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Copyright of Aposta is the property of Aposta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The question of how to assess the comprehensive competitiveness of tourist destinations within cities is an important aspect for determining the potential of a city's tourism development and its ranking among peers in the field. There are four main parts to the content of this article, which consist of the analysis of competition formation motives based on "Field Theory", the selection of influencing factors by drawing on Porter's theory of competitiveness, the construction of an assessment model based on the multi-factors weighted comprehensive evaluation method, and an empirical analysis using Nanjing as the research area. The conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the tourist destination field within a city is composed of three interrelated elements, which are actors, rules, and competition. Under the influence of mainstream social and cultural trends, each tourist destination occupies a certain "position" by relying on the attractiveness formed by various types of capital, and then participates in peer competition within the field. Secondly, the three major influencing aspects of the competitiveness of tourist destinations are element conditions, demand characteristics, and supporting conditions. The key points involved in the three aspects can be summarized into four categories of factors, namely, quality evaluation, popularity level, spatial attractiveness, and emotional cognition, which together constitute the indicator system. Thirdly, there are thirteen tourist destinations in Nanjing that are rated above the average, accounting for about 43% of all the popular destinations. The variation coefficient of competitiveness results is about 35%, indicating a moderate to relatively weak degree of dispersion. Finally, the competitiveness of the thirty hot tourist destinations generally presents a spatial order that gradually weakens in an outward direction from the center zone of the city, forming an overall pattern of cluster groups of well-known tourist destinations in the core of the city, relatively random small clusters in the new main city area, and scattered point distribution in the suburbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The travel and tourism sector (TTS) is an important source of jobs and revenues for any country. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has shattered some industries more than others, with the TTS being one of the most affected ones in Romania. Recovery of TTS is, therefore, critical due to its significant share in the country's GDP. Electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) has recently become a strong instrument that voices the experiences of customers in the online environment and further determines consumption of tourism services by other people. The choice of a tourist destination depends on a decision involving evaluations of economic, emotional, social and altruistic values attached to that destination. These evaluations can determine electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) intentions as tourists need to share their experiences. Using PLS-SEM (n =469) on the Romanian tourist population, the research hereby checks the influence of the big five personality traits (BFPT): openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism on the destination values. This research also aims to analyze the relationship between the big five personality traits and e-WOM intentions, using the mediating role of destination value, in choosing a tourist destination in Romania. Results are useful both for tourism operators and industry policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a key economic sector in Indonesia, significantly contributing to foreign exchange and national revenue. Developing a sustainable tourism strategy requires collaboration across academia, businesses, communities, government, media, and NGOs. However, one major challenge in Indonesia’s tourism sector is the lack of synergistic, comprehensive, and integrated stakeholder collaboration. To address this issue, this study aims to develop a sustainable tourism strategy for Pati Regency based on the hexa helix model, which emphasizes multi-stakeholder engagement in tourism destinations. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research incorporates qualitative methods—such as interviews, observations, and documentation—and a quantitative analysis through MACTOR (Matrix of Alliance, Conflicts, Tactics, Objectives, Recommendations) to map stakeholder interactions. Findings reveal a high level of alignment between the Youth, Sports, and Tourism Office (DINPORAPAR) and SMEs, scoring 21.7 on the convergence scale. The primary focus for sustainable development is on enhancing innovation and competitive ability, identified as the most influential objective.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The global concern over microplastic pollution has been on the rise, primarily due to its detrimental effects on marine ecosystems and the potential health risks it poses to humans. Tourism activities are the main sources of plastic waste that deteriorates into microplastics. This study monitors microplastic contamination in marine environments at tourist destinations and suggests policies and initiatives that encourage tourism operators, locals, and tourists to adopt practices that reduce microplastic pollution. This endeavor is in line with the journal''''''''s objective to oversee the environmental consequences and advocate for improved environmental management strategies. This study aims to quantify microplastics in beach sediments, seawater, and the gastrointestinal tract and muscles of three fish species, Selar crumenophthalmus, Auxis thazard, and Sardina pilchardus, which are commonly found in the municipalities of Moalboal and Badian, tourist destinations in Southern Cebu Province, Philippines.METHODS: This study followed the approved procedures outlined in prior studies for gathering, handling, and examining microplastics found in sediment, seawater, and fish tissue samples. Sediment and seawater were collected from four sampling points at each study site using sterilized bottle containers. Sediment samples underwent oven-drying, passed through a 5-millimeter mesh, underwent density separation with a saturated salt solution, and were then filtered with filter paper. For seawater, the bottle grab method was utilized for sampling, followed by gravity filtration performed in triplicate to ensure thorough extraction of microplastics. The selection of fish species was determined by their common presence in nearby markets. Samples of gastrointestinal tract and muscle tissues were meticulously processed, treated with chemicals, and digested in order to aid in the isolation of microplastics. The quantification of microplastics was conducted under a stereomicroscope.FINDINGS Moalboal exhibited higher average microplastic counts in sediments (0.12 items per gram) and seawater (0.06 items per gram) than Badian, which had 0.08 items per gram in sediments and 0.04 items per gram in seawater. There was no significant difference in the microplastic levels found in sediments and seawater between the two towns, as indicated by a p-value greater than 0.05. Similarly, there were no significant differences in microplastic abundance in fish between these sites. Significant disparities were noted in the abundance of microplastics across distinct fish species and anatomical segments. Auxis thazard showed significantly the highest microplastic particles (0.33 ± 0.10 in muscles; 0.077 ± 0.04 in the gastrointestinal tract) than other species. The microplastic abundance between Selar crumenophthalmus (0.20 ± 0.09; 0.055 ± 0.03), and Sardinella pilchardus (0.16 ± 0.03; 0.050 ± 0.04) did not significantly differ. In each fish sample, the presence of microplastics was notably more pronounced in the gastrointestinal tract than in the muscle tissue, demonstrating a statistically significant difference at a significance level of p

Many Traditional Settings in Indonesia have today become tourist destinations. Tourists as well as ordinary people alike are concerned about the safety of those places. They need to be safeguarded against crimes employing all means available. While policing is one option, there also exists ways of design interventions that can contribute to prevention of crimes in the traditional setting inundated with tourists. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is an approach that considers the environmental conditions and opportunities for criminal activities. CPTED is expected to reduce criminal actions and the resulting sense of fear, making such tourist destinations feel safer. In this context, this research examines the significant variables of CPTED that correlate with visitors' sense of safety. This is a quantitative study using a survey method. It was carried out at the Palippis beach which is a vernacular public space. Data were collected through field observations and structured interviews. The respondents were selected using accidental and purposive sampling. They were then analyzed using SPSS v.25. The results show a correlations between visitors' sense of safety and CPTED principles. The highest Pearson correlation is with maintenance, indicating a very strong correlation, and is determined by regular checks to provide special officers. The second highest correlation is with surveillance, which is determined by security patrol, arrangement of vegetation, add lighting, and add closed circuit television (CCTV). The lowest correlation is with access control, also which is determined by access by one entrance and exit, guarded by security, and checks by security officers. The research concludes that the visitors' safety perceptions strongly correlate with CPTED principles in differing degrees of maintenance, surveillance, and access control, each with its determining indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine audience interest in using interactive digital tourism maps to increase tourism destination literacy. The theory and concept of digital interactive tourist maps and Geographic Information Systems explain how navigation and information systems that were previously manual have become digital tourist communication media to make it easier for tourists to obtain information according to their needs. Conduct surveys to test and accept six hypotheses on the impact of digital map application trials on users, which include: the influence of affect on continuous usage, the impact of affect on user value, the effect of usability on affect, the effect of usability on continuous usage, the influence of usability on user value, and the impact of user value on continuous usage. The results show that the system's appearance and user value are influenced by its perceived value. The map also reveals that the system's usability affects its perceived value but does not affect its continuous usage. The perceived value of a system is tied to its overall performance. The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of The Performance Tourism Digital Interactive Map for tourists in the Mangunan tourist destination, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Indonesia. The study focused on the Mataram cultural tourism literacy model using interactive digital maps in the Mangunan tourism area, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Indonesia, highlighting the lack of research on its impact on tourism activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Rural Research is the property of Negah Institute for Social Research & Scientific Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aims to determine the conditions that affect the tourism development of a destination through the evaluation of tourists (in the case of Sapa town, Lao Cai province, Vietnam). Using quantitative methods, the article uses SPSS software to process interview results from 400 tourists according to four groups of factors: (i) accessibility to public communication services, hotel amenities and hygiene, level of convenience and comfort of sightseeing transportation; (ii) the adequacy, capacity, and hygiene of the parking lot, the diversity and specificity of souvenirs, the attractiveness and diversity of entertainment activities, (iii) security issues, order, and safety and (iv) the quality of tourism human resources. The research results show a group of conditions, such as the adequacy, capacity, and hygiene of the parking lot, the diversity and specificity of souvenirs, and the attractiveness and diversity of entertainment activities. Location and natural landscape have the strongest impact on the development of a tourist destination. While factors in groups I, iii, and iV have a lower level of influence. From there, this study proposes policy implications for improving the service quality of the destination, such as: the issue of human resource training, the quality of infrastructure; renewing products and services, and diversifying local cultural experiences. In particular, the quality of human resources is an issue that needs improvement not only in Sapa but also for many tourist destinations in mountainous regions of Vietnam [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is an approach to problem-solving that considers the environmental conditions and opportunities for criminal activities in human settlements. CPTED is expected to reduce criminal actions and the resulting sense of fear, making tourist destinations feel safer. Although empirical research on CPTED is advancing, little is known about its impact on tourist sites. This research examines the significant variables of CPTED that correlate with visitors' sense of safety. This is a quantitative study using a survey method located at Palippis beach as a vernacular public space. Data were collected in field observations and structured interviews with respondents who were selected using accidental and purposive samplings, and then analyzed using SPSS v.25. The results show a correlations between visitors’ sense of safety and CPTED principles. The highest Pearson correlation is with maintenance, indicating a very strong correlation, and is determined by regular checks and provide special officer. The second highest correlation is with surveillance, indicating a strong correlation, and is determined by security patrol, arrangement of vegetation, add lighting, and add closed circuit television (CCTV). The lowest correlation is with access control, also indicating a strong correlation, and is determined by accessed by one entrance and exit, guarded by security, and checks by security officer. The research concludes that the visitors’ safety perceptions strongly correlate with CPTED principles in differing degrees, subsequently maintenance, surveillance, and access control, each with its determining indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The global concern over microplastic pollution has been on the rise, primarily due to its detrimental effects on marine ecosystems and the potential health risks it poses to humans. Tourism activities are the main sources of plastic waste that deteriorates into microplastics. This study monitors microplastic contamination in marine environments at tourist destinations and suggests policies and initiatives that encourage tourism operators, locals, and tourists to adopt practices that reduce microplastic pollution. This endeavor is in line with the journal's objective to oversee the environmental consequences and advocate for improved environmental management strategies. This study aims to quantify microplastics in beach sediments, seawater, and the gastrointestinal tract and muscles of three fish species, Selar crumenophthalmus, Auxis thazard, and Sardina pilchardus, which are commonly found in the municipalities of Moalboal and Badian, tourist destinations in Southern Cebu Province, Philippines. METHODS: This study followed the approved procedures outlined in prior studies for gathering, handling, and examining microplastics found in sediment, seawater, and fish tissue samples. Sediment and seawater were collected from four sampling points at each study site using sterilized bottle containers. Sediment samples underwent oven-drying, passed through a 5-millimeter mesh, underwent density separation with a saturated salt solution, and were then filtered with filter paper. For seawater, the bottle grab method was utilized for sampling, followed by gravity filtration performed in triplicate to ensure thorough extraction of microplastics. The selection of fish species was determined by their common presence in nearby markets. Samples of gastrointestinal tract and muscle tissues were meticulously processed, treated with chemicals, and digested in order to aid in the isolation of microplastics. The quantification of microplastics was conducted under a stereomicroscope. FINDINGS: Moalboal exhibited higher average microplastic counts in sediments (0.12 items per gram) and seawater (0.06 items per gram) than Badian, which had 0.08 items per gram in sediments and 0.04 items per gram in seawater. There was no significant difference in the microplastic levels found in sediments and seawater between the two towns, as indicated by a p-value greater than 0.05. Similarly, there were no significant differences in microplastic abundance in fish between these sites. Significant disparities were noted in the abundance of microplastics across distinct fish species and anatomical segments. Auxis thazard showed significantly the highest microplastic particles (0.33 ± 0.10 in muscles; 0.077 ± 0.04 in the gastrointestinal tract) than other species. The microplastic abundance between Selar crumenophthalmus (0.20 ± 0.09; 0.055 ± 0.03), and Sardinella pilchardus (0.16 ± 0.03; 0.050 ± 0.04) did not significantly differ. In each fish sample, the presence of microplastics was notably more pronounced in the gastrointestinal tract than in the muscle tissue, demonstrating a statistically significant difference at a significance level of p<0.05. The average daily microplastic intake ranged from 4.75 to 7.60 particles based on consuming these fish species, using a per capita fish consumption rate of 34.27 kilograms per year. CONCLUSION: Moalboal and Badian, popular tourist destinations, are contaminated with microplastics, as evidenced by the presence of microplastic particles in samples of beach sediments, seawater, and fish species from these areas. The potential impacts of microplastic pollution on human health have raised concerns due to the estimated intake of microplastics through the consumption of contaminated fish. This study highlights the urgent need for strategies to address microplastic pollution and reduce human exposure. Recommendations comprise of educating the general public, implementing stringent policy measures, and conducting thorough surveillance that involves tourists, tourism operators, and the local community. These measures aim to safeguard human health, preserve the marine environment, and protect biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism & Rural Development Studies / Turisztikai és Vidékfejlesztési Tanulmányok is the property of CampInvest Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

West Sumatera possesses a lot of natural wealth in terms of tourism aspects. However, it has not been used optimally, highlighting the need for a comprehensive analysis of public policies in the tourism district to achieve a tourist-friendly green tourism that could be use in the next 10 to 20 years. This research’s purpose is to discover the policies in West Sumatra’s district using a qualitative approach and to be supported from utilizing purposive sampling techniques by doing in-depth interviews and analyzing the results in the format of an interactive model. The outcome proves that the current West Sumatra’s policies did not provide a particular regulation in terms of implementation green tourism. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt a comprehensive cross-sectoral policy approach that actively engages stakeholders and other relevant actors in the development of a green tourism destination in Padang City. This approach is expected to significantly enhance the green tourism potential in Padang City across various related sectors, leading to improved community welfare. Furthermore, the involvement of tourism-conscious communities and various tourism actors is also expected to contribute to establishing Padang City as a prominent green tourist destination in West Sumatra. This study will offer valuable insights for the West Sumatra regional government and contribute to boosting both local and global tourist visits.

Candi Tebing Tegallinggah is a tourist attraction located in Bedulu Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency. Since it opened as a tourist attraction at the end of 2019, the level of tourist visits to Candi Tebing Tegallinggah is still relatively low, this is because access to information regarding the existence of Tebing Tegallinggah especially through online media is still very minimal. Story posts and reviews on social media regarding the existence of the Candi Tebing Tegallinggah are still very minimal, until March 2023 there were only 11 story posts and 26 reviews. Therefore, this research is very important to carry out to create a digital tourism website application in the development of the Candi Tebing Tegallinggah. Data collection in this research was carried out using in-depth interviews, observation, and document study methods. The data was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively using the digital tourism concept approach, the concept of potential tourist attractions, the concept of destination development, and the social action theory approach. The results of this research show that the potential tourist attraction of Tebing Tegallinggah is in the form of natural potential, cultural potential, and artificial potential. The digital tourism application for the Candi Tebing Tegallinggah tourist attraction takes the form of a website (https://canditebingtegallingah.id) which contains information regarding the location, history, and general description of the Candi Tebing Tegallinggah which contains virtual tour content. The development of Candi Tebing Tegallinggah as a tourist attraction has had a positive impact on the economy, socio-culture, and the surrounding environment. The application of digital tourism applications in developing the Candi Tebing Tegallinggah is expected to increase the number of tourist visits.

This research note aims to explore the relations between food tourism and short-video platforms, specifically TikTok, to understand how destinations promote food-related tourist experiences. Based on an exploratory qualitative approach, the study examines the role of food tourism in digital destination marketing focused on 29 TikTok videos from 16 global destinations. Results reveal that while food consumption is central to the promotion of these experiences, the content also emphasizes the preservation of local heritage and traditions through culinary products, dishes, and the surrounding environment. This highlights the importance of food in tourism marketing, as well as the collaborative creation of food tourism experiences that enhance the competitiveness of destinations. The research note contributes to advance research on the relationship between food tourism and social media, and it offers insights for future studies to explore the dynamic relations between destination marketing and food tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the significance of governance, few instruments are available to assess its practices in tourist destinations. This research endeavors to address that gap by proposing the tourist destination governance barometer (TDG barometer), a measurement tool that includes all governance dimensions. The objective is to provide destination authorities with a self‐assessment instrument that will enhance their understanding of governance practices and ultimately lead to improved management. The TDG barometer encompasses seven governance dimensions: participation, coherence, openness, effectiveness, responsibility, know‐how/quality, and simplicity. Comprising 31 attributes, the model is designed to be consistent, holistic, intensive, weighted, referable, comparable, and easy to apply. The final version of the TDG barometer has undergone rigorous evaluation by a panel of experts. It has been tested in a national organization evaluated with the EFQM excellence management model. Notably, the TDG barometer can be integrated with the EFQM model, enhancing its utility and effectiveness in destination management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The tourism sector in East Kalimantan Province is expected to contribute to the region’s economy over the domination of the mining industry. On the other hand, the main issue is that the province’s economy still relies much upon the mining-based sector, particularly coal. As green growth-based and sustainable development strategies have been embraced globally for future development, developing a tourism-based economy is associated with this implementation due to tropical and mangrove forest area resources owned by the province. This path, if consistently developed, means not only an improved proportion of non-mining sectors in total local GDP but also significant reductions of carbon emissions responsible for global warming and climate change. Less elaborated studies have discussed the case of tourism development for the case of coal-based at province level. This paper tries to contribute to the gap by descriptively summarizing the current conditions of the tourism destinations and their climate development in the region using SWOT analysis. Our study shows that East Kalimantan Province has a comparative advantage in natural tourism with ecotourism destinations. Mangrove forest attractions, for instance, recorded as many as 18 objects and if these objects are properly conserved, they may contribute to reducing the harmful effects led by greenhouse gases. Other tourist objects with nature backgrounds have also reached 124 in number, and there was one object recognized in the Indonesian Tourism Village Award. An increase in non-domestic tourist visits from 2013 to 2019 was also seen, though the number was less developed compared to national tourists, and it experienced a significant decrease due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Some limitations such as accessibility and amenities, human resource, branding, and marketing of tourist destinations hamper the development of the tourism sector and should be addressed to optimize its competitiveness. Policies that cut these burdens may improve the realization of sustainability in East Kalimantan’s Province economy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the complex context in which Cuba's tourism activity is developing, it is necessary to adjust the sector's management to international trends in order to increase the country's competitiveness as a destination. In recent years, it has been pointed out that there is a lack, at the country level, of studies linked to the strategic and integrated planning of the sector. In this scenario, and as part of the project: Development and Competitiveness of the Cuban tourist product, the present research is developed with the objective of designing strategic guidelines for the management of Cuban tourist destinations. In the same, a previous stage linked to the theoretical-conceptual study and the description of the elements linked to tourism in the destination was developed. Subsequently, three stages were developed using methods and techniques such as bibliographic analysis, surveys to experts and discussion groups. This made it possible to present the situational analysis of Cuba in terms of the management of its destinations, future perspectives, good practices of two of the countries that constitute direct competition, as well as to formulate a total of five strategic objectives and 30 guidelines to be taken into account for the design of strategies. The study highlights the need to recognize and assume the management of destinations from the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comparative assessment of emerging sustainability trends in tourist facilities, focusing on multiple hotels and resorts. By analyzing various aspects, such as energy efficiency, waste management, water conservation, and community engagement, this study evaluates the sustainability initiatives undertaken by these establishments. Through a systematic review of sustainability reports, practices, challenges, and innovations, it identifies key trends shaping the future of sustainable tourism in the hospitality industry. Initially, two case studies of hospitality developments that are awarded with sustainability prizes have been reviewed. These real estate developments are located in the Maldives and Greece, and following their detailed review, a comparison is drawn with a sample of multiple hotels in Pafos City, Cyprus. This study aims to ascertain the presence of a reciprocal relationship between sustainable tourism destinations and their immediate environs, encompassing the local community. This investigation hinges on an analysis of the sustainable practices implemented by hotels situated within these destinations. Moreover, this study explores the distance of hotels from achieving sustainable development by analyzing their environmental, social, and economic practices. This investigation encompasses a range of hotels in Cyprus and internationally. Recommendations toward a more sustainable approach for touristic real estate units has been made, and it is concluded that the development of sustainable tourist destinations requires active involvement from the local and the government authorities, supported by programs facilitating sustainable tourism. Encouraging synergies among businesses and supporting destination management partnerships are crucial. Sustainable hospitality should adhere to environmental excellence, social responsibility, and economic viability. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, hotel managers, and stakeholders seeking to enhance environmental performance and social responsibility within tourist accommodations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to investigate the structures of 935 conferences organised by OMICS and 296 conferences organised by WASET from 2015 through 2017. These conferences are characterised in existing literature as so-called predatory or questionable conferences that provide low-quality academic meetings. We analyse 40,224 presenters, focusing on top-ranked institutions according to three global university ranking systems (Academic Ranking of World Universities, Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and QS World University Rankings). Our analysis shows that participants in OMICS events were primarily researchers from the United States, India, the United Kingdom, and China. WASET attracted more researchers from Turkey, India, and South Korea. We found that 11.0% of OMICS and 5.7% of WASET presenters were affiliated with institutions ranked in the top 100 in one of the three aforementioned rankings. We also found that both companies mostly organised conferences in cities that were top tourist destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abella, S. (2020). Situación del sector turístico y la crisis. En F. J. Bauzá, & F. J. Melgosa, Turismo post Covid-19: El turismo después de la pandemia global. Análisis, perspectivas y vías de recuperación (p. 41-55). Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. Andrade, M. J. (2012): La generación de la imagen del destino a través de las fuentes de información y comunicación: El caso Gallego. Revista de Estudios Regionales, (93), 17-42. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=75524557001 Basquetour [@Basquetour_eus] (25 de marzo de 2020): Entre las medidas aprobadas para ayudar al sector del #turismo en la crisis del #COVID19, destaca la prestación extraordinaria por cese de actividad para los trabajadores por cuenta propia o autónomos, que alcanza hasta el 70% de la base reguladora. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1243064157722890240 Bauzá, F. J., & Melgosa, F. J. (2020). Turismo post Covid-19: El turismo después de la pandemia global. Análisis, perspectivas y vías de recuperación. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. Bello, E. (16 de diciembre de 2021). Cuáles son las previsiones y tendencias de comunicación para 2022. Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2022, de https://www.iebschool.com/blog/tendencias-comunicacion-digital-comunicacion-digital/ BEMYPARTNER (29 de marzo de 2021). ¿Cuáles son los cambios en la comunicación a raíz del covid-19? Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2022, de https://bemypartner.es/cambios-comunicacion-covid-19/ Candel, A. (2020). Comunicación y reputación corporativa de las empresas turísticas ante la crisis del coronavirus: Aplicación de la metodología del estudio de caso múltiple. [TFM, Universidad Camilo José Cela]. https://iddigitalschool.com/investigacion-tfm/comunicacion-y-reputacion-corporativa-de-las-empresas-turisticas-ante-la-crisis-del-coronavirus-aplicacion-de-la-metodologia-del-estudio-de-caso-multiple/ Carlsen Estrategia & Comunicación. (11 de noviembre de 2020). Comunicación corporativa en tiempos de pandemia. Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2020, de https://estrategiacarlsen.com/comunicacion-corporativa-covid.html Carrillo, M. V., Núñez De Prado, S., Delgado, J. P., & Castillo, A. (2009). Comunicación integral y responsabilidad social en las organizaciones. Pearson Educación. Castello, V. (2020). Desafíos y oportunidades para el turismo en el marco de la pandemia COVID-19. CUPEA Cuadernos de Política Exterior Argentina, (131), 115-118. https://doi.org/10.35305/cc.vi131.85 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (16 de marzo de 2020). Nuestras playas seguirán aquí, pero ahora #quédateencasa. Cuídate para volver. #yomequedoencasa #MediterráneoEnVivo. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1239641536150810625 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (19 de mayo de 2020). Orihuela, ciudad natal de Miguel Hernández y capital de la Vega Baja es un destino cultural imprescindible. Y muy pronto podrás comprarbarlo #SueñaElMediterráneoEnVivo. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1262820714559791105 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (22 de marzo de 2020). Primera semana superada. Nosotros estaremos esperándote en el #MediterráneoEnVivo #quédateencasa. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1241816922607333376 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (24 de abril de 2020). ¡Un vuelo para llevar la esperanza a todos los rincones de la sierra de la Solana! Un globo aeroestático sobrevolará desde hoy hasta el 1 de mayo, Bocairent y Fontanars dels Alforins #QuédateEnCasa #YoMeQuedoEnCasa. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1253579185211281408 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (29 de marzo de 2020). Rincones llenos de historia y majestuosidad estarán esperándote, pero ahora #quédateencasa. #MediterráneoEnVivo. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1244247938643169280 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (7 de abril de 2020). Planazos sin salir de casa: Visita virtual con tus hijos a la Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias de València: https://buff.ly/2yeyZDH #YoMeQuedoEnCasa #MediterráneoEnVivo. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1247418244757151745 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (8 de abril de 2020). Ideas para hacer con los peques de la casa: Diseñar tu propio ‘catxirulo’ de Semana Santa y volarlo desde la terraza #YoMeQuedoEnCasa #MediterráneoEnVivo. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1247787655087050752 Corzo, D., & Guatibonza, C. (julio de 2021). Marketing de destinos turísticos: un análisis de las tendencias mundiales post-COVID-19 en el departamento de Santander, Colombia. Kalpana - Revista De Investigación, (20), 70-92. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8530423 Costa, J. (2015). El paradigma DirCom. Joan Costa Institute. Del Águila, A. R., & Padilla, A. (2002). La comunicación en la empresa. Un enfoque estratégico. Servicio de Publicaciones e Intercambio Científico de la Universidad de Málaga. Departamento De Turismo, Comercio y Consumo [@DptoTurComCon]. (12 de marzo de 2020). El protocolo ante #COVID19 para el sector turístico recoge: (...). Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1238091297828810758 Departamento De Turismo, Comercio y Consumo [@DptoTurComCon]. (16 de marzo de 2020). El sector del #Turismo y del #Comercio cuenta con todo nuestro apoyo para afrontar esta situación excepcional. Estas son las medidas del #DecretoDeAlarma que afectan al comercio y la #hostelería en relación a la crisis sanitaria del #COVID19. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1239836529159213056 Departamento De Turismo, Comercio y Consumo [@DptoTurComCon]. (18 de abril de 2020): Volveremos, nos encontraremos muy pronto. Comercio y hostelería de #Euskadi gracias a los que estáis ahí, gracias a los que os quedáis en casa #ComerciodeEuskadi #nosencontraremospronto. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1252120780806279169 Departamento De Turismo, Comercio y Consumo [@DptoTurComCon]. (20 de abril de 2020): La consejera del @DptoTurComCon Sonia Pérez Ezquerra hace hincapié en la necesidad de apostar por el #comercio de proximidad y el #turismo interior como pilares sobre los que asentar la recuperación del sector tras la crisis de la #COVID19. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1252476868479066112 Emre, M., Cemberci, M., & Erdem, N. (2016). The role of Social Media in Crisis Communication and Crisis Management. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 5(3), 111-120. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3338292 Fernández, M. (2011) Comunicación y reputación en empresas e instituciones. Experiencias profesionales y propuestas prácticas. Editorial Universitas, S. A. González-Herrero, A. (1997): Marketing preventivo: La comunicación de crisis en el sector turístico. Estudios Turísticos(133), 5-28. Huertas, A., Oliveira, A., & Girotto, M. (2020): Gestión comunicativa de crisis de las oficinas nacionales de turismo de España e Italia ante la Covid-19. Profesional de la información, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.jul.10 Instituto de Comunicación e Investigación Sociológica- INCIS (15 de julio de 2021). ¿Cómo comunicar durante la crisis del coronavirus? Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2022, de https://incis.net/blog/comunicacion-coronavirus/ Instituto Nacional de Estadística- INE (2022). Cuenta satélite del turismo de España. Últimos datos. Instituto Nacional de Estadística- INE. (11 de diciembre de 2020). Cuenta Satélite del Turismo de España (CSTE). Revisión estadística 2019. Serie 2016 – 2019. https://www.ine.es/prensa/cst_2019.pdf Katz, D. & Kahn, R. L. (1999). Psicologia social das organizações. (2nd. ed.). São Paulo: Atlas. Martín, F. (2006). Comunicación Empresarial e Institucional (4ª ed.). Editorial Universitas, S. A. Muñiz, M. (13 de junio de 2021). España, potencia mundial en turismo y un motor de arrastre de la economía. El Mundo. https://www.elmundo.es/extras/2020/06/13/5ee382cbfc6c83150d8b470d.html Muñoz, I. (2022). Impacto económico del COVID-19 en el Sector Turístico Español. [Trabajo de fin de grado. Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Valladolid, España]. https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/handle/10324/56586/TFG-E-1579.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Nieto, J., Román, I., Bonillo, D., & Paulova, N. (2016). El turismo a nivel mundial. International Journal of Scientific Management and Tourism, 2(1), 129-144. https://ojs.scientificmanagementjournal.com/ojs/index.php/smj/article/view/140 Observatorio de Recursos Humanos ORH. (24 de marzo de 2021). Cuatro puntos clave de la comunicación post-COVID. Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2022, de https://www.observatoriorh.com/orh-posts/cuatro-puntos-clave-de-la-comunicacion-post-covid.html Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (18 de enero de 2022). El turismo crece un 4% en 2021, muy por debajo aún de los niveles prepandémicos. Recuperado el 11 de marzo de 2022, de https://www.unwto.org/es/taxonomy/term/347#:~:text=La%20contribuci%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20del%20turismo,3%2C5%20billones%20de%20d%C3%B3lares Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2021). The Economic Contribution of Tourism and the Impact of COVID-19. Madrid: UNWTO. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284423200 Padilla, A. y Del Águila, A.R. (2002). Las formas organizativas en la economía digital. De la estructura simple a la organización en red y virtual. Rama. STATISTA. (18 de febrero de 2021): El turismo receptor en España - Datos estadísticos. Recuperado el 14 de marzo de 2022, de https://es.statista.com/temas/2834/el-turismo-receptor-en-espana/#topicHeader__wrapper STATISTA. (8 de febrero de 2022). Evolución anual del número de visitantes internacionales en España de 2006 a 2021, por tipo. Recuperado el 14 de marzo de 2022, de https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/474658/visitantes-extranjeros-en-espana-por-tipo/ TOSCANO, C. (3 de junio de 2020). Comunicación institucional para atraer turismo tras la crisis. Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2022, de https://charotoscano.com/comunicacion-institucional-para-atraer-turismo/ TURESPAÑA. (2020). Memoria 2019. https://www.tourspain.es/es-es/Conozcanos/MemoriasAnuales/Memoria%20TURESPA%C3%91A%202019.pdf TURISMO COSTA BLANCA [@costablancaorg]. (2020, abril 16). HILO #QuédateEnCasa y apúntate a la ruta (virtual) de hoy: Faros de la #CostaBlanca Faro del Albir @alteaguide Faro de Villajoyosa @mach_82 Faro de Dénia @georgia_explores pic.twitter.com/fqhjnlqd18. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1250726486413279233 TURISMO DE BENIDORM [@visitbenidorm]. (13 de junio de 2020). #Benidorm abrirá este lunes 15 de junio, sus #playas siguiendo un plan específico que garantiza el uso de las playas a toda la población, residente y turista, en unas condiciones de #SeguridadSanitaria. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1271934447089262598 VALLEJO, R. (2015). El Gran Viaje: Sesenta años de turismo en España: 1955-2015. Madrid: Fundación EOI. VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (14 de abril de 2020). El entorno natural del barrio de Aia en Ataun es espectacular. ¿Serán estas unas de #lasMejoresVistasdeEuskadi? Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1249985827322695680 VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (14 de marzo de 2020). Toca ser responsables y seguir las recomendaciones de las autoridades. #Euskadi estará preparada para recibirte cuando sea el momento. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1238737145034149889 VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (17 de marzo de 2020). ¿Sabías que en #VitoriaGasteiz hay un museo único dedicado a los naipes y que puedes visitarlo de manera virtual? Apúntalo en la sección #sitiosquevisitar de tu cuaderno de deseos. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1239843691172442113v VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (18 de marzo de 2020). ¿Echas de menos un paseo por la playa? En la página de @Gipuzkoa puedes ver las olas en directo. No es lo mismo que sentir la arena bajo los pies, pero alivia un poco, ¿no? Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1240216443939102720 VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (2 de mayo de 2020). Las sidrerías recuperan su temporada, con medidas de seguridad y actividades para celebrar la reapertura. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1266313818684231681 VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (7 de abril de 2020). Sabes que en Euskadi sentimos auténtica pasión por la buena #gastronomía. Mientras piensas en tu próximo viaje, puedes disfrutarla con esta receta del Restaurante Mina de #Bilbao para #EuskadiGastronomika. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1247454381940801537 VISITVALÈNCIA [@Valenciaturismo]. (8 de mayo de 2020). ¡Restaurantes de #València que levantan la persiana! (...). Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1259011033789796352 XIFRA, J. (2020). Comunicación corporativa, relaciones públicas y gestión del riesgo reputacional en tiempos de Covid-19. El profesional de la información, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.mar.20 Zaldívar, E. B., & Gutiérrez, O. (2020). Gestión de la comunicación en situaciones de crisis. Buenas prácticas por marcas turísticas ante la pandemia de COVID-19. Alcance. Revista Cubana de Información y Comunicación, 9(24), 91-106. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2411-99702020000300091&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=es Zaldívar, E. B., & Gutiérrez, O. (2020). 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The rapid development of tourism has caused many tourists to be interested in enjoying it. Madura Island is a small archipelago and is part of East Java. Madura consists of 4 districts, namely Bangkalan district, Sampang district, Pamekasan district, and Sumenep district. With the number of districts owned, it creates a diversity of tourism. The development of the tourism sector must also be accompanied by the development of information technology. Utilization of technology can improve accommodation in supporting tourist destination services by designing an android-based application for searching for objects supporting Madura tourism destinations. The purpose of this research is to create an object search application that supports tourist destinations and serves as a medium for information about tourist locations on the island of Madura, making it more straightforward for tourists/users to enjoy their vacation. The stages of research carried out using ADDIE Model include knowing the system requirements, analysis and design, Development, implementation, and Evaluation. The results of the study are in the form of applications by detecting supporting objects including places of interest, gas stations, lodging, religion, culinary and health. It is expected that users when visiting Madura tourism will be easy, fun, and can enjoy their holidays.

The research objectives are to identify agro-tourism and culinary tourism spots, analyze the architectural landscape, develop the The Pasar KAMU as a culinary tourism based on local wisdom and analyze community and stakeholder participation in the development of the Pasar KAMU. Data methods and analysis use qualitative data methods and analysis and data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, and literature study. Research results: (1) the spots and facilities at Pasar KAMU are adequate for nature tourism and culinary tourism activities; (2) the layout and shape of the stand for selling traditional food at The Pasar KAMU applies an ecological architectural landscape and blends with nature, optimal use of local materials and resources; (3) culinary tourism which is served in the form of traditional Javanese and Malay food, processed manually and hygienic products (4) The medium of exchange at The Pasar KAMU is very unique, using tempo which has a nominal value of IDR 5000 and IDR 10,000 (5), The Pasar KAMU is superior tourist destinations are related to the participation of residents and tourism sector stakeholders which has an impact on increasing community income.

The study analysed the impact of tourism, trade, consumption expenditure, electricity usage, and population on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) in leading tourist destinations. The study uses a panel dataset of 32 countries from different continents between 2001 and 2020 and applies the generalized method of moments (GMM) and Quantile Regression approaches. The results suggest that tourism (arrivals and revenues) can reduce environmental degradation, and that CO2 emissions increase due to factors such as GDP per capita, electricity consumption, and population growth. Trade openness can reduce CO2 emissions, and controlling for final consumption also indicates a decrease in CO2 emissions. The study suggests that sustainable tourism practices, responsible consumption, and larger international integration may play a role in mitigating CO2 emissions. Leading tourist destinations should develop sustainable urban areas to accommodate population growth, and embrace eco-friendly technologies, infrastructure, and consumption patterns to promote sustainable economic growth while reducing CO2 emissions.

The spread of Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has had a negative impact on the tourism industry and the creative economy in Indonesia. Since February 2020 the number of foreign visitors coming to Indonesia has decreased. This also has an impact on state revenue in the tourism sector. Coupled with the existence of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) and the closure of access to and out of Indonesia, it has also caused a decrease in state revenue in the tourism sector. The purpose of this research is to find out the marketing communication of temple tourism destinations after the COVID-19 pandemic from a visitor perspective. This research is a research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by interviewing visitors to temple tourism destinations (Prambanan Temple and Ratu Boko Temple). The conclusion from this research is that post-COVID-19 pandemic marketing communications for temple tourism destinations from the visitor's point of view have not been fully implemented. Because based on visitors, word of mouth is the strongest factor for visitors visiting temple tourist destinations.

Second homes in Norway were traditionally dispersed within amenity-rich landscapes and natural environments. However, as the stock and demand for higher standards and contemporary infrastructure increased, awareness of extensive land use became more intrusive and triggered calls for national policy interventions to restrain and steer further development. This paper delves into the trajectory of second-home development in Norway over recent decades, specifically focusing on nine mountain villages. This paper is based on secondary research data spanning from 1970 to the present derived from national statistics, previous studies, documents and relevant literature and presents the following key findings: a) The emergence of new second homes is increasingly evident in well-established tourist destinations, evolving into full-fledged "mountain villages" and occurring in a limited, yet prominently visible number of locations; b) Rather than advocating for nationwide restrictions on second-home development and the construction justified with dense development in limited locations, a more effective approach involves placing greater emphasis on the local context resulting in more tailored developments to facilitate benefits while mitigating adverse impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Destination Image is a relevant investigation topic in the literature, few studies pay attention to Destination Image as reflected in tourists' evaluations and reviews on social networks. Given the importance of social media and the relationship between places and the image of those places, this investigation seeks to analyse visitors' perceptions of a tourist destination. The village of Nazaré (Portugal) was chosen for the analysis. The purpose was to analyse the perceptions of tourists to this village. Methodologically, a netnographic analysis was carried out considering the comments and evaluations made on the TripAdvisor platform, renowned among tourists. The three main attractions were found, and all the comments were counted (n = 565) over the 6-year period, from January 2018 to March 2023. It was possible to define the visitor profile. A content analysis was carried out that sought to categorise visitors' perceptions into fourteen categories, namely beach, landscapes, accessibility, recommendations, location, appreciation of the intangible, enjoyment of the experience, emotions, prices, climate, good for a walk, good gastronomy, tourist activity and senses. The contribution of this investigation is to recognise the importance of the village of Nazaré as a tourist destination, centred on the perception of its visitors. Although limited in its scope, this study emphasises the need for tourism promotion agents to focus their initiatives on the creation of immersive experiences and their emotions, as these were two of the categories little mentioned in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Observatorio Medioambiental is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Kampung Bakau Serip Tourism Village has the Pandang Tak Jemu Mangrove Ecotourism located in Nongsa, Batam City, Riau Archipelago. Pandang Tak Jemu Mangrove Ecotourism was used as the research location for this thesis. The purpose of this study is to describe the development strategy carried out by three parties. The three parties are the government, ecotourism managers, and local communities. In this study, the method used is a qualitative approach where the data analysis instrument is SWOT analysis. The elements of the SWOT analysis in this study are linked through the development indicators of 4A Tourism Destinations (Attraction, Accessibility, Amenities, Ancillary). All the resulting data were analyzed based on the quality of the data obtained through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature review. The data obtained is divided into two main data sections and supporting data, both data are analyzed to obtain the results of the Pandang Tak Jemu ecotourism development strategy from IFAS and EFAS. Results Strength (The strength) of this study the highest is the affordable cost and varied types of mangrove Pandang Tak Jemu Mangrove Ecotourism. Results Weaknesses (weaknesses) of this study are the lack of optimal marketing management and the involvement of third parties in the development of Pandang Tak Jemu Mangrove Ecotourism management. The results of the opportunities from this study are to have opportunities to develop SMEs in Tourism Villages and create jobs for local communities. Results Threats from this research are the inability to manage waste or garbage and policies that do not favor local communities. Therefore, for future researchers, the results of these findings can be used as a reference for more in-depth research so that they become studies that can be used by the government as a consideration for policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study aims to investigate the characteristics of socio-economic development in the context of countries' tourism advancement. The paper analyzes the Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) and the Happiness Rating (HR). The sample covers data from 102 countries for the year 2021. The analysis showed that there are differences in the relationships between TTDI and HR, as well as their sub-indices, among groups of countries distributed according to income level. The research methodology includes the use of such methods as correlation analysis to determine the relationships between indicators like factor analysis to identify the degree of indicators' influence on the sample and a graphical method to visualise the analysis results. The study uses the World Bank approach to classify countries into income groups. The study confirms that a country's welfare level is one factor that determines patterns in various areas, including tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Kinanthropologica is the property of University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)