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Background: The rising costs of synthetic fertilizers highlight the need for eco-friendly alternatives to enhance essential oil production in aromatic plants. This study evaluated the effects of red algae seaweed extract [Solieria chordalis (C. Agardh) J. Agardh] on holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) in the Western Himalayas, by using five concentrations (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mL/L) and two application methods (drenching and foliar spray) in a factorial randomized block design analysing data at 5% significance level. Seaweed extract significantly improved growth and yield, with the highest essential oil content and biomass. By examining various concentrations and application techniques, the study seeks to determine the best practices for maximizing essential oil production. Results: Application of S. chordalis at 7.5 mL/L, increased essential oil content by 71.4% and biomass by 63.4% compared to the control. The foliar application also resulted in 50% higher essential oil content than drenching. Application of S. chordalis at 7.5 mL/L significantly enhanced essential oil components like eugenol, methyl eugenol, and methyl cinnamate by 61.5%, 17.6% and, 48.4%, respectively, compared to control. Based on the results of the present study, the foliar application of 7.5 mL/L seaweed extract is recommended for optimizing holy basil growth, biomass yield, essential oil content and composition. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, the foliar application of 7.5 mL/L seaweed extract is recommended for optimizing holy basil growth, biomass yield, essential oil content and composition. This study encourages the utilization of bio-stimulants, enhancing sustainability, and resilience in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Dentin adhesion is challenging and needs modifications. Newly introduced nature-derived materials may be a useful solution in improving dentin adhesion. The use of natural antimicrobial agents for pretreating prepared dentin surfaces before restoration has become of interest.Purpose: The present study investigated the effect of natural compounds on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite adhesively bonded to dentin.Materials and Method: Sixty extracted human molar teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n= 10); Group I: two-step etch and rinse adhesive system, Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2) (experimental control), Group II: 2.5% Chitosan+etch+SB2, Group III: 15% Neem (Azadirachta indica)+etch+SB2, Group IV: 15% Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)+etch+SB2, Group V: 2% Aloe vera+etch+SB2, and group VI: 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX)+etch+SB2. Resin composite (Z350, 3M ESPE USA) was placed over the prepared dentin surfaces and was light cured. Data analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (p< 0.05).Results: Neem specimens showed the highest mean SBS, statistically greater than the contr-ol (p= 0.042). Other experimental groups showed no significant differences in SBS comparison to the control. The mean SBS values of 2.5% Chitosan, 15% Neem, 15% Tulsi, and 2% Aloe vera were significantly higher than 2% CHX (p= 0.046, p= 0.001, p= 0.010 and p =0.002 respectively).Conclusion: Dentin pretreatment with Neem may improve the bond strength of a two-step etch and rinse adhesive system. The application of Chitosan, Tulsi, Aloe vera, and CHX did not demonstrate significantly different SBS values from that of the Control, although CHX was lower.

Statement of the Problem: Dentin adhesion is challenging and needs modifications. Newly introduced nature-derived materials may be a useful solution in improving dentin adhesion. The use of natural antimicrobial agents for pretreating prepared dentin surfaces before restoration has become of interest. Purpose: The present study investigated the effect of natural compounds on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite adhesively bonded to dentin. Materials and Method: Sixty extracted human molar teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n= 10); Group I: two-step etch and rinse adhesive system, Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2) (experimental control), Group II: 2.5% Chitosan+etch+SB2, Group III: 15% Neem (Azadirachta indica)+etch+SB2, Group IV: 15% Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)+etch+SB2, Group V: 2% Aloe vera+etch+SB2, and group VI: 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX)+etch+SB2. Resin composite (Z350, 3M ESPE USA) was placed over the prepared dentin surfaces and was light cured. Data analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (p< 0.05). Results: Neem specimens showed the highest mean SBS, statistically greater than the control (p= 0.042). Other experimental groups showed no significant differences in SBS comparison to the control. The mean SBS values of 2.5% Chitosan, 15% Neem, 15% Tulsi, and 2% Aloe vera were significantly higher than 2% CHX (p= 0.046, p= 0.001, p= 0.010 and p =0.002 respectively). Conclusion: Dentin pretreatment with Neem may improve the bond strength of a two-step etch and rinse adhesive system. The application of Chitosan, Tulsi, Aloe vera, and CHX did not demonstrate significantly different SBS values from that of the Control, although CHX was lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focused on the development and evaluation of a herbal cream with anti-inflammatory properties as a natural alternative to conventional creams containing synthetic drugs, such as diclofenac, which are associated with side effects like itching, allergies and potential accumulation issues. Herbal formulations offer the potential for effective inflammation relief without these adverse effects. The herbal cream was prepared by heating the oil phase comprising beeswax, Vaseline, and soft liquid paraffin to 70°C and the aqueous phase containing alcoholic extracts of capsaicin, turmeric, neem, tulsi, menthol, almond oil, and preservatives to 75°C. The aqueous phase was then gradually incorporated into the oil phase at 70°C under continuous stirring, followed by cooling to room temperature and packaging. Evaluation of the cream included tests for pH, uniformity, appearance, consistency, application ease, and removability. Initial results indicated that the formulation displayed favorable physical characteristics, suggesting its potential as an effective anti-inflammatory alternative to synthetic drugbased creams without their associated adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocimum santum, commonly known as the Tulsi plant in India; has been used for various diseases since ancient times. Through various scientific researches, Researchers have proven that Tulsi plants have antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiseptic, anticancer, antidiabetic and immune-boosting properties. This compressive and broad literature on Ocimum sanctum was carried out by different reliable records from the internet like Pub Med, NCBI, Research Gate, Science Direct, Google Scholar and various other trustworthy sources to know Tulsi plant’s frequent medicinal use for various common diseases at the current time. According to a thorough study of the literature, we find that the Ocimum sanctum has a wide variety of pharmacological activities. It is a prestigious plant with a wide spectrum of biological potential, and there is plenty of room for research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An ulceration is a full-thickness epithelial break. This may cause discomfort and make it harder to speak, eat and drink. It might be difficult to identify oral ulcerative lesions due to the wide range of presenting symptoms and causal variables. There are both systemic and local causes that might lead to ulcer development. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of herbal extracts of saffron, withania somnifera, Dry ginger, Tulsi as an antimicrobial agent in oral ulcers. Materials and methodology: Mueller Hinton agar plates were prepared and sterilized using an autoclave at 121°C for 15-20 minutes. After sterilization, the bacterial suspension was made to spread evenly onto the agar plates using sterile cotton swabs. Wells of 9mm diameter were created in the agar plates using a sterile polystyrene tip. The wells were then filled with different concentrations of withania somnifera, dry ginger, tulsi and saffron. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and 48 hours for fungal cultures and then antimicrobial properties were evaluated. Results: Antimicrobial activity of the gel was highest against E.coli when the amount of concentration increased from 25 ug/ml to 100 ug/ml while the lowest antimicrobial activity was against Streptococcus aureus. Conclusion: This study gives as a clear understanding that the naturally occurring constituents of medicinal herbs will be able to resolve oral ulcers irrespective of their etiology. Hence, herbal medicines can be used as an adjunct to synthetic drugs available commercially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enduring problem of kidney stone disease continues to afflict humans worldwide, with its recurrence being the most worrisome factor. Among the variety of stone-forming compounds, uric acid has received less attention despite being a significant contributor to the development of kidney stones. Throughout history, natural plant derivatives have served as a low-cost alternative for treating kidney stones. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Tulsi) is an indigenous medicinal plant primarily found in the Indian subcontinent and has gained recognition for its efficacy in managing various ailments, particularly kidney stones. The current investigation delves into the inhibitory capability of tulsi extract on in vitro uric acid crystallization. The addition of tulsi extract to synthetic urine resulted in a delay in the induction of uric acid crystallization and a decrease in the uric acid crystal size in a concentration dependent manner. At pH 5, a 19 fold increase in the induction time and a 3 fold decrease in the crystal size were observed when the concentration of tulsi extract was increased from 27.5 to 110 µg/mL. The current study effectively illustrates the inhibitory potential of tulsi extract in curbing uric acid crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of multifunctional microbial fertilizer and inorganic macronutrient fertilizers N, P, K on plant biomass, essential oil yield, chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) grown in Hanoi, Vietnam. Among the four formulas tested, F2 emerged as the most favourable, comprising a basal fertilization of 10 tons of decomposed manure, 15 kg of multifunctional microbial fertilizer, 150 kg of P fertilizer, and 75 kg of K fertilizer, together with top dressing of 200 kg of N fertilizer and 75 kg of K fertilizer per hectare.  This formula yielded the highest tulsi dry biomass (4.73 ton/ha), essential oil yield (0.831%), and essential oil production (39.29 L/ha), which were significantly different (p < 0.001) from those of the remaining formulas. In addition, the concentration of the essential oil main compound - eugenol (63.1%) of tulsi in F2 was also the highest, which may be the cause of the strongest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli (IC50 of 320, 273 µg/mL, respectively), and antifungal activity against Candida albicans (IC50 of 400 µg/mL), as well as antioxidant activity (IC50 of 0.165 µg/mL) compared to the other formulas tested. The results suggested the role of both multifunctional microbial fertilizer and inorganic macronutrient fertilizers N, P, K on growth and essential oil biosynthesis in tulsi. These findings are important in identifying the most efficient fertilization formula for cultivating tulsi, serving the needs of the cosmetic and medicinal industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review explores the effectiveness of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in identifying and categorizing diseases affecting Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaves. Tulsi, or holy basil, is renowned for its medicinal properties, including its ability to protect against infections and diseases of the liver, skin, kidney, and more. Its antioxidant properties make it beneficial for heart health and diabetes management. Deep Learning (DL) algorithms, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) like InceptionV3 and ResNet, have been used to identify and categorize various species of the Tulsi plant. This technology automates disease detection and classification, enabling early diagnosis and effective treatment. The paper reviews various ML algorithms used for similar tasks and their accuracy, aiming to unlock Tulsi's potential as a potent natural remedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medicinal plant tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) is acknowledged for its invigorating and healing properties that enhance resilience to stress in various human and animal models by modulating antioxidant compounds. While extensive research has documented these effects in humans, the adaptogenic potential of tulsi in stressful in vitro plant systems has not been explored. This study aimed to elucidate the adaptogenic properties of tulsi leaf extract on the in vitro regeneration of tobacco leaf explants through an investigation of the indoleamines at different developmental stages. Shoot regeneration from leaf explants on the medium supplemented with tulsi extract (20%) was compared to the control, and the differences in indoleamine compounds were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Treatment of the explants with the extract resulted in an almost two-fold increase in the number of regenerants after four weeks of culture, and 9% of the regenerants resembled somatic embryo-like structures. The occurrence of browning in the extract-treated explants stopped on day 10, shoots began to develop, and a significant concentration of tryptamine and N-acetyl-serotonin accumulated. A comparative analysis of indoleamine compounds in intact and cut tobacco leaves also revealed the pivotal role of melatonin and 2-hydroxymelatonin functioning as antioxidants during stress adaptation. This study demonstrates that tulsi is a potent adaptogen that is capable of modulating plant morphogenesis in vitro, paving the way for further investigations into the role of adaptogens in plant stress biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The substantial genetic enhancement of broiler chickens, coupled with the use of growth-promoting additives in feed, has led to accelerated growth rates, and elevated fat deposition in broiler. Clove and tulsi, well-known medicinal plants, have been shown to improve both the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of clove and tulsi supplementation on the composition and cellular makeup in visceral and subcutaneous fat depots of broiler chickens. Sixty Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups to receive different supplemental treatments via drinking water. The groups included: S0 (control), receiving no additional supplements; S1, receiving 0.5% clove and 2% tulsi; S2, receiving 1% clove and 3% tulsi; and S3, receiving 1.5% clove and 4% tulsi from day 8 to 28. On days 14 and 28, five broilers from each group were euthanized, and their visceral and subcutaneous fat depots were collected, weighed, and subjected to histological analysis to assess adipocyte histomorphology and histomorphometry. The S1 and S2 groups exhibited higher relative percentages of visceral fat depot, larger adipocyte size, and a greater percentage of larger adipocytes compared to the control, while adipocyte density was lower. Conversely, the S3 group showed minimal deviation from the control. Notably, no significant histomorphological differences were observed among the experimental groups. These findings suggest that clove and tulsi supplementation may modulate adipose tissue dynamics and cellularity depending on the concentration of supplementation. [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2024; 7(3.000): 546-555]

Background: Chronic mucocutaneous symptoms are a hallmark of lichen planus (LP), an inflammatory disease of the stratified squamous epithelium. The most severe type of mucosal lichen is oral erosive lichen planus (OELP). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients were included in this prospective trial, with fifteen patients each assigned to Group A and Group B. Patients were given a choice between a placebo gel and an ayurvedic gel comprising pure turmeric, Calendula officinalis, and tulsi powder in an oral basis. At each appointment, the patients' reactions to therapy were scored on the Tel Aviv-San Francisco Scale, whereas the degree of the fire was rated using a Visual Analog Scale. Data analysis was carried out using IBM's Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Insights version 21. Results: After receiving ayurvedic gel, patients in Group A reported much less burning than those in Group B (placebo). Group A responded better to therapy overall than Group B. Conclusion: This study's findings support the use of an ayurvedic gel made from pure turmeric, Calendula officinalis, and tulsi powder for the treatment of erosive lichen planus.

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection starting from December 2019 raised global health concern. The negative effects of conventional medications, and the rise in antimicrobial resistance have prompted researchers to explore natural resources, particularly plants, which offer enormous potential as antiviral agents. Ocimum sanctum referred to as Tulsi, has been widely used in traditional Indian medicine. Several compounds with antiviral properties are present in essential oils and extracts multiple Ocimum species. Tulsi extracts are known to strengthen the immune system. Ocimum genus has been found to have antiviral properties against viruses such as Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus, Adenovirus, Enterovirus 71, Parainfluenza virus type 3, Hepatitis C virus, and SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence of the bioactive phytocompounds from Tulsi as an effective alternative for the treatment of infections caused by coronaviruses. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the search for alternative antiviral treatments has gained huge importance. This review not only highlights the potential of Ocimum sanctum as a valuable natural resource but also provides insights into the molecular interactions of its bioactive compounds with SARS-CoV-2 targets. These findings hold promise for the development of novel antiviral agents, addressing the need for effective treatments against coronaviruses. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted with the objective to find effective drug against bacterial bovine endometritis using Molecular docking. The antibacterial property of selected plants was studied and its comparison with conventional antibiotics was done. The plants selected for study were Tulsi and Garlic on the basis of their potent antibacterial activity. Selection of bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) for the present study was done on the basis of most predominant bacteria causing bovine endometritis as observed in previous studies. The selected bacterial proteins were docked against the phytochemicals of plants. Vital proteins of Staphylococcus aureus are Gyrase B (3G75), FtsA (3WQU), DNA ligase (3JSN), Dehydrosqualene synthase (3TFN) and Escherichia coli are FtsZ (6UMK), DNA gyrase (1KZN) and ZapD (5DKO). The docking procedure was carried out using Autodock. It was concluded that, gentamicin (-6.95 Kcal/mol), enrofloxacin (-6.97 Kcal/mol) and Tulsi (-6.40 Kcal/mol) showed better binding affinity followed by garlic (-3.89 Kcal/mol). Apigenin, a phytoconstituent found in tulsi, demonstrated the highest binding affinity(ranging from -7.2 Kcal/mol to -9.2 Kcal/mol) of all the phytochemicals found in garlic and tulsi against the targeted proteins found in bacteria. Hence, Tulsi alone or in combination with garlic can be used for further in vivo or in vitro trials in the direction of effective drug discovery against bacterial bovine endometritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This work aims to synthesize the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using a dual extract of tulsi and Vinca (T+V-Gold) for breast cancer tumor regression. Methods: The GNPs were synthesized and characterized for their microscopic, spectroscopic and crystalline properties. Further, the GNPs were investigated for in vitro and in vivo studies for the treatment of the 4T1-induced triple-negative breast cancer murine model. Results: The GNPs for 4T1 tumor-challenged mice resulted in delayed tumor development and lower tumor burden, with T+V-Gold demonstrating the highest prevention of tumor spread. The antitumor effect of T+V-Gold is highly significant in the glutathione family antioxidants glutathione S-transferase and glutathione in tumor tissue samples. Conclusion: The bioefficacy and anticancer outcomes of T+V-Gold nanoformulation can be used as therapeutic agents and drug-delivery vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: The main aim of this research is to provide literature on the Ocimum plant, and to know the significance of the Ocimum species carried out by pharmacognostic study and experimental design for GC-MS. Ocimum genus are very important for their therapeutic potential among the most important aromatic herbs. Methods: Extreme attention has been put on literature reports in which the utilization of tulsi and their pharmacognostic study has been done by performing morphological and microscopic leaf experimental design and by using essential oil through the GC-MS instrumentation method. Results: The utilization of these characteristics would be important for the drug discovery scientist to develop a specific formulation of the crude drug, which will be a magical therapeutic agent in the future, with many advantages. GC-MS chromatogram of Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum canum, and Ocimum gratissimum oil showed major peaks and has been identified after comparison of the mass spectra with the NIST library, indicating the presence of three phytocomponents. From the results, the GC-MS study suggested that anethole which is well reported antimicrobial compound is more in O. canum (2.66%) in comparison to O. sanctum (1,28%) but absent in O. gratissimum. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activity is more in O. canum due to the presence ofa high amount of anethole in comparison to O. gratissimum and O. sanctum. Interpretation & conclusion: The result revealed that O. canum has a microscopic character that can be identified by the characteristic GC MS analysis of extracts to distinguish between different species of the ocimum plant.

Stroke-like injuries in the brain result in not only cell death at the site of the injury but also other detrimental structural and molecular changes in regions around the stroke. A stroke-induced alteration in the lipid profile interferes with neuronal functions such as neurotransmission. Preventing these unfavorable changes is important for recovery. Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi extract) is known to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. It is possible that Tulsi imparts a neuroprotective effect through the lipophilic transfer of active ingredients into the brain. Hence, we examined alterations in the lipid profile in the cerebral cortex as well as the plasma of mice with a photothrombotic-ischemic-stroke-like injury following the administration of a Tulsi extract. It is also possible that the lipids present in the Tulsi extract could contribute to the lipophilic transfer of active ingredients into the brain. Therefore, to identify the major lipid species in the Tulsi extract, we performed metabolomic and untargeted lipidomic analyses on the Tulsi extract. The presence of 39 molecular lipid species was detected in the Tulsi extract. We then examined the effect of a treatment using the Tulsi extract on the untargeted lipidomic profile of the brain and plasma following photothrombotic ischemic stroke in a mouse model. Mice of the C57Bl/6j strain, aged 2–3 months, were randomly divided into four groups: (i) Sham, (ii) Lesion, (iii) Lesion plus Tulsi, and (iv) Lesion plus Ibuprofen. The cerebral cortex of the lesioned hemisphere of the brain and plasma samples were collected for untargeted lipidomic profiling using a Q-Exactive Mass Spectrometer. Our results documented significant alterations in major lipid groups, including PE, PC, neutral glycerolipids, PS, and P-glycerol, in the brain and plasma samples from the photothrombotic stroke mice following their treatment with Tulsi. Upon further comparison between the different study groups of mice, levels of MGDG (36:4), which may assist in recovery, were found to be increased in the brain cortexes of the mice treated with Tulsi when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Lipid species such as PS, PE, LPG, and PI were commonly altered in the Sham and Lesion plus Tulsi groups. The brain samples from the Sham group were specifically enriched in many species of glycerol lipids and had reduced PE species, while their plasma samples showed altered PE and PS species when compared to the Lesion group. LPC (16:1) was found in the Tulsi extract and was significantly increased in the brains of the PTL-plus-Tulsi-treated group. Our results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of Tulsi on cerebral ischemia may be partially associated with its ability to regulate brain and plasma lipids, and these results may help provide critical insights into therapeutic options for cerebral ischemia or brain lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biology and fitness of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) was studied on bottle gourd, lady's finger, chilli and tomato. The total larval duration was found to be 20, 22.5, 20.3 and 18.3 days on tomato, chilli, lady's finger and bottle gourd respectively. The total life cycle was of 35.25, 40.7, 34.2 and 31.3 days on tomato, chilli, lady finger and bottle gourd respectively. Shortest life cycle was observed on bottle gourd and longest on chilli. Feeding preference and fitness of H. armigera revealed that it preferred bottle gourd over other host plants. On bottle gourd, the pest recorded highest mean larval weight gain (0.112g/day), while the lowest was on chilli (0.090g/day). The feeding period was 8.073 days on bottle gourd and 8.266 days on chilli. Average food ingested on bottle gourd, lady finger, chilli and tomato were 3.083, 2.347, 2.076 and 1.988g respectively. Bioefficacy of botanicals (5 % aqueous extracts of periwinkle, giloy, tulsi and lantana) against H. armigera by leaf dip bioassay using leaves of tomato showed that the average food ingested in periwinkle, giloy, tulsi, lantana and control was 0.644, 0.944, 1.038, 0.985 and 2.297g respectively. This is the first report evidencing the insecticidal properties of aqueous extracts of giloy against H. armigera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four different varieties of tulsi were taken for their characterization for identification of metabolites. • GCMS, LC-MS/MS, FTIR, HPLC techniques were used for identification of flavonoids, phytochemicals, functional groups, polyphenols. • This is the first report on four varieties of tulsi naming Krishna, Vishnu, Camphor and Lavanga are taken for characterization. • Identification of proximate composition, flavonoid content and polyphenol estimation done by using standard protocols. • This paper will be a good reference paper for those who are looking for characterization of secondary metabolites. Leaves from four varieties of tulsi (Camphor, Krishna, Lavanga and Vishnu) were collected, dried and extracts were prepared using different solvents such as acetone, water, dichloromethane, ethanol, hexane and methanol. The total solids content in dried leaf powder was highest in Lavanga and Camphor, while Krishna showed the least. The study revealed that various secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and flavonoids were present in tulsi leaf extracts. The HPLC profiling showed the presence of rosmarinic acid in all the extracts irrespective of the solvent extraction. The other polyphenols present in the tulsi leaf extracts were p-coumaric acid, isothymucin, proto-catechic acid and caffeic acid. The GC-MS analysis of the extracts revealed methyl eugenol in Krishna variety with all the solvents, Bornanone in Lavanga and Camphor varieties in all the solvent extracts and caryophyllene in Vishnu variety. The LC-MS/MS profile of Krishna variety of tulsi showed mallic acid, citric acid, rosmarinic acid and asiatic acid as major compounds. The LC-MS/MS profile of Camphor variety of tulsi showed major peaks of compounds like mallic acid, citric acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and asiatic acid. The LC-MS/MS profile of Lavanga variety of tulsi showed mallic acid, citric acid, gallic acid, asiatic acid and sumaresinolic acid as major compounds. Similarly in case of Vishnu variety, mallic acid, citric acid, gallic acid, apigenin, and sumaresinolic acid were present in majority. These phytochemicals from natural plant sources are known to possess many health benefits and considered as safe. Hence, these bioactive compounds may be explored for possible application as nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Supplementation of Cv (clove) and Ts (tulsi) augments the growth rate and gut health of broilers. However, studies on their impact on the vital organs and male reproductive system remain scarce. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of Cv and Ts supplementation on hematological profiles, as well as the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, and testes of broilers, both morphologically and biometrically. Sixty one-day-old broiler chicks, divided into four homogenous groups (control-T0 and three supplement groups-T1, T2, and T3), were fed 0.5% Cv and 2% Ts (T1), 1% Cv and 3% Ts (T2), and 1.5% Cv and 4% Ts (T3) with drinking water for 21 d. Organ samples were collected on d 14 and d 28 for macroscopic and microscopic (hematoxylin and eosin stain) investigation. Cv and Ts didn’t affect the hematological profile, organ weight gain, and their general histoarchitectures. However, the histomorphometric investigation showed an increased (p

This study presents the formulation and evaluation of a herbal mouthwash containing extracts from Ginger, Tulsi, and Amla, aimed at combating dental caries-associated bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans. Herbal ingredients were extracted and concentrated, and two formulations (F1 & F2) were prepared, varying extract concentrations. The mouthwashdemonstrated physical attributes within acceptable ranges, with pH values of 6.8 and 6.6. Accelerated stability studies revealed consistent properties over three months at elevated temperatures. Antimicrobial activity against clinical strains displayed substantial inhibition, with F2 exhibiting greater efficacy than F1. The zone of inhibition for S. mutans was 23 mm (F2) and 24 mm (standard), while for S. aureus, it was 25 mm (F2) and 24 mm (standard). This herbal mouthwash shows promise in combating oral pathogens and warrants further exploration in dental care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic mucocutaneous symptoms are a hallmark of lichen planus (LP), an inflammatory disease of the stratified squamous epithelium. The most severe type of mucosal lichen is oral erosive lichen planus (OELP). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients were included in this prospective trial, with fifteen patients each assigned to Group A and Group B. Patients were given a choice between a placebo gel and an ayurvedic gel comprising pure turmeric, Calendula officinalis, and tulsi powder in an oral basis. At each appointment, the patients' reactions to therapy were scored on the Tel Aviv-San Francisco Scale, whereas the degree of the fire was rated using a Visual Analog Scale. Data analysis was carried out using IBM's Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Insights version 21. Results: After receiving ayurvedic gel, patients in Group A reported much less burning than those in Group B (placebo). Group A responded better to therapy overall than Group B. Conclusion: This study's findings support the use of an ayurvedic gel made from pure turmeric, Calendula officinalis, and tulsi powder for the treatment of erosive lichen planus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Aloe vera and tulsi were compared in this study to see how well they treated oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Materials and Method: The study involved thirty healthy volunteers aged from 20 to 55 without any systemic complications. The patients were given medications that needed to be applied two to three times daily. For four months, patients were followed up with monthly follow-up visits. The differences in the mouth opening and changes to the burning sensation on the visual analog scale (VAS) were statistically analyzed. Results: Both the burning sensation and mouth opening showed a statistically significant improvement. Conclusion: Tulsi and aloe vera provide a secure and effective method for treating OSMF symptoms.

Rapid augmentation in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus is a worldwide threat. Advising newer antibiotics may fail to reduce the chances of the emergence of newer drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Very little shreds of evidence can be found to treat clinical MDR Staphylococcus aureus with biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in West Bengal. To prepare AgNPs biogenically using aqueous tulsi leaf extract (TLE) and also to assess its antibacterial effect upon clinical MDR Staphylococcus aureus, biogenic synthesis of the AgNPs using aqueous TLE was done, characterized those with UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and evaluated the antibacterial activity against the clinical MDR Staphylococcus aureus. ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc test was used to test the differences between the OD (optical density) of different experimental sets. The biosynthesized AgNPs were spherical, monodispersed, and of smaller size (9-23 nm) with the involvement of eugenol, quercetin, and oleanolic acid present in the tulsi leaf. A significant change in OD was observed in AgNPs (prepared using TLE) treated broth compared to only tulsi leaf extract treated culture. There was a significant similarity between the efficacies of AgNPs and clindamycin (P < 0.05). Our findings propose that AgNPs synthesized using TLE were fast and efficient to ameliorate the bacterial growth, which may be used as a potent antibacterial agent for the treatment of clinical MDR Staphylococcus aureus infection in near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out at Post Graduate Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, ITM University Gwalior (M.P.) during the year 2022-2023. The incorporation of sensory, nutritional and medicinal properties of two or more plant species into beverage is possible by blending technology of beverage processing. The RTS prepared from best combination was investigated for its storability. The study revealed that palatable RTS beverage of 10% of blend comprising 70% bael pulp, 15% ginger juice and 15% tulsi extract was found superior on 9-point hedonic scale by semi-trained judges including males and females for the preparation of Ready-To-Serve (RTS) with 13% the Total Soluble Solids (TSS) and 0.20% acidity and 70 ppm SO2 than rest of the blend combinations. The TSS, acidity, reducing sugars and total sugars increased whereas, pH, vitamin-C, non-reducing sugar and organoleptic score decreased continuously up to the termination period of the storage under ambient temperature (23.1°C-28.7°C). Moreover, it had been reported that the beverage could be stored up to 4 months with acceptable sensory quality in polypet bottles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal cosmetics are products that are used to improve one's look. The goal of the research was to develop a herbal cream for moisturizing, nourishing, whitening, and treating various skin diseases. Curcuma longa (Turmeric powder), Carica papaya (Papaya), Aloe barbadensis (Aloe-vera leaves), Azadirachta indica (Neem leaves), and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi leaves) are some of the basic drugs used to make the cream. The selection of components is based on the agents' various therapeutic characteristics. Various evaluation parameters are used to the cream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most cases, cancer develops due to abnormal cell growth and subsequent tumour formation. Due to significant constraints with current treatments, natural compounds are being explored as potential alternatives. There are now around 30 natural compounds under clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Tulsi, or Holy Basil, of the genus Ocimum, is one of the most widely available and cost-effective medicinal plants. In India, the tulsi plant has deep religious and medicinal significance. Tulsi essential oil contains a valuable source of bioactive compounds, such as camphor, eucalyptol, eugenol, alpha-bisabolene, beta-bisabolene, and beta-caryophyllene. These compounds are proposed to be responsible for the antimicrobial properties of the leaf extracts. The anticancer effects of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) have earned it the title of "queen of herbs" and "Elixir of Life" in Ayurvedic treatment. Tulsi leaves, which have high concentrations of eugenol, have been shown to have anticancer properties. In a various cancers, eugenol exerts its antitumour effects through a number of different mechanisms. In light of this, the current review focuses on the anticancer benefits of tulsi and its primary phytoconstituent, eugenol, as apotential therapeutic agent against a wide range of cancer types. In recent years, tulsi has gained popularity due to its anticancer properties. In ongoing clinical trials, a number of tulsi plant compounds are being evaluated for their potential anticancer effects. This article discusses anticancer, chemopreventive, and antioxidant effects of tulsi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rhinitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa. It causes obstruction and congestion in the nasal cavity. Clinically, it resembles pratishyaya (rhinitis) in Ayurveda, which is caused by accumulation and downward movement of the tridoshas (3 elements, named vata, pitta, and kapha) in the nasal cavity. Rhinitis is one of the most common diseases among children. There is no role for antibiotics in rhinitis, and nasal decongestants have also not been found to be effective in its management. In Ayurveda, dhoopana (nasal fumigation) is mentioned in the pratishyaya treatment protocol. However, we have found no previous study regarding its efficacy. The efficacy of tulsi, vasa, nirgundi, and nilgiri is already proven when they are used for steam inhalation in respiratory tract infections. Therefore, in this study, a dhoopana of a polyherbal formulation containing tulsi, vasa, nirgundi, and nilgiri will be compared with the inhalation of steam containing arka (a liquid obtained by distillation) of tulsi, vasa, nirgundi, and nilgiri leaves in children with pratishyaya., Objective: We aim to evaluate the efficacy of polyherbal steam inhalation as a standard control against dhoopana in children aged 7 to 14 years with pratishyaya., Methods: A total of 70 participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and distributed into 2 groups of 35 each. The intervention group received dhoopana and the control group received polyherbal steam inhalation, both twice daily for 7 days. The primary outcome measure was the change in Total Nasal Symptom Score and a modified cold spatula test. At the same time, the association between prakriti (body constitution) and the prevalence of pratishyaya in children was analyzed as a secondary outcome. Assessments were performed on days 3, 5, and 7, with a follow-up time of 28 days. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics will be used for data analysis., Results: As of November 2024, we have completed our enrollment of 70 patients, with 35 patients in each group. Data analysis will be completed by February 2025, and we expect results to be published in March 2025., Conclusions: We anticipate that polyherbal nasal fumigation will be found to be equally as effective as polyherbal steam inhalation in the management of acute rhinitis in the pediatric population. This study may provide a standardized, herbal, safe, and cost-effective treatment for rhinitis in children in the form of dhoopana., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/58197., (©Monika Kakar, Renu Rathi, Deepthi Balakrishnan, Bharat Rathi. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 21.02.2025.)

A strong immune system is essential to keep a person healthy. Every person should incorporate specific food items into their diet that can strengthen their immune system. Mother Nature has a bag full of plants and trees whose different parts contain different ingredients that can act as immune boosters. Tulsi is a small herb, found in many parts of India and can be grown in our homes too. The leaves of Tulsi have different properties like antimicrobial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and many more. 5-6 leaves of Tulsi daily help to build our immune system. Giloy is an herbaceous vine found in the tropical regions of different Indian subcontinents. The heart-shaped leaves and reddish fruit of Giloy have many active ingredients like alkaloids, glycosides, phytosterols, etc. which help to attain anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant properties. 2-3 tablespoons of Giloy juice daily helps to boost our immune system and increase the ability of our body to fight various infectious diseases. Garlic is used in a variety of dishes we cook garlic bulb is a great supplement known to boost the immune system functioning. Active compound present in garlic helps to reduce blood pressure improve cholesterol levels and can also lower the risk of heart diseases. Garlic bulbs can also reduce cold and flu symptoms. The various vitamins present in garlic also add more effect to its immunity-boosting property. Citrus lemon is found primarily in the north-eastern part of India, China or Myanmar, Italy, Spain. It has various phytochemicals such as terpenes, tannins, polyphenols, etc. is considered a rich of all essential vitamins to enrich our immune system and also provide therapeutic benefits

Oral lichen planus (OLP), a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the oral mucosa, may cause pain or discomfort along with increased burning sensation. There are numerous treatment modalities available that have several side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Ayurvedic management for oral Lichen Planus. Two sources of Internet were used to search appropriate articles which satisfied the purpose of study including PubMed and Google scholar. Studies which were done on Indian population, PubMed search including articles that were published between January 1, 2000 and October 31, 2019, Studies published in English or which could be translated to English, randomized clinical trials, controlled clinical trials and longitudinal studies with essential data on Ayurvedic approach were included. Patients having Oral Lichen Planus where ayurvedic approach was used for treatment. Out of 09 articles, included in systematic review, in almost all the studies improvement in pain, erythema and burning sensation were reported in score scale. Administration of topical herbal antioxidants and topical application of herbal medicines prove to be effective approach in minimizing the signs and symptoms of Oral Lichen Planus. Long-term use of steroids has many side effects while the herbal medicines almost have none. So, herbal medicines can be used for better efficacy with least side effects for OLP.

Fluoride concentration in drinking water higher than the recommended value imposes different health problems and there are advanced and chemical based defluoridation techniques, even if they are not feasible for developing countries and have limitations. Due to this, defluoridation by using locally available plants is one of the most efficient and sustainable options. Therefore, the current study was intended to investigate fluoride removal efficiency of Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum) from water, which can be an alternative means to reduce the problem related to its high concentration. A laboratory-based experimental study was implemented by using potentiometric determination in Haramaya University. The leaves of Tulsi were collected, washed with tap water, rinsed with distilled water, and then dried at room temperature, crushed and sieved through a 500-μm stainless steel sieve. The experiments were conducted on water artificially fluoridated by anhydrous fluoride and natural water samples collected from deep well water sources from Adama and Harar town. Data was analyzed using Design of Expert (DOE) and Microsoft Excel. Twenty-nine runs for aqueous solution were conducted at different factor combinations and the optimum combinations were applied for natural water samples. The study depicts that the plant has an efficiency of removing 68.4% of fluoride from water. The best factor combinations to achieve this efficiency was 0.2 g/100 ml, 22.6 min, 5.7 and 6.6 mg/l, adsorbent dose, contact time, pH and initial concentration respectively. pH and initial concentration have a negative effect and adsorbent dose and contact time have a positive effect on removing fluoride from water. Hence, people living in fluorosis endemic areas can use the processed plant as a de-fluoridating agent to minimize adverse health effects. HIGHLIGHT This research article paves the way to further study to remove contaminants from water, wastewater, which can pose a substantial effect on public health. The study was conducted to investigate the removal mechanism of fluoride from drinking water with a low cost, locally available plant and software technologies were applied to find the optimum conditions at which the adsorbent works best.;

The objective of the study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Mentha X Piperita (Mint) + Ocimum tenuiflorum (tulsi) and to confirm its size and shape. 0.5 mg of tulsi and 0.5 mg mint were diluted in distilled water (100 ml). The dissolved formulation was heated for 15 min at 70°C and filtered. The filtrate was homogeneously combined with 0.9 mg of silver nitrate to prepare nanoparticles of silver (AgNPs). The characterization of the obtained nanoparticle was done using transmission electron microscopy. Using agar disc diffusion assay, the antibacterial property was evaluated against common oral microbes at different concentrations. Silver nanoparticles showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans at 100 μL concentration. At 25 and 50 μL, all microbes showed similar extent of antimicrobial activity when quantified. Tulsi and mint prove to be effective in synthesizing silver nanoparticles that have good antimicrobial activity against oral microbes.

Context: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic insidious oral potentially malignant disorder characterized by increased collagen deposition and reduced collagen degradation causing burning sensation and difficulty in mouth opening. Aim: To assess the efficacy of topical Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) paste for the management of OSMF. Settings and Design: Institution-based clinical trial. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 60 OSMF patients categorized into three Groups A, B and C (20 in each) depending on the severity according to Lai DR et al. classification. The patients were advised for topical Tulsi paste application and were evaluated for the reduction in the burning sensation and improvement in mouth opening every month for 3 subsequent months using the numeric pain rating scale (NRS) and a Vernier calliper, respectively. Statistical Analysis: The baseline and 3-month recordings were subjected to inter- and intra-group statistical analysis using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann–Whitney U, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's multiple post-hoc and Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests. Results: There was a reduction in the burning sensation and improvement in the mouth opening in all three groups. The reduction in the burning sensation was statistically significant among all the groups (P < 0.05) and the NRS scores after 3 months among the three groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the improvement of mouth opening between Group A and B; A and C; but not between B and C. Conclusion: Tulsi paste showed a significant reduction in the burning sensation and improvement of the mouth opening thereby proving to be a safe and promising medicament for OSMF.

Aluminum is utilized in many applications and it is constantly corroding and losing strength. Corrosion impacts every area of the economy and creates substantial issues. Most approaches for reducing corrosion are environmentally harmful. Green tea and Tulsi extract are two potential choices for use as green corrosion inhibitors in aluminum alloys. This study set out to examine whether or not extracts from green tea and Tulsi might inhibit the corrosion of aluminum alloy 1100 in an10% H2SO4 solution. When it refers to weight reduction, green tea's maximum efficacy of inhibition is 71.43%, whereas tulsi extract is 85.71%. FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated that an adsorbent protective layer formed on the surface of the aluminum after it was immersed in an inhibited solution. The SEM morphology reveals that the presence of a green inhibitor reduces corrosion on the surface of Al alloy 1100. EDS analysis reveals that the chemical particles form a coating over the Al alloy surfaces. Tulsi extracts have been shown to be more efficient for inhibiting Al alloy 1100 in10% H2SO4 Solution than green tea extracts.

ABSTRACT: In an epoch of the growing risk of antibiotic resistance, there is a dire need to establish an effective novel feeding practice for broiler nutrition as an alternative to antibiotics. Hence, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of clove powder and tulsi extract on the growth performance, gut morphologic and morphometric indices, and cecal microbial status of broiler, as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Sixty day-old chicks of Cobb-500 strain were randomly divided into 4 groups, each having 15 birds. Chicks of the control group (T0) were fed commercial broiler feed with no additional supplementation. The treatment groups were offered commercial broiler feed and received clove powder and tulsi extract with drinking water at the rate of 0.5% + 2% (T1), 1% + 3% (T2), and 1.5% + 4% (T3), respectively. Results showed a nonlinear relationship with the dosage of clove and tulsi. All the growth parameters substantially (P < 0.05) improved in T2 while T1 and T3 showed no significant improvement compared to T0. The final body weight was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T2. Giblet and offal weights showed no noticeable differences except in the intestine and heart where intestine weight markedly (P < 0.05) decreased in T3 and heart weight significantly (P < 0.05) increased in T1 and T2. Clove and tulsi supplementation substantially improved the villus height and villus surface area of the small intestine in T2 while the large intestine remained mostly unaffected by the treatment. Cecal microbial status significantly improved in all the treatment groups having increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacillus spp. count and decreased (P < 0.05) E. coli count compared to T0. Based on the aforementioned findings, it can be concluded that the combination of clove and tulsi can improve the growth performance and gut health of broilers which is largely dose-dependent and might be supplied as a potential alternative to AGPs.

The present investigation was carried out in the year 2020 with an objective to unravel the effect of different shade intensities of green shade nets on leaf photosynthetic traits and secondary metabolites of four different Ocimum spp. Ocimum spp. namely O. tenuiflorum, O. sanctum, O. basilicum and O. gratissimum were kept under green shade net with variable shade intensities 35, 50, 75, 90% and open condition for 90 days. Data on various biochemical components viz., photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols and flavonoids were estimated from fully expanded leaves of all species at 30, 60 and 90 days intervals. Variable responses of different traits of photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites were observed in all Ocimum spp. under study. The trend was similar for all spp. and all the parameters under study. Total phenol and flavonoids increased with decreasing shade intensity i.e. maximum in control but higher intensity of light marks a decrease in chlorophyll pigments. Variation in shade intensity also affected the alkaloid and terpenoid content, maximum being at 35% shade intensity which was better than control. The present study reveals that Ocimum spp. possesses the ability to accurately adjust and alter their physiology and biochemical aspects under various shade conditions. This research also provides valuable information about optimum shade levels required during protected cultivation of Ocimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted during from September-January, 2020-2021 in the department of Livestock Products Technology, college of veterinary science and animal husbandry, Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, India. The Kadaknath egg jam was developed to increase nutritional content and decrease sugar content, jam with 1% tulsi and stevia was found suitable and most acceptable by sensory panelists. Hence, selected for further storage stability under refrigeration. TBA, FFA value and microbial count of values for control jam were non-significantly (p<0.05) lower as compared to developed tulsi incorporated low sugar kadaknath egg jam throughout the entire storage. A progressive and significant (p<0.05) increased in the TBA and FFA values of control as well as developed tulsi incorporated kadaknath egg jam observed with advancement of storage. The total plate count (TPC) followed a steadily significantly (p<0.05) increasing pattern from 0-15 day in control as well as developed tulsi incorporated low sugar kadaknath egg jam. Psychrotropic counts as well as Yeast and Mold count were not detected on 10 and 15 day of storage respectively in both control and as well as developed tulsi incorporated low sugar kadaknath egg jam. Coliform were not detected during the entire period of storage in both control as well as developed tulsi incorporated low sugar kadaknath egg jam. The observation indicated that microbial count and rancidity level as well as sensory attributes remained well below the permissible level and product was stable up to 15 days of storage under refrigeration (4±1oC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]