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En este artículo reevaluamos el cartulario conocido como el Becerro Galicano de Valpuesta (1236) con referencia sobre todo a su contenido y al contexto de su creación. El sorprendente protagonismo cedido en su estructura a una serie de textos referentes a Salinas de Añana nos hace pensar que el origen del cartulario esté relacionado con la consolidación de la frontera interdiocesana Burgos-Calahorra, plasmada en el texto conocido como el Convenio de la Alternativa (1229). En este contexto, la hipótesis propuesta por Ruiz de Loizaga de la autoría intelectual de Hilario, arcediano de Valpuesta en los años anteriores a 1236 e implicado también en el Convenio de la Alternativa, parece consolidarse. Refuerza asimismo la hipótesis la observación que en otros contextos (Toledo, Froncea) también Hilario parece asociarse con la creación de cartularios.

This research recovers the collective memory of elderly people who recall experiences lived alongside the Tagus River in the city of Toledo (Spain). The study develops an individual and collective narrative story to add to our understanding of the relationship between society and its environment during the years 1950–1970. A qualitative methodology is used through documentary analysis techniques and in-depth interviews. The results obtained from the testimonies reflect the influence that the Tagus River had as a natural heritage on the socialization and emotions of Toledo society. The sociological study carried out is unique, since it is the first in which, through collective memory, a contrast is made between the enjoyment of a natural fluvial environment in good condition compared to its current state of an ecosystem in deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro is the property of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The conquest of Andalusia was completed during the caliphate of Walid bin Abdul Malik (86-96 A. H) and under the leadership of Musa bin Nasir (19-97 A. H) and Tariq bin Ziyad (101-50 A. H) during the years 92-95 A. H. As a result of this conquest, many tribes entered Andalusia. This article examines the report of Bayt Zul-Aqfal in Toledo aiming the how of different ethnic groups entering Andalusia and their influence in compiling historical reports.The findings of the research done through the descriptive-analytical method and analysis of historical documents, show that the conquest of Andalusia and the new ethnic and cultural composition of the inhabitants of this region led to the fictional stories and narratives taken from the historical culture of these people were added to the historiography of Andalusia. Therefore, the report of Bayt Zul-Aqfal in the conquest of Toledo is one of the fabricated narratives of the conquest of Andalusia, the story of which arosed from this cultural mixture and found its way into the historical sources.

En el marco de las bibliotecas de particulares y artistas en la España de los siglos XVI y XVII, las de los arquitectos ocupan un lugar privilegiado. Entre estas, la librería del escultor y arquitecto Juan Bautista Monegro se nos presenta como una de las más importantes; su importancia se incrementa al haber llegado hasta nosotros más de una veintena de sus libros, muchos de ellos llenos de anotaciones personales y dibujos.

En este trabajo se estudian seis epitaphia sepulcralia de finales del siglo XV y comienzos del XVI realizados posiblemente en uno o en dos talleres escultóricos toledanos especializados en la elaboración de lápidas sepulcrales de piedra. Tres de ellos se conservan en el Museo de Santa Cruz de Toledo, dos en el convento de Santo Domingo el Real de Toledo y otro en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional. A partir del análisis de sus elementos externos e internos, realizaremos el estudio integral de todos ellos e intentaremos determinar si pudieron haber sido producidos por rogatarios o entalladores en piedra pertenecientes a un mismo taller o a dos talleres distintos establecidos en la ciudad.

La catedral de Toledo posee un báculo de Limoges de principios del siglo XIII con singulares representaciones de leones y diáconos, indicativo del rico repertorio artístico de Limoges. Reconociendo sus llamativas características, este breve artículo presenta el báculo como un objeto portátil que animaba múltiples sentidos a través de su uso físico.

In this study, I explore the way in which a German émigré rose to the status of a cultural hero in Castile, Spain, and how his work of law became one of the three "pillars" of Jewish law. A survey of the Jewish legal landscape in medieval Spain during the fourteenth century reveals a shift in the status of one of the centers of Talmudic and legal (halakha) studies there as compared with the previous century. The fortune of the center in Toledo changed dramatically, and this change is traceable to the impact of one German émigré, Rabbi Asher ben Jehiel. Many scholars have examined Asher's life and work. However, none have seriously analyzed the change he brought to the legal culture in Castile or examined the mechanism of how this occurred. This study describes Asher's impact and attempts to expose the processes that brought about this transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, the fair and efficient enforcement of child support obligations has long posed challenges to all levels of government, often to the detriment of single-mother families. This article traces the local-to-national activism of the Association for Children for Enforcement of Support (ACES), one of the largest child support enforcement organizations in the country. Established in Toledo, Ohio, and comprised overwhelmingly of women, it demanded an end to unsympathetic characterizations of mother-led families as deviant, while simultaneously working to increase the stigma surrounding those who evaded child support – the so-called 'Deadbeat Dads.' Examining ACES' work provides insight into ways in which women's organizations drew from both conservative and liberal ideas, as well as creative activism, to gain bipartisan support for stricter enforcement of child support from 1984 to 2005. Confronted with the complexities of federalism, ACES did not fully achieve its goal for a federalized support collections system through the US Internal Revenue Service; nonetheless, its lobbying efforts played a significant role in transforming court-ordered child support in the US from a largely nonobligatory system to one where payment was more systematically enforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En 1449 se produjo en Toledo una de las rebeliones populares de mayor relevancia en la Castilla del siglo XV. Referida por todas las crónicas de la época, en ella el común de la ciudad puso en cuestión tanto la legitimidad gubernativa del rey como los mecanismos de integración en la societas christiana de los nuevos convertidos a la fe católica. Dada la trascendencia de tales hechos, el episodio siempre ha tenido un gran impacto bibliográfico, reseñándose en múltiples publicaciones. La información sobre la revuelta, aun así, suele ser iterativa, viéndose muy condicionada por una metodología con un enfoque centrado en la “cuestión conversa” y por una falta de nuevas fuentes de estudio que obstaculiza el análisis. A tenor de esto, el presente trabajo replantea el punto de vista a la hora de examinar los alborotos, insistiéndose en lo relevante de la cultura política y la opinión pública, y en su naturaleza de alzamiento en comunidad, con rasgos parecidos a los que tendría la sublevación de los comuneros. Por otro lado, se aportan informaciones inéditas que dan frescura al relato de los hechos y que permiten una aproximación más inmediata a lo ocurrido. Y, por último, se abre una vía de estudio sin explorar, la de la participación en los altercados de las villas y aldeas del entorno de Toledo, que rompe con la imagen eminentemente urbana que ha venido ofreciéndose de la sublevación y que multiplica las posibilidades de acercamiento a los disturbios, pasando de lo urbano a lo territorial.

Se analiza en el trabajo el modo en que se ha considerado el urbanismo islámico del Occidente Lejano y se hacen consideraciones sobre su estructuración real, fuera de visiones colonialistas.

Soils rich in expansive clays (i.e., smectite and montmorillonite, and, to a lesser extent, soft clays such as sepiolite and palygorskite) are found in a broad stretch running NNE-SSW from the east of Madrid to the Tagus River surrounds in the province of Toledo. These clays tend to give rise to a specific type of soil, known as "vertisols" or related argillic soils with vertic behaviour, varied chemical and sedimentological composition, and occasionally siliceous or dolomitic clasts. In these soils, where there is an absence of woody vegetation, the colonising nitrophilous vegetation becomes of particular interest through the usage and alteration of the land. These argillic soil plant communities are incredibly diversified, with flora suited to the unique hydrogeochemical conditions of these settings. The variety of these plant communities is determined by factors such as land use, lithology, terrain, and the level of humidity they can withstand. We identify the primary plant community on the Madrid-Toledo expansive clays in this paper, as well as provide a preliminary approach to the different varieties and transitions to other related plant communities. The main dynamic and catena links are established, and a floristically summarised table is provided, along with a descriptive examination of the community's behaviour and variability. Finally, its conservation status and the high degree of threat to which it is subjected are assessed.

El Tríptico de la Natividad del Museo Nacional del Prado, procedente del convento del Zarzoso en Salamanca, constituye uno de los más refinados ejemplos de la pintura del gótico internacional castellano. Sin embargo, siempre se ha considerado una obra aislada. El presente estudio, a través del análisis de un conjunto de pinturas poco conocidas, propone sacar a este artista tanto de su aislamiento como de su largo anonimato. Gracias a la existencia de una obra firmada “Artifex philippus” podemos establecer que Maestro Felipe (alias Maestro del Tríptico del Zarzoso), tuvo una larga y brillante carrera, que se desarrolló entre Toledo y el Monasterio de Guadalupe entre 1440 y 1475 aproximadamente. Asimismo, este estudio traza estilística e iconográficamente el origen del lenguaje del artista en tierras germánicas, en el espacio entre el Medio y Alto Rin.

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A lo largo de los siglos bajomedievales diversas ciudades castellanas se fueron dotando de una identidad colectiva que marcó su papel como agentes políticos. Un proceso en el que la concesión, mantenimiento y defensa de sus privilegios fiscales tuvo un papel central. En este trabajo abordaremos la compleja interrelación entre privilegio fiscal e identidad urbana a través del estudio de tres ciudades —Toledo, Sevilla y Murcia— que gozaron de un estatuto ya reconocido como excepcional por sus contemporáneos.

En este trabajo se propone una aproximación a la Visita General (1570-1575) ordenada por el virrey Francisco de Toledo como instancia de administración de justicia y reconfiguración territorial. Para ello, se procede al estudio de caso de la visita realizada al repartimiento de indios de Sipesipe (Cochabamba, Charcas) por parte de Diego Núñez Bazán. Primeramente, se examinan los litigios iniciados por los indígenas, en el marco de la visita general, para conseguir la restitución de tierras ocupadas por españoles. Luego, se avanza en un análisis de la actuación del Visitador general, en tanto agente de justicia, para dirimir estos pleitos. Finalmente, se consideran los efectos que las resoluciones de Núñez Bazán y la política toledana tuvieron sobre el territorio cochabambino.

The expectations of cities served by High Speed Rail are numerous. Improvements in a destination’s accessibility could lead to an increase in transport demand and the revitalization of urban and business tourism. However, High Speed Rail services do not automatically affect the choice of destination even if they improve accessibility. Even so, they can improve visitation rates when tourist amenities are located near High Speed Rail stations becoming therefore easily accessible. The development of tourism is also influenced by the collective strategies of local stakeholders. Larger cities also appear able to leverage higher tourist volumes from the construction of High Speed Rail and most analyses to date have focused upon them. Thus we focus here on how the arrival of High Speed Rail services has impacted tourism on medium sized cities. Using a diachronic study of different socio-economic variables and tourist features, this article analyses the impact that the new rail infrastructure can have on tourism in two selected cases in Spain: Cuenca and Toledo.

La industria sedera de Toledo tiene su origen, como la del resto de España, en la influencia árabe, a la que coadyuvaron judíos y artesanos genoveses. Fue a finales del siglo XV, cuando se extiende el uso de los terciopelos, en principio importados y pronto producidos en Valencia, Toledo, Sevilla y Granada. El siglo XVI será en el que se afiance una industria sedera en Toledo, que llegaría a ser la más numerosa y de mayor crédito, fama, estimación y prosperidad de nuestra nación hasta la crisis del siglo XVII. Esa crisis, iniciada ya a partir de 1570 y consolidada en el segundo cuarto del siglo XVII, dio como resultado una serie de memoriales, escritos, proposiciones y peticiones por parte de instituciones y personas vinculadas a la industria sedera de la ciudad, proponiendo soluciones muy diversas, algunas peregrinas, para sacar a dicha industria de la ruina a que se hallaba abocada. Analizaremos algunos de dichos documentos.

Work represents an overview of social, political and cultural changes in medieval Spain from the 8th to the 15th century, especially in the Muslim-controlled territory - Al Andalus, which has special significance because of the translation movement created with the participation of all three religions. This was especially visible during the 12th and 13th centuries in the city of Toledo. Because of their work, the Westerners made new acquaintances with different works of ancient writers, translated from the Arab language into the Latin. Books content was mostly from natural sciences: medicine, mathematics and astronomy. A special chapter deals with the organisation and functions of libraries, which existed in Al Andalus, as well as places in Christian kingdoms - Castille, Aragon and Navara. Among them, the most important in Al Andalus was the Caliph library, and in Christian kingdoms, like in many other countries in medieval Europe, the monastic ones. The art of bookmaking was described through influences of all the people who lived in this territory, and the regions close to it. Therefore, in created books we can see Christian, Jewish and Muslim symbols from the Middle East and the Mediterranean.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article examines the drafting of land contracts and the evolution of local property law in key regional centers of power during the transition from Islamic to Christian rule in eleventh- and twelfth-century Iberia. Through the analysis of a range of Arabic and Latin property land sales preserved in the ecclesiastical archives of Toledo and the Ebro valley, the following study looks for signs of potential legal and documentary diffusion taking place as a result of the Christian conquests of the Middle and Upper Marches of al-Andalus. The paper explores the relationship between property and its transfer, on the one hand, and the emerging post-conquest documentary cultures, on the other. It studies borrowings between Latin and Arabic land documents, some of which can be associated with Andalusī property and contract law. The article links this transfer of knowledge to the legal and economic interests of the religious institutions that preserved the Arabic documents, highlighting how new dioceses and monasteries reclaimed the rights and benefits associated with former mosques. Such findings are framed as part of the active preservation and engagement of local property knowledge and Islamicate documentary practices, and their recycling for the post-conquest management and reorganization of the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Anuario Lope de Vega. Texto, Literatura, Cultura is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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A list of 49 species of caddisflies collected between 1985 and 2010 in the provinces of Cuenca, Guadalajara and Ciudad Real is presented. 13 species are new records for Castilla-La Mancha and 24 are new provincial records. Likewise, the first Catalog of Caddisflies of Castilla-La Mancha is presented, based on our data and a critical and detailed bibliographic review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, I explore the way in which a German émigré rose to the status of a cultural hero in Castile, Spain, and how his work of law became one of the three “pillars” of Jewish law. A survey of the Jewish legal landscape in medieval Spain during the fourteenth century reveals a shift in the status of one of the centers of Talmudic and legal (halakha) studies there as compared with the previous century. The fortune of the center in Toledo changed dramatically, and this change is traceable to the impact of one German émigré, Rabbi Asher ben Jehiel. Many scholars have examined Asher’s life and work. However, none have seriously analyzed the change he brought to the legal culture in Castile or examined the mechanism of how this occurred. This study describes Asher’s impact and attempts to expose the processes that brought about this transformation.

Se editan y estudian dos poemas recogidos en el ms. ε 32.3.4 de la Biblioteca Estense Universitaria de Módena. El primero es una epístola del doctor Gregorio de Angulo a su amigo Lope de Vega, fechada el 31 de enero de 1597. En ella le hace algunas observaciones sobre La bella malmaridada y otras cuestiones literarias, si bien resulta más interesante como muestra de la profunda amistad que existió entre ambos. El segundo es una elegía de Lope de Vega a la muerte de doña Catalina de Ribera, identificada como la madre de quien por entonces era su señor, don Francisco Barroso de Ribera. Datable hacia la primavera o el verano de 1590, es una de las pocas muestras (si no la única) de su labor poética al servicio del futuro II marqués de Malpica.

El proceso de secularización vivido por la sociedad e instituciones españolas en los años de la Segunda República también afectó a los militares y al propio Ejército. Desde el Gobierno y el Ministerio de la Guerra se proclamó la libertad de creencias, la asistencia a la misa de forma voluntaria o la prohibición de participar en celebraciones religiosas a modo de representación oficial. También se vieron modificados actos militares, como lo era la jura de bandera o la celebración de las fiestas patronales de cada una de las armas que componen las Fuerzas Armadas. Del mismo modo, leyes como la de enterramientos o de divorcio fueron aplicadas a militares en la misma medida que al resto de civiles. Todas ellas, y otras más, forman un todo que nos permite entender cómo fue la aplicación de la libertad religiosa en el Ejército y, concretamente, en la ciudad de Toledo.

Since 1674, the Virgen del Sagrario de Toledo sits on the magnificent silver throne made by Virgilio Fanelli, a benchmark of Hispanic goldsmithing of the 16th century who, since the dawn of the 20th century, has monopolized the prominence of multiple publications. This is not the case with the throne that preceded it, so the purpose of this work is to correct this reality. For this, it has been possible to determine the construction phases, the authorship, as well as the final appearance of the two thrones prior to the one executed by Fanelli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo principal de este estudio es realizar un breve recorrido por algunas de las obras literarias decimonónicas de carácter romántico que hicieron alusión a la arquitectura de San Juan de los Reyes. Para ello, partiremos de un contexto general para entender la concepción que se tenía en la época acerca de la Edad Media y su arquitectura por influencia del Romanticismo. Finalmente, se analizarán ejemplos concretos de textos para lo que no solo se han tenido en cuenta los datos aportados por literatos españoles como Bécquer, sino también los libros de viajes de autores extranjeros como Gautier o el barón Davillier, entre otros. La información ofrecida por cada uno de ellos contribuyó notablemente al conocimiento de una época dura para el monumento que se había visto muy afectado por acontecimientos históricos, especialmente de índole bélica.

Geotechnologies play an increasingly extensive and diverse role in our society. Their implementation in educational settings is growing at all levels, especially in higher education, and in a wide variety of disciplines. The analysis and management of cultural heritage are two of the areas where they are most used. The multiple, heterogeneous, and unspecific supply of geoinformation opens up considerable possibilities for learning and new opportunities for analysis by future specialists in cultural heritage, despite the difficulties in the management of, and approach to, the data. In a scenario in which open-source educational resources are increasingly important, this work presents an exploratory analysis of open sources of georeferenced information that facilitate access to geodata for teaching and learning on cultural heritage. As an example of the differences and shortcomings of the availability of georeferenced sources in Spain, this work presents a case study on the city of Toledo, recognised as a world heritage site.

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