Rondônia.

A presente dissertação é desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão estudado tem a seguinte questão norteadora: quais ações podem ser adotadas para melhorar o trabalho do Assessor Pedagógico junto aos Professores Ministrantes e Presenciais do Ensino Médio Presencial com Mediação Tecnológica? A hipótese defendida é de que há uma ocupação do tempo do Assessor Pedagógico com atividades que não fazem parte de suas atribuições, o que gera sobrecarga de trabalho em demandas sem cunho pedagógico. Ademais, os problemas relacionados ao fluxo de produção de aulas também configuram um entrave para a atuação do Assessor Pedagógico. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar as dificuldades do trabalho do Assessor Pedagógico junto aos Professores Ministrantes e Presenciais no Ensino Médio Presencial com Mediação Tecnológica (EMPMT) e propor ações para melhorar a parceria entre esses profissionais. Os objetivos específicos são: i) descrever a atuação do Assessor Pedagógico junto ao Professor Ministrante e ao Professor Presencial; ii) analisar as dificuldades na interação entre Assessoria Pedagógica, Coordenação Adjunta Pedagógica, Professores Ministrantes e Professores Presenciais; iii) propor ações que melhorem a parceria de trabalho desses profissionais. Para a análise do caso de gestão, a pesquisa usou metodologia qualitativa, análise de documentos, e a realização de entrevistas e aplicação de questionários para a coleta de dados. As entrevistas foram realizadas com a equipe de Assessoria Pedagógica do Ensino Médio do Centro de Mídias de Educação do Amazonas (CEMEAM) e com o Coordenador Local de Manacapuru. O questionário foi aplicado aos Professores Ministrantes e aos Professores Presenciais do 1º ano do Ensino Médio. Para fundamentação teórica foram utilizadas as reflexões de autores como Masetto (2003), Demo (2006), Maia (2010), Campos (2011), Kenski (2012), Moran (2012), Fava (2014), Costa (2015) e Souza (2016), pois abordam as especificidades da Educação à Distância. Também foram importantes as reflexões de Lück (2004), Libâneo (2010) e Moran (2014) para refletir sobre a atuação do Pedagogo. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam duas problemáticas centrais: i) a dificuldade na formação dos Professores Presenciais para o desempenho de suas atribuições técnicas e pedagógicas; ii) a necessidade de acompanhamento, monitoramento e avaliação dos fluxos de comunicação interna e externa no CEMEAM. A partir dessas constatações, com intuito de minimizar essas dificuldades, foram propostas as seguintes ações de intervenção: Proposta de Curso de Formação do Coordenador Local do EPMT; Implementação do acompanhamento, monitoramento e avaliação dos fluxos de comunicação interna e externa do CEMEAM. The present dissertation is developed within the Professional Master in Management and Evaluation of Education (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policies and Education Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The management case studied has the following guiding question: what actions can be adopetd to improve the work of the Pedagogical Advisor beside the Teaching Ministers and Presential of Preschool with Technological Mediation? The hypothesis defended is that there is an occupation of the time of the Pedagogical Advisor with activities that are not part of his assignments, which generates overload of work in demands without pedagogical nature. In addition, the problems related to the flow of class production also constitute an obstacle for the performance of the Pedagogical Advisor. Thus, the general objective of this study is to analyze the difficulties of the Pedagogical Advisor's work beside the Teaching Ministers and Presential in Preschool with Technological Mediation (EMPMT) and propose actions to improve the partnership among these professionals. The specific objectives are: i) to describe the performance of the Pedagogical Advisor with the ministering and Presencial Teachers; ii) analyze the difficulties in the interaction between Pedagogical Counseling, Pedagogical Assistant Coordination, Teaching Ministers and Presential Teachers; iii) propose actions that improve the working partnership of these professionals. For the analysis of the management case, the research used a qualitative methodology, document analysis, and the accomplishment of interviews and application of questionnaires for the data collection. The interviews were carried out with the Pedagogical Advisory Team of the High School of the Media Center of Education of Amazonas (CEMEAM) and with the Local Coordinator of Manacapuru. The questionnaire was applied to Teaching Ministers and Presential Teachers of the 1st year of Teaching. For the theoretical basis, the reflections of authors such as Masetto (2003), Demo (2006), Maia (2010), Campos (2011), Kenski (2012), Moran (2012), Fava (2014), Costa (2015) e Souza (2016), since they approach the specifics of Distance Education. Also important were the reflections of Lück (2004), Libâneo (2010) e Moran (2014), to reflect on the performance of the Pedagogue. The results of the research point to two central problems: i) the difficulty in the formation of Presential Teachers for the performance of their technical and pedagogical attributions; ii) the need to monitor, monitor and evaluate internal and external communication flows in CEMEAM. Based on these findings, in order to minimize these difficulties, the following intervention actions were proposed: Proposed Training Course of the EPMT Local Coordinator; Implementation of monitoring, monitoring and evaluation of CEMEAM internal and external communication flows.