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In this study, we examine municipal efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by focusing on emissions from vehicular sources. We compare what different cities have done to address the problem of GHG emissions from vehicles by using atmospheric data to assess the impact policy efforts have had on actual GHGs. We focus on an area overlooked in the literature, U.S. cities on the U.S.-Mexico transborder region. Using GHG vehicular emissions data from the Center for Neighborhood Technology (CNT) and an ordinary least square model, this research foundcities have reduced levels of GHGs, especially when municipal efforts are supported by state policies to reduce GHG emissions. While GHG in general are transboundary and a global issue by nature, communities in the U.S. border region are directly impacted by vehicular emissions due to cross-border trade that is not prevalent in interior communities. However, one of the main limitations in this type of study is the lack of reportable environmental data for less populated cities on the U.S.-Mexico border. Future studies need to develop alternative approaches to sustainability that could provide a more nuanced examination of some of the challenges or success in the U.S. transborder region.

Статья посвящена анализу деятельности национально-культурных объединений, выявлении их роли в формировании межэтнических отношений в социальном пространстве Алтайского края. Приведены результаты социологического исследования, проведенного в 2018 г. на территории Алтайского края. По результатам исследования сделан ряд выводов, касающихся деятельности национально-культурных некоммерческих организаций в условиях, определяемых актуальным состоянием межнациональных отношений в регионе, уровнем доверия населения к деятельности представительных структур гражданского общества, эффективностью реализации в регионе государственной национальной политики. В статье представлен анализ сложившихся в регионе институциональных условий для межэтнических взаимодействий, которые способствуют эффективной реализации деятельности национально-культурных организаций, большая часть из которых имеет высокий уровень удовлетворенности своей активностью. В наибольшей степени эффективность НКА определяется уровнем сплоченности населения, готовности людей объединяться для защиты национально-культурных интересов. Полученные результаты будут полезны для разработки эффективных инструментов формирования позитивных межнациональных отношений в регионе., The article focuses on the analysis of activity of ethnic cultural associations, revealing their role in formation of inter-ethnic relations in the social space of the Altai territory on the base of results of sociological survey, conducted in 2018. Several important conclusions are made on the results of the research, concerning the activity of ethnic cultural organizations in conditions, defined by the actual state of inter-ethnic relations in the region, the level of trust towards activity of civil society structures, efficacy of State policy on nationalities. The analysis of institutional conditions of inter-ethnic relations, necessary for effective realization of goals of ethnic cultural NGOs in the region, most of which demonstrate high level of satisfaction, is likewise presented. It was found that the efficacy of autonomous ethnic cultural organizations (AECO) is largely depends on social cohesion and readiness of people to organize themselves in defense of their ethno-cultural interests. The results will be useful for elaboration of effective measures of forming positive inter-ethnic relations in the region.

Resumo O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a dinâmica territorial proporcionada pela atividade turística nas cidades trigêmeas de Foz do Iguaçu (Brasil), Ciudad del Este (Paraguai) e Puerto Iguazú (Argentina). Por meio do número de visitantes, fornecido por órgãos estatísticos, será constatada essa dinâmica em quatro grandes atrativos turísticos: Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional del Iguazú, Itaipu Binacional e Ruínas Jesuíticas. A atividade turística tem sido um elo de integração entre essas três cidades, que formam uma região transfronteiriça. Há, porém, que se destacar o papel centralizador de Foz do Iguaçu, seja pelas ações que desencadeia por meio dos serviços oferecidos, seja pela quantidade de objetos existentes. Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las dinámicas territoriales generadas por la actividad turística en las ciudades gemelas de Foz do Iguaçu (Brasil), Ciudad del Este (Paraguay) y Puerto Iguazú (Argentina). Por el número de visitantes, proporcionado por los organismos de estadística, se observó esta dinámica en cuatro principales lugares de interés turístico: el Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, el Parque Nacional del Iguazú, Itaipú Binacional y las ruinas jesuíticas. La actividad turística ha sido un vínculo de integración entre estas tres ciudades, que forman una región transfronteriza; sin embargo, hay que destacar el papel centralizador de Foz do Iguaçu por los servicios que ofrece y la cantidad de objetos existentes. Abstract This article analyzes the territorial dynamics generated by tourism in the tri-cities of Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil), Ciudad del Este (Paraguay) and Puerto Iguazú (Argentina). This dynamic, generated by the number of visitors, can be seen in the four main tourist sites: the Iguaçu National Park (Brazil), the Iguazu National Park (Argentina) the Itaipú Binacional Hydroelectric Power Plant and the Jesuit Ruins. Tourism has been an integration factor between these three cities, which form a transborder region; nevertheless, Foz do Iguaçu plays a central role for the services it offers and the number of existing objects.

The author makes a conceptualization of the term "cross border region" through eight structural

The narratives of migration as adaptation and in situ adaptation are well established in mainstream adaptation policy and are usually presented as independent and opposing trends of action. A common and fundamental element of such narratives is the depoliticized conception of both migration and adaptation. Using a trans-scalar approach, we address the migration&ndash, coffee&ndash, climate change nexus: first at a regional scale, at the conflictive border of Guatemala&ndash, Mexico, to show the contradiction between the current Central American migratory crisis and the narrative of migration as adaptation, second, at a local scale and from an ethnographic perspective, we focus on the process of in situ adaptation in shade-grown coffee plots of smallholder coffee farmers in the Tacan&aacute, Volcano cross-border region, between Chiapas and Guatemala. We argue that the dichotomy &ldquo, in situ adaptation&rdquo, versus &ldquo, migration as adaptation&rdquo, is not useful to capture the intertwined and political nature of both narratives, as illustrated in the case of the renovation of smallholders&rsquo, coffee plots in a context of climatic changes. We provide elements to contribute towards the repolitization of adaptation from an integral perspective.

The trilingual country of Luxembourg accounts for the highest percentage of cross-border workers in the European Union. These workers commute daily from France, Belgium and Germany to Luxembourg. Their presence in the national labour market results in increasing linguistic and cultural diversity at Luxembourgish workplaces. Drawing upon interview and interactional data, the present contribution is the first to investigate how cross-border workers in Luxembourg perceive and deal with multilingualism and interculturality, and presents a range of related linguistic and intercultural practices.

Розглянуто особливості розвитку польсько-німецького транскордонного регіону. Визначено основні характеристики соціально-економічного стану польського та німецького прикордоння. Показано вплив транскордонного співробітництва на соціально-економічний стан прикордонних територій Польщі та Німеччини.The main development features of Polish-German transborder region are considered. The main social and economic characteristics of Polish and German borderlands are determined. Influence transborder cooperation on social and economic status of Polish and German borderlands are showed.

Розглянуто сутність сталого просторового розвитку транскордонного регіону, його місце та значення в процесі регіоналізації та інтеграції. The еssence of sustainable spatial development of transborder region, its place and significance in the process of regionalization and integration are considered.

Досліджено розвиток транскордонного співробітництва України як чинника, що сприяє підвищенню конкурентоспроможності регіону. The works is devoted research of the development of transborder collaboration of Ukraine as a factor which assists increase of competitiveness of region.

Розглянуто теоретичні підходи до вивчення транскордонного кластеру як стимулюючого фактору забезпечення сталого просторового розвитку регіону. The theoretical approaches to the analysis of transborder cluster as a factor of sustainable space development of region are considered.

This paper analyzes demographic trends in Croatian-Hungarian border area. The aim of this work is to determine the intensity of transborder relations and processes in neighboring areas in the period of "loosening" of the Croatian-Hungarian border and their reflection in space. This will be determined through the analysis of the population trends in the last intercensal period (1991-2001 in Croatia, 1990-2001 in Hungary). The assumption is that significant transborder cooperation has not been established yet and that a transborder region has not been formed despite the "loosening" of the border. This statement has been confirmed by comparing demographic trends in the settlements with border crossings, in the settlements along the border but without border crossings, in the settlements that are within 10 km from the border but do not have an exit to it and finally, in other settlements of the border area from Croatian and Hungarian side of the border.

This paper analyzes passengers' traffic across the border crossings and demographic trends in Croatian-Hungarian border area. The aim of this work is to determine the intensity of transborder relations and processes in neighbouring areas in the period of "loosening" of the Croatian-Hungarian border and their reflection in space. This will be determined through the analysis of the population trends in the last intercensal period (1991-2001 in Croatia, 1990-2001 in Hungary). The assumption is that significant transborder cooperation has not been established yet and that a transborder region has not been formed despite the "loosening" of the border. This statement has been confirmed by comparing demographic trends in the settlements with border crossings, in the settlements along the border, but without border crossings, in the settlements that are within 10 km from the border, but do not have an exit to it and finally, in other settlements of the border area from the Croatian and Hungarian side of the border., U radu su analizirani promet putnika preko graničnih prijelaza te demografska kretanja u hrvatsko-mađarskom pograničnom području. Cilj rada je analizom općeg kretanja stanovništva u posljednjem međupopisnom razdoblju (1991.-2001. u Hrvatskoj, 1990.-2001. u Mađarskoj) utvrditi intenzitet transgraničnih odnosa i procesa u susjednim područjima u razdoblju "omekšavanja" hrvatsko-mađarske granice te njihov odraz u geoprostoru. Pretpostavka je da usprkos "omekšavanju" promatrane granice nije došlo do uspostavljanja značajnije transgranične suradnje niti formiranja transgranične regije. Navedena teza potvrđena je komparacijom demografskih kretanja u naseljima s graničnim prijelazima, naseljima uz granicu bez graničnih prijelaza, naseljima koja su udaljena do 10 km od granice, a ne izlaze na nju, i u ostalim naseljima pograničnog područja s hrvatske i mađarske strane granice.

Il contributo sintetizza la ricerca sui processi di integrazione dell'insediamento lungo il confine orientale d'Italia, in corso presso il Dipartimento di Scienze Geografiche e Storiche dell'Università di Trieste, sotto la direzione del prof. G. Battisti, nell'ambito dell'omonimo progetto Interreg III Italia-Slovenia.