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This paper reexamines the relation between minimum wages and labor market outcomes for teenagers in the US. Economic theory suggests that real minimum wages drive labor market outcomes. Instead of the commonly used nominal minimum wages, we therefore use real minimum wages to examine this relation. Increasing real minimum wages are associated with a reduction in teen employment and working hours. The correlation with real hourly wages of teenagers is positive. These results are robust to the choice of the control group, whether we compare labor market outcomes in the respective state to all other states or to spatially close states, only. This strongly suggests that interpreting nominal minimum wage changes as minimum wage shocks is not a valid identification strategy.

The theoretical literature argues that labor markets outcomes are affected by real minimum wages. Real minimum wages, however, co-move with the business cycle; their correlation with labor market outcomes should therefore not be interpreted causally. We employ structural vector autoregression to distinguish between endogenous variation in real minimum wages, e.g. due to changes in the stance of the business cycle, and exogenous shocks. Impulse responses show that in the US, real minimum wage shocks increased teen wages and lowered employment and working hours of teenagers.