The article presents an analysis of the work and some results of an ethnosociological conference held in Kazan on 17–18 November 2016. The participants’ papers were related to clarifying issues concerning state, civil, regional, and ethnic identities in Russia’s regions, problems of inter-ethnic and inter-religious cooperation, and the demographic, social, and cultural processes characteristic of the country’s people. A separate session was devoted to discussing systems for monitoring ethnic relations. A lively discussion arose about the proposal for a federal law on the Russian [territorial] nation, announced on 31 October 2016 in the Council on Inter-national [Inter-ethnic] Relations under the President of the Russian Federation.