1. Acoustic neuroma risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case-control study
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L. Montestruq, Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff, Anthony J. Swerdlow, N Yamaguchi, Maria Blettner, Joachim Schüz, Neil Pearce, Louise Nadon, Anna Lahkola, C. Johansen, Daniel Krewski, Bruce K. Armstrong, Anne-Sophie Evrard, Tore Tynes, Monika Moissonnier, J Siemiatycki, Ivano Iavarone, Anders Ahlbom, Avital Jarus-Hakak, Martine Vrijheid, M. Bernard, K. G. Blaasaas, Alistair Woodward, S. J. Hepworth, Salminen T, Isabelle Deltour, J Brown, Elisabeth Cardis, Martine Hours, Angela Chetrit, Päivi Kurttio, Patricia A. McKinney, Sigrid Lönn, Maria Feychting, Lars Klaeboe, Siegal Sadetzki, Brigitte Schlehofer, Helle Collatz Christensen, Toru Takebayashi, Interphone Study Grp, Susanna Lagorio, Anssi Auvinen, G.G. Giles, Angus Cook, M. M McBride, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Marie-Élise Parent, Kenneth Muir, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Sydney Cancer Centre and School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, School of Public Health and Hospital Research Center, Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency (BCCRC), Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority [Helsinki] (STUK), Département Transport, Santé, Sécurité (IFSTTAR/TS2), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University-Faculty of Public Health, Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, National Centre for Epidemiology Surveillance and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, The Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Armed Forces Medical Services, The Institute of Environmental Medicine [Stockholm] (IMM), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Leeds, The Health Science Research Institute, University of Warwick [Coventry], Institute of Cancer Research, Institute of cancer research, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, This work was supported by funding from the European Fifth Framework Program, ‘Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources’ (contract QLK4-CT-1999901563) and the International Union against Cancer (UICC). The UICC received funds for this purpose from the Mobile Manufacturers’ Forum and GSM Association. Provision of funds to the INTERPHONE study investigators via the UICC was governed by agreements that guaranteed INTERPHONE's complete scientific independence. The terms of these agreements are publicly available at http://www.iarc.fr/en/research-groups/RAD/RCAd.html.The Australian centre was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (EME Grant 219129) with funds originally derived from mobile phone service licence fees, Julianne Brown was partly supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award. Cancer Council NSW and Cancer Council Victoria provided most of the infrastructure for the project in Australia.The Canadian centres in Ottawa/Vancouver were supported by a university–industry partnership grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the latter including partial support from the Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association. The CIHR university–industry partnerships program also includes provisions that ensure complete scientific independence of the investigators. D. Krewski is the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Chair in Risk Science at the University of Ottawa.The Canada – Montreal study was primarily funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (project 15 MOP-42525). Additionally, Dr Siemiatycki's research team was partly funded by the Canada Research Chair programme and by the Guzzo-CRS Chair in Environment and Cancer. Dr Parent had a salary award from the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec.Additional funding for the study in France was provided by l’Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) [Contrat No. 5142] and three network operators (Orange, SFR, Bouygues Télécom). The funds provided by the operators represented 5% of the total cost of the French study and were governed by contracts guaranteeing the complete scientific independence of the investigators.The Finnish Interphone study received additional national funding from Emil Aaltonen Foundation and Academy of Finland (Grant No. 80921).The German Interphone study received additional national funding from the 'Deutsches Mobilfunkforschungsprogramm [German Mobile Phone Research Program]' of the German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nuclear Safety, and Nature Protection, the Ministry of Environment and Traffic of the state of Baden-Württemberg, the Ministry of Environment of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, and the MAIFOR Programme of the University of Mainz.The Japanese Interphone study was fully funded by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan.Funding in New Zealand for this project was provided by the Health Research Council of New Zealand, the Cancer Society of New Zealand, the Wellington Medical Research Foundation, the Hawke's Bay Medical Research Foundation and the Waikato Medical Research Foundation.The Swedish centre was additionally supported by the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Cancer Society.The UK North study received additional funding from the Health and Safety Executive, the Department of Health, the Mobile Telecommunications, Health and Research (MTHR) program, and the Scottish Executive. The University of Leeds received some financial support on behalf of the 4 centres of the ‘UK North Study’ from the UK Network Operators (O2, Orange, T-Mobile, Vodafone, ‘3’) under legal signed contractual agreements which guaranteed complete independence for the scientific investigators.The Southeast England Centre wishes to acknowledge additional funding from the Mobile Telecommunications, Health and Research (MTHR) programme. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily of the funders., and The INTERPHONE Study Group
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Male ,Cancer Research ,MESH: Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ,Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ,Epidemiology ,MESH: Electromagnetic Fields ,Decile ,MESH: Glioma ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Phone ,MESH: Risk Factors ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Meningeal Neoplasms ,Odds Ratio ,Medicine ,Mobile phones ,MESH: Middle Aged ,Brain Neoplasms ,Brain tumour ,Glioma ,Neuroma, Acoustic ,MESH: Follow-Up Studies ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,MESH: Case-Control Studies ,3. Good health ,Survival Rate ,Oncology ,Reporting bias ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Censoring (clinical trials) ,MESH: Brain Neoplasms ,Female ,Adult ,MESH: Survival Rate ,Acoustic neuroma ,Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields ,MESH: Prognosis ,MESH: International Agencies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Electromagnetic Fields ,Vestibular schwannoma ,Humans ,MESH: Humans ,business.industry ,International Agencies ,MESH: Adult ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,MESH: Meningeal Neoplasms ,Confidence interval ,MESH: Male ,MESH: Odds Ratio ,MESH: Cellular Phone ,Mobile phone ,Case-Control Studies ,business ,MESH: Female ,Cell Phone ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies ,Demography ,MESH: Neuroma, Acoustic - Abstract
Background: The rapid increase in mobile telephone use has generated concern about possible health risks of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from these devices. Methods: A case-control study of 1105 patients with newly diagnosed acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) and 2145 controls was conducted in 13 countries using a common protocol. Past mobile phone use was assessed by personal interview. In the primary analysis, exposure time was censored at one year before the reference date (date of diagnosis for cases and date of diagnosis of the matched case for controls); analyses censoring exposure at five years before the reference date were also done to allow for a possible longer latent period. Results: The odds ratio (OR) of acoustic neuroma with ever having been a regular mobile phone user was 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.69-1.04). The OR for >= 10 years after first regular mobile phone use was 0.76 (0.52-1.11). There was no trend of increasing ORs with increasing cumulative call time or cumulative number of calls, with the lowest OR (0.48 (0.30-0.78)) observed in the 9th decile of cumulative call time. In the 10th decile (>= 1640 h) of cumulative call time, the OR was 1.32 (0.88-1.97); there were, however, implausible values of reported use in those with >= 1640 h of accumulated mobile phone use. With censoring at 5 years before the reference date the OR for >= 10 years after first regular mobile phone use was 0.83 (0.58-1.19) and for >= 1640 h of cumulative call time it was 2.79(1.51-5.16). but again with no trend in the lower nine deciles and with the lowest OR in the 9th decile. In general, ORs were not greater in subjects who reported usual phone use on the same side of the head as their tumour than in those who reported it on the opposite side, but it was greater in those in the 10th decile of cumulative hours of use. Conclusions: There was no increase in risk of acoustic neuroma with ever regular use of a mobile phone or for users who began regular use 10 years or more before the reference date. Elevated odds ratios observed at the highest level of cumulative call time could be due to chance, reporting bias or a causal effect. As acoustic neuroma is usually a slowly growing tumour, the interval between introduction of mobile phones and occurrence of the tumour might have been too short to observe an effect, if there is one. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2011
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