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Copyright of Studia Iuridica Toruniensia is the property of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Law & Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the legal scope of communication privacy in the telecommunication services and territorial application in Japan and the EU. Both face similar regulatory challenges regarding how to ensure a level playing field between incumbent services and emerging ones, and how to protect communication privacy in Over-The-Top (OTT) services. A difference between Japan's and the EU's current legislation is that Japan's regulatory framework has the issue of extraterritorial application, whereas the issue in the EU is the scope of regulatory services and territory. The EU has proposed a revision of law to address the issue, whereas Japan has not taken any measures, despite an increase in the number of people using OTT services and accompanying demand for ensuring protection of online privacy. A possible remedy for the Japanese statute is to add services originating from foreign companies to a regulatory category in Japan's already existing Telecommunication Business Act which requires operators to comply with communication privacy. Although domestic law generally has effects only within a nation, there is a clause in the Act on the Protection of Personal Information to apply regulations even to foreign countries' business entities. I argue that such measures should be incorporated into Japan's Telecommunication Business Act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cases specified in Article 206 par. 2 of the Act on the Telecommunications Law, telecom- munications entrepreneurs have the right to appeal to the Court of Competition and Con- sumer Protection in Warszawa. All provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, including Ar¬ticle 316 of the CCP, apply to the CCCP procedure. Article 316 of the CCP concerns one of the basic issues of civil procedure, i.e. basis for judgement. However, the application thereof in telecommunications cases provokes certain reflections which lead to the conclusion in compliance with which Article 316 of the CCP is applicable in telecommunications cases when the specificity of these cases is taken into account, especially the fact that the CCCP procedure is supervisory in nature and checks the regulatory activities of the President of the Office of Electronic Communications. The paper analyses judicial decisions of ordinary courts and the Supreme Court in telecommunications cases, as well as social security and energy regulation cases, which due to the major similarities of appeals against decisions is- sued by ZUS and the President of ERO, and appeals against decisions issued by the President of the OEC, may be per analogiam applied to telecommunication cases.

Abstract This is the latest edition of the DLA Piper column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies legal requirements across the European Union to implement technical and organizational capabilities to intercept and deliver content data to law enforcement authorities, arguing that a fragmentation of rules across EU Member States imposes market access barriers upon telecommunications providers. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness about discrepancy of lawful interception rules across the EU, which causes legal uncertainty and places burdensome requirements upon regulated entities such as OTT but also IoT connectivity and satellite service providers. The paper further argues that the EU has competencies to legislate on harmonization of lawful interception capability rules by specifying what types of telecommunications providers can be subject to those rules, address types of capabilities, determine whether Member States should be responsible to reimburse telecommunications providers with incurred costs; and finally, regulate on the ability to share or outsource capabilities with other providers or third-party vendors. The author doesn't address human rights or privacy considerations associated with exercising lawful interception, nor grounds on which lawful interception can be requested under national law, nor evidential admissibility of intercepted data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the latest edition of the DLA Piper column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is difficult to find a more appropriate introduction than the words of this song in the attempt to assess what IT Law could look like in the UK at the time (whenever that may be 1 1 The recent and highly controversial case of R v. Secretary of State [2016] EWHC 2768 (Admin) illustrates well some of the complex issues that may arise in the field. Although primarily concerned with the question whether the move (under the often quoted Article 50) to leave the EU requires Parliamentary approval, the case c ) when its exit from the EU might be concluded. Speculation is normally more in the realm of futurists than in that of a lawyer whose profession traditionally values qualities such as stability and predictability. These are not normal times and it may be helpful to consider some of the issues and topics that will require to be addressed in the near future. It is not the purpose of the article to repeat the arguments for and against UK membership of the EU. It seeks, rather, to highlight some of the issues that will inevitably arise following what has been described as the largest demerger in history – with what has been described as the world's 5th largest economy 2 2 It has been suggested that the UK's economy has slipped to 6th place following the referendum. seeking to disengage itself from the world's largest trading block. It is difficult to imagine that there has ever been such a legislative challenge. The information sector is an increasingly important part of the national economy and consideration of some of the issues affecting it makes for an interesting case study. This article will focus on four legal topics; data protection, e-commerce, intellectual property and telecommunications. This is by no means an exhaustive list of the issues, even in the IT sector, that need to be addressed, but may serve to highlight some of the key points that will be required for consideration by legislators and to indicate also the scale of the task facing them. In some cases, the quest to seek answers will lie within the control of the UK legislature and government but other issues may be more difficult to resolve independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the latest edition of the DLA Piper column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarizes recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As nations expand the telecommunications interception and access powers of their law enforcement agencies to address heightened threats to national security and accelerating technological convergence, the proper application of the proportionality principle is becoming an increasingly contentious issue. The ‘proportionality principle’ in telecommunications law mandates the weighing of a likely threat to public security against the potential violation of individual rights so as to ensure that the intrusive impact of a particular interception and access activity is reasonable proportionate to the potential outcome sought. The reform discourse of recent years has largely focused on expanding investigative powers, to the possible detriment of the protection of individual rights. Whilst the present environment makes such a focus wholly understandable, the present paper considers potential legislative and policy measures that could strengthen the proportionality principle in the telecommunications regulatory framework to support a more precise calibration of the relevant competing public and private interests. As Australia has recently undertaken a comprehensive review of its telecommunications access and interception laws, commencing with a 2013 referral to its Senate Committee and culminating in a 2015 law reform report, the article focuses on that nation’s experience. The analysis is, however, placed within an overarching public policy framework to ensure that the discussion is of relevance to nations around the world who are similarly engaged in telecommunications law reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

由於網際網路與數位科技的快速發展，數位匯流已經成為通訊傳播產業發展的主要潮流。數位匯流在技術上代表著不同數位產品間的功能整合；在產業面，則象徵著不同通訊傳播產業間的垂直整合。就管制面而言，數位匯流顛覆了原本以傳輸技術為區分基礎的通訊管制體系，並引發論者關於多媒體事業濫用市場力的疑慮。我國甫通過通訊傳播基本法及國家通訊傳播委員會組織法，並於今年成立國家通訊傳播委員會，以因應數位匯流的挑戰。 本文除討論國家通訊傳播委員會未來可能面對的管制挑戰外，並析述分層模式及技術中立原則等與數位匯流相關的管制思維。 With the advancement of the Internet and digital technologies, digital convergence has become a significant trend in the communications industry. In terms of technology, digital convergence means the integration between different digital products; it also symbolizes the vertical integration between different communications industries. Nonetheless, digital convergence has brought rigorous challenges to the existing regulatory framework, which divides up the landscape based on traditional services and technologies. Moreover, such convergence may enable businesses to further leverage their market power to neighboring markets, and, thus, lead to antitrust concerns. In order to cope with regulatory issues with regard to digital convergence, the Taiwanese government just enacted Communications Basic Law, and established the National Communications Commission (NCC). This paper not only portraits the challenges facing NCC, but also introduces some potential regulatory responses, such as layered model and technology neutrality doctrine.

This is the latest edition of the DLA Piper column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarizes recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Competition Journal / Rekabet Dergisi is the property of Turkish Competition Authority and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is the latest edition of the Bristows column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the latest edition of the Bristows column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the latest edition of the Bristows column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning, in the sixties, space law has offered legal challenges in different domains. One of them is the liability for the damages caused during space operations, subject of huge relevance taking into account the risks, the investments and the high technology typical from this kind of activities. Several provisions had led to the establishment of some ground rules; nevertheless, constant changes keep opening new areas where regulation is insufficient or even inexistent, which implies new challenges facing the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the latest edition of the Bristows column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the regular edition of the Bristows column on developments in EUlaw relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of infor-mation technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No re-sponsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the regular edition of the Bristows column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside websites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critically assesses the latest European Commission policies in relation to next-generation access investment that put focus on regulated prices and relaxing of wholesale access obligations. Pointing at the vital socio-legal and economic arguments, it further challenges the assumptions of the current EU regulatory framework and calls for a more contractual utility-based model of regulation instead of the current system that overly relies on market-driven infrastructure-based competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of consumer law to digital content contracts encounters a number of obstacles. Some of these are rather typical for digital content markets, e.g., the legal consequences of the classification of digital content as 'goods' or 'services' and, more importantly, the absence of general benchmarks to evaluate the conformity of digital content. Other problems, such as the limited usefulness of consumer information and the position of underage consumers, are not as such reserved to digital consumers, but they are amplified in the digital content markets. Moreover, particular attention is paid to the complex relationship between copyright law and consumer law. This paper explores the extent to which consumer (contract) law is fit to address the problems faced by digital consumers wishing to enjoy the benefits of digital content and examines whether the on-going initiatives at national and European level are likely to provide relief. Finally, recommendations for improvement are put forward in cases where the analysis shows that the problems identified are not or are insufficiently solved by these initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie's column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of infor-mation technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsi-bility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie's column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of infor-mation technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside websites are included where possible. No responsi-bility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Law, State & Telecommunications Review / Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunicações is the property of Grupo de Estudos em Direito das Telecomunicacoes (GETEL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie's column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie's column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie's column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Law, State & Telecommunications Review / Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunicações is the property of Grupo de Estudos em Direito das Telecomunicacoes (GETEL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie’s column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This is a summary of the Baker & McKenzie columns on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This summarises the principal developments in 2009 that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas and which were reported on in this column in 2009. It seeks also to update any further development which may have taken place in relation to the specific topics since originally reported. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside websites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie''s column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie''s column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside websites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie''s column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside websites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie''s column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside websites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie''s column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This is a summary of the Baker & McKenzie columns on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This summarises the principal developments in 2008 that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas and which were reported on in this column in 2008. It seeks also to update any further development which may have taken place in relation to the specific topics since originally reported. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Telecommunications reform is often used to resolve poor performance problems in telecommunications as well as to improve services and lower prices. When a country initiates reform, new institutions and players may be created. In a case study of telecommunications reform in Indonesia, this paper provides evidence that the performance of the telecommunications sector after reform is largely determined by how well the institutions in the reform process work, rather than depending on reform strategies such as privatization, market competition, creation of a regulatory body, or an increase in the number of players. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]