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Reactions of copper(II) sulfate with 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) and amino acids with nonpolar side chains (l-alanine (HAla), l-valine (HVal), or l-phenylalanine (HPhe)) were investigated under different solution-based and mechanochemical methods. Five new ternary coordination compounds were obtained by a solution-based synthesis and three of them additionally by the liquid-assisted mechanochemical method: {[Cu(μ-l-Ala)(H2O)(bipy)]2SO4·2H2O}n (1a·2H2O), {[Cu(μ-l-Ala)(H2O)(bipy)][Cu(l-Ala)(H2O)(bipy)]SO4·2.5H2O}n (1b·2.5H2O), {[Cu(μ-l-Val)(H2O)(bipy)][Cu(l-Val)(H2O)(bipy)]3(SO4)2·4H2O}n (2·4H2O), [Cu(l-Phe)(H2O)(bipy)][Cu(l-Phe)(SO4)(bipy)]∙8H2O (3·8H2O), and [Cu(l-Phe)(H2O)(bipy)][Cu(l-Phe)(SO4)(bipy)]∙9H2O (3·9H2O). The compounds were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and a thermal analysis. Structural studies revealed two structural types, monomeric in 3·8H2O and 3·9H2O, polymeric architectures in 1a·2H2O, and mixed structures (monomeric and polymeric) in 1b·2.5H2O and 2·4H2O. The copper(II) ion is either pentacoordinated or hexacoordinated, with an observed Jahn–Teller effect. The crystal structures are based on an intensive network of hydrogen bonds and π interactions. 1a·2H2O and 2·4H2O showed substantial in vitro antiproliferative activity toward human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and moderate activity toward human acute monocytic leukemia cell lines (THP-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new coordination compounds of copper(II) with glycine (HGly) and 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) were synthesized by solution-based and mechanochemical methods: [Cu(Gly)(H2O)(bipy)][Cu(Gly)(SO4)(bipy)] ·6H2O (1a·6H2O), [Cu(Gly)(H2O)(bipy)]2SO4 (1b), [Cu(Gly)(H2O) (bipy)]2SO4 ·H2O (1b·H2O). The amount of water in the reaction mixture influenced the product of crystallization. All compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction methods and form 1D infinite chains or 2D sheets of complex ions connected by p-interactions. Compounds 1a·6H2O and 1b were characterized by X-band electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and the values of g-tensors for Cu(II) ions were determined. Compounds 1a·6H2O and 1b showed pronounced antiproliferative activity toward a panel of six human cell lines. The most impared was HepG2 cell line at 10-5 mol dm-3 concentration (74.5 % reduction of cell growth) followed by moderate activity toward KATO III, Caco-2, MDA-MB-231, PANC-1 and MRC-5 cells at 10-4 mol dm-3 concentration of compounds 1a·6H2O and 1b. Generally, both compounds express similar antiproliferative effect on evaluated cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution-based and solid-state reactions of copper(ii) compounds, 1,10-phenanthroline and l-threonine were investigated. Eight new ternary coordination compounds were obtained:[Cu(l-Thr)(H2O)(phen)]2SO4∙10H2O (1a∙10H2O), [Cu(l-Thr)(H2O) (phen)]2SO4∙4.3H2O (1a∙4.3H2O), {[Cu(μ-l-Thr)(phen)]2SO4∙3.5H2O}n (1b∙3.5H2O), [Cu(l-Thr)(H2O)(phen)][Cu(l-Thr)(CH3OH)(phen)]SO4∙2H2O∙CH3OH (1c∙2H2O∙CH3OH), [Cu(l-Thr)(H2O)(phen)][Cu(l-Thr)(CH3OH)(phen)]SO4∙4H2O (1c∙4H2O), [Cu(l-Thr)(CH3OH)(phen)]2SO4∙H2O (1d∙H2O), [Cu(l-Thr)(H2O)(phen)][Cu(l-Thr)(CH3OH)(phen)][Cu(SO4)(l-Thr)(phen)]HSO4∙H2O∙3CH3OH (1e·H2O·3CH3OH), [Cu(l-Thr)(H2O)(phen)][Cu(l-Thr)(phen)(py)]SO4 (1f) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, l-Thr = l-threoninate, py = pyridine). X-ray crystal structure analysis of the prepared ternary coordination compounds revealed extensive hydrogen bonding and π-interactions that link complex species, anions and solvent molecules into 3D architectures. The water/methanol solvent molecules are found in pockets and/or channels in seven solvates. ESR spectra of different types of compounds were also investigated. In all measured compounds the unpaired electron of the copper(II) ion is located in the dx2-y2 orbital which is in agreement with elongated square-pyramidal geometry. Compound 1a∙10H2O showed substantial cytotoxic activity toward human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and acute monocytic leukaemia (THP-1) cell lines.

Solution-based and solid-state reactions of copper(ii) compounds, 1,10-phenanthroline and l-threonine were investigated. Eight new ternary coordination compounds were obtained: [Cu(l-Thr)(H 2 O)(phen)] 2 SO 4 ∙10H 2 O ( 1a∙10H 2 O ), [Cu(l-Thr)(H 2 O) (phen)] 2 SO 4 ∙4.3H 2 O ( 1a∙4.3H 2 O ), {[Cu( μ -l-Thr)(phen)] 2 SO 4 ∙3.5H 2 O} n ( 1b∙3.5H 2 O ), [Cu(l-Thr)(H 2 O)(phen)][Cu(l-Thr)(CH 3 OH)(phen)]SO 4 ∙2H 2 O∙CH 3 OH ( 1c∙2H 2 O∙CH 3 OH ), [Cu(l-Thr)(H 2 O)(phen)][Cu(l-Thr)(CH 3 OH)(phen)]SO 4 ∙4H 2 O ( 1c∙4H 2 O) , [Cu(l-Thr)(CH 3 OH)(phen)] 2 SO 4 ) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, l-Thr = l-threoninate, py = pyridine). X-ray crystal structure analysis of the prepared ternary coordination compounds revealed extensive hydrogen bonding and π-interactions that link complex species, anions and solvent molecules into 3D architectures. The water/methanol solvent molecules are found in pockets and/or channels in seven solvates. ESR spectra of different types of compounds were also investigated. In all measured compounds the unpaired electron of the copper(II) ion is located in the d 2 O ( 1d∙H 2 O ), [Cu(l-Thr)(H 2 O)(phen)][Cu(l-Thr)(CH 3 OH)(phen)][Cu(SO 4 )(l-Thr)(phen)]HSO 4 ∙H 2 O∙3CH 3 OH ( 1e·H 2 O·3CH 3 OH ), [Cu(l-Thr)(H 2 O)(phen)][Cu(l-Thr)(phen)(py)]SO 4 ( 1f ) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, l-Thr = l-threoninate, py = pyridine). X-ray crystal structure analysis of the prepared ternary coordination compounds revealed extensive hydrogen bonding and π-interactions that link complex species, anions and solvent molecules into 3D architectures. The water/methanol solvent molecules are found in pockets and/or channels in seven solvates. ESR spectra of different types of compounds were also investigated. In all measured compounds the unpaired electron of the copper(II) ion is located in the d x2-y2 orbital which is in agreement with elongated square-pyramidal geometry. Compound 1a∙10H 2 O showed substantial cytotoxic activity toward human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and acute monocytic leukaemia (THP-1) cell lines., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)