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WOS: 000471280400036, Various investigations have confirmed that pupils and teachers' learning/teaching performance and health depend heavily on the quality and amount of daylight and indoor thermal conditions. The primary aim of using natural light in schools is to reduce energy consumption and costs, but it should also improve students' performance. An appropriate configuration of windows improves visual and thermal comfort by reducing glare, distributing light and controlling solar energy gain. The study focuses on the impact of different transparency ratios (WWR) and window combinations in two critical orientations (west and east) on occupants' comfort and the energy demands of a classroom. A building was selected for a case study investigation at the design stage. One east-facing and one west-facing classroom were studied. The two classrooms were simulated with the aid of the lighting and energy simulation programs DIALux Evo 6.0, DesignBuilder 5.5 and EnergyPlus 8.9. The results indicated that a glazing ratio of 50% would reduce the requirement for artificial lighting by at least 15% as well as providing more comfortable conditions.

Розглянуто проблему оцінки додаткових похибок при вимірюванні температури телевізійним пірометром. Запропоновано методики оцінки додаткових похибок вимірювання температури, обумовлених геометричним шумом та мікрозмінами коефіцієнта випромінювальної здатності і коефіцієнта пропускання середовища в ході неперервного технологічного процесу. Отримано аналітичні вирази для розрахунку додаткових відносних похибок вимірювання температури засобами телевізійної пірометрії., Рассмотрено проблему оценки дополнительных погрешностей при измерении температуры телевизионным пирометром. Предложены методики оценки дополнительных погрешностей, обусловленных микроизменениями коэффициента излучаемой способности, изменениями коэффициента пропускания и геометрическим шумом. Получены формулы для рассчета относительных погрешностей измерения температуры средствами телевизионной пирометрии., The pyrometry problem of the estimation of the additional errors while measuring the temperature by television pyrometer are reviewed. A new method is proposed that will allow for estimation of additional errors caused by the micro-changes in the radiation ratio, transparency ratio and geometric noise. The algorithms for the calculation of the relative errors in the temperature measurements are substantiated.

The properties of strange (K, (K) over bar and (K) over bar*) and open-charm (D, (D) over bar and D*) mesons in dense matter are studied using a unitary approach in coupled channels for meson-baryon scattering. In the strangeness sector, the interaction with nucleons always comes through vector-meson exchange, which is evaluated by chiral and hidden gauge Lagrangians. For the interaction of charmed mesons with nucleons we extend the SU(3) Weinberg-Tomozawa Lagrangian to incorporate spin-flavor symmetry and implement a suitable flavor symmetry breaking. The in-medium solution for the scattering amplitude accounts for Pauli blocking effects and meson self-energies. On one hand, we obtain the K, (K) over bar and (K) over bar* spectral functions in the nuclear medium and study their behaviour at finite density, temperature and momentum. We also make an estimate of the transparency ratio of the gamma A -> K+ K*(-) A' reaction, which we propose as a tool to detect in-medium modifications of the (K) over bar* meson. On the other hand, in the charm sector, several resonances with negative parity are generated dynamically by the s-wave interaction between pseudoscalar and vector meson multiplets with 1/2(+) and 3/2(+) baryons. The properties of these states in matter are analyzed and their influence on the open-charm meson spectral functions is studied. We finally discuss the possible formation of D-mesic nuclei at FAIR energies., This research was supported by DGI and FEDER funds, under Contract Nos. FIS2011-28853-C02-02, FIS2011-24149, FIS2011-24154, FPA2010-16963 and the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme CPAN (CSD2007-00042), by Junta de Andalucia Grant No. FQM-225, by Generalitat Valenciana under Contract No. PROMETEO/2009/0090, by the Generalitat de Catalunya under contract 2009SGR-1289 and by the EU HadronPhysics3 project, Grant Agreement No. 283286. O.R. wishes to acknowledge support from the Rosalind Franklin Programme.

It is difficult to estimate water pollution objectively with transparency because the transparency is affected sensitively by the subjectivity of an observer and sunshine in a observing place. However the transparency ratio, which is here defined as a ratio of the transparencies of each sample measured on the same condition, can be a objective standard for estimating turbidity. In the present paper, the concept of transparency ratio is derived from the Beer‐Lambert's law and the validity of the transparency ratio is verified by field data. Geometrical calculation for the intensity of incident ray through a transparency apparatus brought a practical table for modifying transparency and led to the conclusion that the modified transparency should be used to obtain the transparency ratio for turbid water., 透視度は測定者の主観や日照条件に大きく影響され，これを用いて水質汚濁を客観的に評価するのは難しい。しかし同一条件で測定された個々の試料の透視度の比をとることによって濁度を推定すめための客観的な尺度となり得る。本論文ではBeer-Lambertの法則から透視度比の概念を誘導し，現場測定値を用いてその有効性を確認した。加えて，透視度測定における光路を幾何学的に計算し，透視度比による水分汚濁評価の精度について考察した。その結果，透視度が小さいときにはTable2に示した補正透視度を用いて比を求めることで透視度比の精度が向上することがわかった。こうした透視度比は一般市民の感覚を損なわない上に慣用的な透視度以上に水質汚濁の指標になりうると思われる。