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Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was used as the main raw material. Based on the single factor experiment, the yield of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide was evaluated, and the best technology for extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide by cellulase extraction method was determined. And then the sensory score was evaluated with the main raw material as Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, the single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the formula of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide functional drink. In addition, the antioxidant activity in vitro of the drink was studied. The results showed that the optimal conditions for extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides by cellulase method are as follows: material-liquid ratio 1:55(g/mL), enzymolysis temperature 50 °C, enzymolysis time 60 min, cellulase dosage 3%. Under the above conditions, the yield of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide was 2.89%. The optimal ratio of main auxiliary materials of functional drink to be 10% white sugar, 4% mango juice concentrate, and 0.2% citric acid. The results of scavenging free radicals in vitro showed that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide functional drink had good scavenging effects on DPPH- and OH-, and its half scavenging rate (IC50) is 0.537 mg/mL and 0.650 mg/mL, respectively, and the total reducing power is up to 1.15%, which indicated that the product has antioxidant capacity, and has potential to be developed as health-care functional beverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Nanoparticles are known bio elicitors in plant biotechnology. Different concentrations of ZnO, CuO and CoO nanoparticles were used for the enhanced accumulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities in the callus derived from root, shoot and leaf of Artemisia annua L. Biomass of callus was somehow affected on high concentrations of Nps. Phenolic content was observed maximum (60µg) in shoot callus at 0.1mg/l of CuONps. Total antioxidant activity was observed maximum (33µg) in root callus at 0.1mg/l of ZnOnps. Total reducing power maximum (33µg) was observed in root callus at concentration of 0.05 mg/l of CoONps. Maximum radical scavenging activity was observed in shoot callus at 0.05mg/l of ZnONps. Rutin gallic acid and caffic acid were also determined in most of the samples by HPLC. The study concludes that different Nps have positive effect on the induction of secondary metabolites in A.annua plant.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plants of the genus Chaenomeles are traditionally used in the countries of South-East Asia, due to their high nutritional and health-promoting properties. However, the successful introduction of species promising for gardening from geographically remote areas requires the study of plant ontogeny under the conditions of new habitat. This is a very substantial problem for the steppe zone, where the continental climate has features of aridity and complicates the process of increasing the diversity of fruit crops by introducing the desired species. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of the protective enzymatic system of different Chaenomeles genotypes subject to a steppe climate as well as the accumulation of the biologically active compounds with high antioxidant capacity. The study was performed on the basis of the introduced horticultural plants collection in the Botanical Garden of the DNU, and the Chaenomeles fruits, leaves, and the seeds were examined. The highest activity of catalase, benzidine-peroxidase and guaiacol-peroxidase, and the greatest enzymes activation during vegetation were found in leaves of Ch. cathayensis and Ch. speciosa, while the lowest activity was in leaves of both Japanese species. The biggest total phenolic content in the isopropanolic plant extracts, determined by Folin–Ciocalteau assay, was found in leaves of Ch. × superba, Ch. × californica and Ch. cathayensis (44.8, 52.8, and 43.6 mg GAE/g WW); a less high level was found in leaves of Ch. japonica and Ch. japonica var. maulei (43.1 and 40.2 mg GAE/g), while the lowest was in leaves of Ch. speciosa (29.3 mg GAE/g). The total flavonoids content determined using the aluminum chloride method, did not differ by variety or species in the plant leaves, being in the range of 2.6–2.9 mg of RE per g WW (accordingly, in leaves of Ch. japonica var. maulei and Ch. × californica). The high total reducing power determined by potassium ferricyanide assay was found in leaves of both hybridogenic species and Ch. cathayensis (respectively, 11.6, 14.1, and 11.4 AAE/g WW); leaves of both Japanese species had slightly lower values and the lowest was in leaves of Ch. speciosa (7.7 AAE/g). In the Chaenomeles fruits, the total phenolic content was the lowest in Ch. speciosa (17.8 mg GAE/g), average in both Japanese species (28.7 and 27.8 mg GAE/g), and the highest (33.3 mg GAE/g) was in Ch. cathayensis. The flavonoid accumulation was highest in the fruits of Ch. cathayensis and Ch. japonica var. maulei (0.67 and 0.63 mg RE/g), intermediate in both hybridogenic species and Ch. japonica (accordingly, 0.57, 0.42 and 0.38 mg RE/g), and the lowest in Ch. speciosa (0.30 mg RE/g). The total reducing power of Chaenomeles fruit was lower as compared to leaves, and decreased from 11.2 to 5.7 mg AAE/g in the series Ch. cathayensis > Ch. × californica > Ch. japonica > Ch. japonica var. maulei > Ch. × superba > Ch. speciosa. High correlation coefficients between total reducing power and total phenols content in the Chaenomeles leaves and fruits (respectively, r = 0.96 and r = 0.95, P < 0.05) confirm the significant contribution of phenolic compounds to the antioxidant capacity. The study results indicate a high antioxidant capacity of the Chaenomeles species in the conditions of the steppe climate due to the antioxidant enzymes activity and the accumulation of a significant amount of phenolic metabolites in leaves and fruits.

Plant fruits, leaves, stems, and other parts are of high nutritional value, and are the source of physiologically active compounds, which can contribute to the treatment of many diseases caused by oxidative stress. Enrichment of the species spectrum of the fruit plants expands the possibilities of their use in dietary nutrition and human treatment. Unfortunately, the introduction of the new fruit plant species in industrial gardens in the Steppe Dnieper is limited to a large extent by the unfavorable climate. In this regard, the assessment of the possibility of realizing the genetic potential of fruit plants from different geographical areas in the steppe climate acquires both scientific and practical significance. The study was conducted on the basis of the fruit plants collection collection of the Botanical Garden of the DNU including four introduced species and one natural species from the genus Berberis. The anomalous weather conditions during the growing season of 2017 (snowfall in April followed by a drought in June) were accompanied by an earlier stage appearance of leaves, flowering and fruit ripening of all introduced plants, especially the Asian species B. amurensis and B. koreana, compared to the native species B. vulgaris. In accordance with the results obtained, fresh weight of the ripe fruits of Berberis species decreased in the order of B. amurensis > B. vulgaris > B. canadensis > B. koreana > B. x declinata. The highest total phenolics content, determined in the isopropanolic fruit extracts by Folin – Ciocalteau assay, was found in the fresh ripe fruits of B. koreana (1362 ± 66 mg GAE/100 g WW), followed by B. x declinata and B. vulgaris fruits (91% and 77% of the B. koreana phenolics content respectively). The highest total flavonoids content determined using the aluminum chloride method was revealed in the fruits of B. koreana (210 ± 6 mg RE/100 g FW) exceeding the content in fruits of other Berberis species by 1.1–2.1 times, while the lowest value (103 ± 4 mg RE/100 g FW) was found in the fruits of B. amurensis. The total reducing power, determined by RP assay, varied in the range from 5.0 to 9.6 mg AAE/100 g DW, and the highest levels were found in the fruits of B. koreana and B. x declinata (respectively, 9.6 ± 0.6 and 8.6 ± 0.5 mg AE/100 g DW) exceeding the reducing capacity of other Berberis species by 1.7–1.9 times. In the fruits of genus Berberis species strong positive correlation was found between the total reducing power and the total content of phenols (r = 0.87), as well as between the reducing power and the total content of flavonoids (r = 0.84). High correlation coefficients confirm the significant contribution of the Berberis fruit phenolic compounds, including the flavonoids, to the antioxidant capacity. So, the study results showed that fruits of all examined Berberis species can be an easily accessible source of antioxidants, however, the antioxidant capacity of fruits decreased in order of B. koreana > B. x declinata > B. vulgaris > B. amurensis > B. canadensis.

The aim of this study was to improve the extraction yield of polyphenols from mango seed kernel by solvent extraction. Seven organic solvents were tested to identify the best extraction efficiency, and a ternary solvent mixture of Methanol-Acetone-Water (54: 23:23), developed using the mixture design methodology, allowed to extract the maximum amount of polyphenols with maximum antioxidant activity. The solvent mixture developed was then applied to polyphenols extraction from kernels of 11 mango varieties from the savannah region of Cameroon, and High Pressure Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) used to identify the phenolic compounds present in the extracts. The total polyphenols contents (TPC), flavonoids and Total Reducing Power (TRP) of mango kernels were respectively in the range of 93.38 - 121.01 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/ g DW, 12.64 - 16.26 mg Catechin Equivalent/g DW and 95.42 - 113.97 mg Ascorbic Acid Equivalent/g DW. Chlorogenic acid, Mangiferin, Gallic acid and Methyl gallate are highly suspected as component molecules of polyphenols from mango seed kernel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles are known to play remarkable role as abiotic stress elicitors in plants. This study reports the comparative analysis of effects produced by capped [zinc oxide (ZnO)‐polyethylene glycol (PEG), ZnO‐polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), copper oxide (CuO)‐PEG, CuO‐PVP] and uncapped (ZnO and CuO) nanoparticles on the medicinal plant, Stevia rebaudiana raised in vitro for the production of commercially important sweetener compounds. In context of shoot organogenesis, ZnO‐PEG, ZnO‐PVP, CuO‐PEG, CuO‐PVP were employed to the growth medium that resulted in increased growth parameters, and larger content of steviol glycosides as compared to the shoots raised in medium containing ZnO and CuO, revealed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. In the meanwhile, non‐enzymatic antioxidant activities including total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl hydrazyl‐free radical scavenging activity were calculated and showed comparatively greater amounts in shoots grown in medium containing capped ZnO or CuO nanoparticles. Furthermore, the ZnO and its derivatives revealed to be more reactive at 1 mg/l of concentration. Whereas, the CuO and its derivatives produced greater response on Stevia at 10 mg/l concentration of nanoparticles. This study paves the way for more such studies encompassing capped and uncapped nanoparticles and their ultimate effect on in‐vitro grown plant tissues for the production of active metabolites on industrial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of different metal ions on the antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) was studied as determined by * OH radical scavenging activity, total reducing power and absorbance value. The results showed that the * OH radical scavenging activity and reducing power of MRPs was not altered following Na+ and K+ treatment. However, Fe2+ and Cu2+ treatment exerted significant effects on the * OH radical scavenging activity of MRPs (P < 0.05), while Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ treatment remarkably affected the reducing ability of MRPs (P < 0. 05). Notably, there was obviously negative relationship between Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ concentrations and the antioxidant capacity of MRPs (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant correlation between the browning degree of Maillard reaction and metal ions was also obtained (P < 0.05), indicating the potential effect of browning degree on the antioxidant activity of MRPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new process for the enzyme-catalyzed extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius was developed. Parameters included the pH value, temperature, enzyme dosage and extraction time. The effects of these parameters on extraction yields of P. igniarius polysaccharides (PIPs) were investigated, and the optimal process was further determined by using response surface methodology (RSM). Assays to determine the total reducing power, ABTS free-radical scavenging activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity were then used to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracted PIPs. The results showed that the optimal conditions for enzyme-catalyzed extraction included a pH value of 5.79, a reaction time of 1.5 h, an extraction temperature of 55.02 °C and enzyme dosage of 3.04%. Compared with conventional hot-water extraction, the extraction yield of PIPs was increased by 49.5%. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the PIPs was stronger than that of other fungus polysaccharides from Agrocybe aegirit, Hericium erinaceus, Flammulina velutiper and Lentinus edodes. When the PIP concentration was 4 g/L, total reducing power was 0.643±0.012, ABTS free-radical scavenging activity was 95.40±0.16% and DPPH radical scavenging activity was 69.08±3.03%. Thus, the development of an enzyme-catalyzed method for extracting PIPs from P. igniarius was found to be feasible and to show high extraction efficacy, and the PIPs displayed good antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Antioxidant activity of the extracts of 10 legumes were studied. [•] The relationship between antioxidant activity and phenolic content were evaluated. [•] Significant differences were observed in antioxidant activity of various legume extracts. [•] Lentil extracts have the highest total antioxidant activity, and DPPH• scavenging activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant potential of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides (MEIC) using various in vitro antioxidant assay systems. Methods: Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of MEIC was assayed by using different in vitro models like ABTS, DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Reductive ability of the extract was tested by the complex formation with potassium ferricyanide. Further total phenol and flavonoid contents of the crude extract were also determined. Rutin and ascorbic acid were used as standards. Results: MEIC exhibited potent and concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity in all the tested models. Reductive ability was also found to increase with increase in MEIC concentration. Total phenol and flavonoid content determination showed that the extract is rich in phenols and flavonoids. Conclusions: All the results of the in vitro antioxidant assays reveal potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the leaves of Indigofera cassioides, equivalent to that of standard ascorbic acid and rutin. This potent antioxidant activity may be attributed to its high phenolic and flavonoid contents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: White grape antioxidant dietary fibre (WGDF) was obtained from white grape (Vitis vinifera, var. Airén) pomace from wine production. The antioxidant capacity of WGDF was determined in minced fish muscle (MFM) during frozen storage. Concentrations of 0, 2, and 4% WGDF ((0-WGDF), (2-WGDF), and (4-WGDF) respectively) were added to MFM samples. Analyses were carried out immediately after preparation of samples and over 6 months of storage at −20°C. WGDF was characterized in terms of dietary fibre (DF) (insoluble and soluble), total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity, and multifunctional antioxidant assays were done on all the MFM samples. The addition of white grape DF considerably delayed lipid oxidation in minced horse mackerel muscle during the frozen storage. Vacuum-packing the sample with 2% WGDF significantly enhanced the antioxidant properties of WGDF. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]