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The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic is showing dramatic impact across the world. Public health authorities attempt to fight against the virus while maintaining economic activity. In the face of the uncertainty derived from the virus, all the countries have adopted non-pharmaceutical interventions for limiting the mobility and maintaining social distancing. In order to support these interventions, some health authorities and governments have opted for sharing very fine-grained data related with the impact of the virus in their territories. Geographical science is playing a major role in terms of understanding how the virus spreads across regions. Location of cases allows identifying the spatial patterns traced by the virus. Understanding these patterns makes controlling the virus spread feasible, minimizes its impact in vulnerable regions, anticipates potential outbreaks, or elaborates predictive risk maps. The application of geospatial analysis to fine-grained data must be urgently adopted for optimal decision making in real and near-real time. However, some aspects related to process and map sensitive health data in emergency cases have not yet been sufficiently explored. Among them include concerns about how these datasets with sensitive information must be shown depending on aspects related to data aggregation, scaling, privacy issues, or the need to know in advance the particularities of the study area. In this paper, we introduce our experience in mapping fine-grained data related to the incidence of the COVID-19 during the first wave in the region of Galicia (NW Spain), and after that we discuss the mentioned aspects.

This paper shows the first findings of an ongoing research project on “Territorial Impact Assessment of the Italian regions territorial cohesion. Place based evidence model for the policy evaluation towards the development of green economy in inner and metropolitan peripheries”, coordinated by Maria Prezioso (Tor Vergata University, Rome) as Principal Investigator. We hereby present the results of the first two years of investigation carried out by the Research Unit number 8, located in Trieste., Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana, Series 14 Vol 2 Special Issue (2019)

Ruta del Sol, es el proyecto de construcción de carreteras piloto en el país1, buscando mejorar la comunicación y conexión del centro del territorio colombiano con la Costa Caribe, reduciendo tiempos de desplazamiento y aumentando flujos de transporte. El tramo Villeta – Puerto Salgar es trabajado en el presente documento en razón a su alto impacto territorial, generando cambios importantes en las dinámicas económicas y espaciales propias de la región, que se verán afectadas por la construcción de una nueva carretera. Palabras clave: Organización económica, cambio espacial, impacto territorial, construcción de carreteras, Ruta del Sol. Abstract: Ruta del Sol, is the pilot road construction project in the country, seeking to improve communication and connection of the center of the Colombian territory with the Caribbean Coast, reducing travel times and increasing transport flows. The Villeta - Puerto Salgar section is one worked on in this document due to its high territorial impact, generating important changes in the economic and spatial dynamics of the region, which will be affected by the construction of a new highway. Key words: Economic organization, spatial change, territorial impact, road construction, Ruta del Sol. Maestría

En este artículo se presentan diferentes procesos transitados desde la Universidad Nacional Río Cuarto en relación al camino a la integralidad. Se mencionan las acciones e historia del Consejo Social Universitario, como actor central de vinculación y articulador de las prácticas de aprendizaje, investigación y extensión, dado que deben darse de manera contextualizada e inserta en la realidad que se atraviesa. En tal sentido se avanza hacia la creación de mecanismos institucionales que den respuesta a las problemáticas, con programas institucionales. Se pretenden la integralidad, comprendida como la articulación de actores sociales y universitarios que conciben el hacer profundamente ligado al actual contexto socio-histórico. Esta propuesta se encuadra dentro de los lineamientos generales acordados en el Estatuto de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, en donde se expresa que la Universidad concibe a la extensión como otra forma de construcción de conocimiento articulado al saber científico. La extensión deberá abocarse al desarrollo del conocimiento práctico, experiencial, profesional e inductivo. Este conocimiento deberá generarse de manera local, transdisciplinarmente y tener finalidades prácticas, promoviendo la articulación y mutuo enriquecimiento de saberes., This article presents different processes run at Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto in relation to the way of integrality. History and actions of the Consejo National Universitario, como actor central de vinculacion and articulating learning practices, research and extension services are described. These interactions must occur under a context and inserted in the currying reality. In this sense, some progress its done creating institutional mechanisms able to give answers to the problems using special programs. Integrality is pretended understanding articulations of social and academical actors that conceive the tasks deeply connected in the actual social and historical contest. This purpose is framed within the general guidance agreed in the Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto Statuto where extension is seen as another form of knowledge construction interacting with the scientific practice. Extension must advocate for developing practical-experiencial-professional and inductive knowledge. This knowledge must be generated locally and transdisciplinary with practical endpoints stimulating positive interactions and enrichment the body of knowledges., Dossier: Prácticas universitarias e integralidad: escenarios y problemas actuales en diálogo con la sociedad., Especialización en Docencia Universitaria

In the modern Winter Olympics, the landscape and territorial impact of sports facilities and infrastructures, especially the transportation network required to connect the host city with the mountain venues, is a major challenging issue, matter of concern to planners. Three case studies are compared from this viewpoint, to point out common and different problems, strategies and outcomes: Turin 2006, Sochi 2014 and the plan for Krakow 2022., U modernim Zimskim olimpijskim igrama utjecaj sportskih građevina i infrastrukture na teritorij i krajolik, posebice prometne mreže potrebne za povezivanje grada domaćina sa sportskim terenima u planinama, jedan je od glavnih izazovnih problema - pitanje od posebne važnosti za planere. S planerskoga motrišta analizirana su tri sluèaja koja ukazuju na zajedničke i različite probleme, strategije i posljedice: Torino 2006., Soči 2014. i plan za Krakov 2022.

La crisis económica y social española reciente, la caída del mercado inmobiliario y el auge del turismo está provocando un resurgimiento de proyectos singulares, donde el ocio o la segunda residencia son la idea principal. En este contexto, surge un proyecto para construir un complejo de juego y ocio similar a Las Vegas, pero de menor tamaño, en una localidad próxima a Madrid. Las motivaciones políticas y económicas derivadas de la posible creación de empleo por el proyecto dejaron de lado la valoración del posible impacto territorial que tendría. La falta de información sobre las negociaciones hizo que los pocos datos cuantificables del complejo fueran apareciendo en la prensa nacional de manera parcial e intermitente. Con ellos, y a través de una comparación con los datos oficiales de consumo de otros proyectos, tratamos de hacer una aproximación a la capacidad de los ecosistemas que había exigido el complejo. Con este análisis se plantea cómo con unos números gordos sobre diferentes factores ecosistémicos se puede realizar una primera aproximación sobre la idoneidad (o no) de la adecuación de un proyecto en un territorio y cúales podrían ser los efectos desde el punto de vista de la sostenibilidad. The recent spanish economic and social crisis, the fall of the housing market and the tourism boom are causing the resurgence of singular proyects. They are usually controlled by the leisure or second home markets. In this context, the project of building a gaming and entertainment complex similar to Las Vegas, but at a smaller scale, grew in a village close to spanish the capital. Political and economic reasons arising from the job creation potential of the project, put aside the evaluation of the territorial impact. The lack of information on the negotiations made the few quantifiable data of the complex were appearing in the national press in a partial and incomplete way. With them, through a comparison with official consumption data of other projects, we tried to make an estimate of the impact to the ecosystem. This analysis considers how, with the help of some high level numbers based on different ecosystem factors, we are able to make a first estimate of the adequacy of a project and what might be the effects on the territory sustainability point of view. A crise económica e social espanhola recente, a queda do mercado imobiliário eo boom do turismo está a causar um ressurgimento do projectos singulares, onde o lazer ou a segunda residência são a idéia principal. Neste contexto, o projecto de construção de um complexo de jogos e ocio semelhante ao Las Vegas , mas em menor escala, cresceu em uma vila perto da capital. Razões políticas e económicas decorrentes do potencial de criação de emprego do projecto deixaram de lado a avaliação do impacto territorial do mesmo. A falta de informação sobre as negociações feitas poucos dados quantificáveis do complexo estavam aparecendo na imprensa nacional de forma parcial e intermitente. Com eles, através de uma comparação com os dados de consumo oficiais de outros projetos, nós tentamos fazer uma abordagem à capacidade do ecossistema que tinha exigido o projeto. Esta análise considera como, com alguns grandes números sobre diferentes fatores ecossistêmicos, somos capazes de fazer uma primeira aproximação sobre a adequação (ou não) a adequação de um projeto e quais poderiam ser os efeitos sobre o território a partir do ponto de vista da sustentabilidade.

La politique régionale de l’Union européenne s’appuie sur un certain nombre de notions-clés censées influencer les acteurs de l’aménagement et du développement des territoires aux différentes échelles de l’Union. Cet article met en perspective quelques notions majeures définies au niveau européen avec leur compréhension par des acteurs de l’aménagement en France, interrogés dans le cadre d’une enquête par entretien. Les auteurs montrent que, loin de s’inscrire exclusivement dans une logique de diffusion descendante, les notions choisies, généralement très utilisées et souvent fortement débattues, s’inscrivent dans un continuum intellectuel au sein duquel les acteurs interrogés ne distinguent guère réflexion conceptuelle et mise en œuvre pratique.; The regional policy of the European Union develops many concepts that are supposed to have an influence on the practitioners considered at different scales of the Union. This article defines some key-concepts developed at EU level and compares their definitions to the meanings given by French practitioners who where interviewed. The authors show that, far from being only a top-down dissemination process, the concepts chosen, generally very used and often strongly discussed, are placed in an intellectual continuum within which the interviewed actors do not distinguish the conceptual thinking of the implementation process.

This paper measures the impact on profitability of the geographical area where the vacation hotels of the Spanish Mediterranean are situated. It places a special emphasis on analysing the tourist districts existing in this coastal Spanish area and the extent to which the degree of business agglomeration at each destination affects hotel profit. Due to the characteristics of the service sector, and after a revision of the agglomeration literature, a ‘U’-shaped relationship is hypothesized between these two variables. With data of about 1869 hotels belonging to 113 tourist districts, results support the hypothesis and partially the theory of tourist districts. The authors wish to express their enormous gratitude for the support received from the Spanish Ministry of Industry and Competitiveness in the writing of this paper within the framework of Project TRACE2009_0200. That project had as its aim the design and implementation of a system of strategic indicators for the tourism industry in the Valencian Region of Spain.

Cet article traite des méthodes de mesure de l’impact territorial (économique, social et environnemental) d’initiatives collectives de mise en marché de produits agroalimentaires à promesse d’origine ou environnementale. Cet exercice complexe nécessite un point de référence clair et un système d’indicateurs pertinent. Nous mettons en évidence le champ de recherche actif et fécond qui s’est développé sur cette question dans les dernières années, en particulier pour évaluer les contributions des produits d’origine et bio. Nous distinguons les méthodes « objectives » des méthodes « subjectives » et présentons les résultats d’une enquête récente de type « subjectif » pour deux cas suisses. This paper focuses on methods for assessing the territorial impact (economic, social and environmental) of collective initiatives that market food products with an environmental friendly or origin claim. The exercise is tricky. A clear reference point has to be defined and a relevant set of indicators selected. We highlight that this question has led to an active and rich research corpus, which mainly deals with origin and organic products. “Objective” methods are distinguished from “subjective” methods” and the results of a recent survey of the “subjective” type on two Swiss case studies are presented.

Os cruzeiros marítimos assumem-se como uma potência mundial em constante crescimento e uma nova aposta por parte do turismo; esta situação teve grande impacto no arquipélago dos Açores, inscrito nas rotas mundiais, e que veio alterar a vivência dos seus habitantes e potencial da própria ilha. Nesta dissertação é efetuado uma análise mais centrada na ilha de São Miguel e na cidade de Ponta Delgada, com um estudo do impacto dinamizador que o terminal marítimo de cruzeiros trouxe para a cidade, tornando-a não só num ponto de passagem mas como um destino desejado. O principal objetivo deste estudo prende-se com o impacto social e económico que o terminal marítimo situado na ilha de São Miguel veio a causar e simultaneamente tentar entender quais as principais motivações no campo da hospitalidade e do crescimento dos comerciantes locais. A metodologia utilizada nesta dissertação foi construída por meio de uma estrutura linear com base na evolução dos cruzeiros marítimos até a sua concretização na cidade em questão. Para tal foi analisada literatura específica relativa à área de transportes turísticos. A segunda etapa deteve-se numa análise sobre a construção do Porto de Ponta Delgada, de forma a podermos compreender o impacto que o mesmo teve e tem na região, sendo de salientar que o porto supracitado é recente (2008) tendo a capacidade de atracagem de um único cruzeiro. No fundo o crescimento sustentado das regiões insulares advêm deste novo meio de contacto com os diversos continentes e polarizações circundantes, o seu impacto económico é notório e a sua tradução é efetuada através de registo e análise documental. Toda a cidade retém direta ou indiretamente este crescimento, desenvolvendo não só o porto mas toda a cidade, tal como a fomentação da construção de novos equipamentos de apoio e espaços públicos exteriores anexos. The maritime cruise ships take on as a worldwide potential in constantly growing and a new tourism bet; this was a situation with a huge impact in the archipelago of the Azores, registered on the worldwide routes, and that changed the living of the residents and the potential of the island. On this thesis an analysis focused on the island of São Miguel and in the city of Ponta Delgada, a study of the dynamic impact that the maritime cruise ship terminal brought to the city, making it not just as a crossing point as a desired destination. The main purpose of this study is the social and economic impact that the maritime terminal on the island of São Miguel caused and simultaneously understand which are the main motivations on the hospitality and growth field of the local market. The methodology used in this thesis was built under a linear structure based on the evolution of the maritime cruises until its concretion in the island in question. For this, specific literature related to tourists transportations was analyzed. The second stage stopped on an analysis about the construction of the Port of Ponta Delgada, in a way we could understand the impact that it had on the region, emphasizing that the aforementioned Port is recent (2008) being capable to moor only one cruise ship. Deep down, the sustained growth of the insular areas comes from this new method of contact with the various continents and surrounding polarizations, its economic impact it’s notorious and its translation it’s done trough registration and document analysis. The entire city holds directly or indirectly this growth, developing not just the Port but the whole city, just as the fomentation of the construction of new support equipments and public exterior outbuilding spaces.

Lorca es una ciudad de tamaño medio que, por su localización estratégica en el corredor Mediterráneo, ofrece diferentes oportunidades de negocio. Tradicionalmente la actividad industrial ha ocupado un lugar secundario en la economía local en relación a otros sectores productivos que han acaparado la mano de obra y la riqueza generada. A pesar de ello, resulta muy notable el impacto que las actividades industriales tienen en el espacio urbano y periurbano de Lorca, encontrando tipologías de localización muy diversas que responden a intereses empresariales y a la planificación y práctica urbanística llevada a cabo en el municipio. A sectores industriales maduros en franca decadencia, se han unido otros más modernos en fase de expansión. Como en otras ocasiones, la industria, en este momento de aguda crisis económica internacional, tampoco tiene capacidad en Lorca para absorber la mano de obra excedente de otros sectores, lo cual no satisface la imperiosa necesidad de diversificar y modernizar con nuevas alternativas el tradicional modelo económico lorquino. Lorca is a city of average size that, for his strategic location in the Mediterranean corridor, offers different opportunities of business. Traditionally the industrial activity has occupied a secondary place in the local economy in relation to other productive sectors that have monopolized the workforce and the generated wealth. In spite of it, there turns out to be very notable the impact that the industrial activities have in the urban space of Lorca, thinking types of location very diverse that they answer to managerial interests and to the planning and urban development practice carried out in the municipality. To industrial mature sectors in decadence, more modern others have joined in phase of expansion. Since in other occasions, the industry, at this moment of economic international crisis, does not also have aptitude in Lorca to absorb the excessive workforce of other sectors, which does not satisfy the imperious need to diversify and modernize with new alternatives the traditional economic local model.

This paper focuses on methods for assessing the territorial impact (economic, social and environmental) of geographical indication systems. First, in a review of methods, methodological difficulties and choices are discussed and major studies are briefly presented. We highlight that it is necessary to identify a clear reference point and a relevant set of indicators and that this question has led to an active and rich research corpus. In a second part, we present some of the results of a recent European research program, SINER-GI. We analyze the impacts of 14 case studies in a common methodology. The results show significant differences of the priorities of the stakeholders between established geographical indications and geographical indications in progress. For a first group of geographical indications in progress, which we called “enthusiasts”, the most important expected impacts are the market stabilization or increase, the value added in the region, but also the preservation of local breeds or varieties. For a second group of geographical indications in progress, that we called “socio-environmentalists”, the expectations on economic issues are less important than the social and the environmental ones. Finally, for a third group of geographical indications in progress, that we called “undecided”, we find that the highest scores are given to the expected economic impacts. We can conclude that in general, observed or expected impacts of geographical indication systems are mainly linked with economic or economic-related issues. But the review of the 14 case studies also shows that if the economic concerns are the only motives in the implementation of the GI protection schemes, there are some crucial risks.