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A molecularly imprinted polymer-based dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction method has been developed for the efficient extraction and preconcentration of histamine from tuna fish samples prior to its determination by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. In this approach, a molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by chemical oxidation of pyrrole using iron (III) chloride, and then, it was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy and used in the extraction procedure. The method was validated using the International Council Research Protocol, and the results showed low limits of detection (0.06 mg kg−1) and quantification (0.21 mg kg−1), good precision (relative standard deviation = 3.2%), linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9969) and acceptable extraction recovery (98%). The method was successfully done on various tuna fish samples, and histamine was determined in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health risks (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk) were calculated in both adults and children, using target hazard quotient (THQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Ni were higher than the standard limits but they did not pose any non-carcinogenic health risks in adult and children's consumers (THQ <1). Meanwhile, the risk assessment of iAs indicates THQ > 1 for children in Egypt. Moreover, the THQ value due to Me Hg for adult in Tunisia and for children in Tunisia, Malta, Portugal, Latvia, Cambogia, Peru, South Korea, Romania, Hong Kong, United Arab Emirates, Morocco, and Egypt was higher than 1 value. In addition, the calculated CR values of iAs for the adults and children were within the threshold risk of developing cancer (Between 1.00E–4 to 1.00E–6). Therefore, it is recommended to continuously monitor the concentration of PTEs in canned tuna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed 34 canned fish products, including 28 tuna specimens, 3 salmon specimens, 1 mackerel specimen, and 1 anchovy specimen, from 13 different brands purchased in Türkiye. The study aimed to determine metal/metalloid levels in canned fish and potential health risks for both children and adult consumers. The metal/metalloid levels in the samples were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometer (ICP–MS), with the range of levels found as follows (mg/kg, ww): Fe (12.12–101.4), Cu (2.19–11.68), Zn (4.06–33.56), Se (0.24–10.74), Al (1.41–14.45), Cr (0.06–4.08), Pb (0.10–0.43), Cd (0.001–0.110), and As (0.01–0.13). Estimated weekly intake (EWI) levels were found that the consumption of canned fish products did not pose any risk based on the EWI levels and provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) limits. However, three tuna samples had target hazard quotient (THQ) levels above the threshold (>1). Arsenic levels were found to increase the carcinogenic risk for child consumers if they heavily consumed 18 canned fish products, including 15 tuna, 2 salmon, and 1 mackerel. The maximum allowable consumption rates (CRmm) for each canned fish product were calculated monthly. Consequently, the consumption of canned fish by children can pose health risks.

Histamine, an important biological chemical that occurs naturally and mainly in seafood, causes an undesirable inflammatory response when consumed in large amounts. Food and health regulatory bodies around the world limit its concentration, and histamine is usually detected by conventional methods, in slow processes. As an efficient option, Molecular Impression Polymers (MIPs), synthetic structures containing imprinted nanocavities that are capable of specifically re-binding to their target, have been presented. In this work, MIPs were synthesized by the precipitation method, using methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethylmethacrylate as a cross-linking agent, and histamine as a template molecule in a single polymerization step, unlike the complex methodologies that have been disclosed. For comparison purposes, NIP (non-imprinted polymer) was prepared. The physicochemical characterizations for the polymers were made through infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, whose results qualified the polymer synthesis. The evaluation of the detection and removal of histamine from the MIP and detection in a real sample of tuna containing about 2 mg/100 g, was performed by cyclic voltammetry. The detection limit (LOD) was 0.105 mg/100 g. Therefore, through a simple methodology, it was possible to synthesize an efficient and selective MIP for the detection of histamine in canned tuna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product quality is the physical condition, function, and nature of a product that can meet the tastes and needs of consumers, therefore there needs to be maximum efforts that can be made to maintain the quality of raw materials, especially fresh fish and the example is tuna fish. One of the parameters of fish chemical is total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N). Testing the levels of TVB-N at the Technical Implementation Unit for Quality Testing and Development of Marine and Fishery Product Banyuwangi begins with sample characterization, including: complete weight, central temperature, pH and water content. The method used is guided by SNI 2354.8:2009 which consists of the preparation, distillation and titration stages. The standard level of TVB-N for fresh fish suitable for consumption according to SNI 2354.8:2009 is 20-30 mgN/100 g. The results of testing the levels of TVB-N of tuna fish samples ranged from 16.29-29.57 mgN/100 g, which means it is still within the acceptable level of consumption, that is suitable to SNI 2354.8:2009 is 20-30 mgN/100 g.

One of the key points in the frozen food processing is thawing with minimal damage to the quality. Since the commonly used methods for thawing of foods are slow and reduce the quality of the product, application of an efficient method seems necessary. In this research, thawing of tuna fish was performed by immersion ohmic method. Thawing rate roles a vital key in the quality and significantly increased by ohmic (0.2 g / s , the mean of ohmic group) in comparison with conventional thawing (0.15 g / s , the mean of conventional group) methods. Immersion ohmic thawing increased rate of thawing about 5 times. Parameters important in quality such as T-VBN, protein solubility, thawing evaporation loss, pH, thawing loss and press juice were measured. Group analyses showed significant difference between ohmic and conventional treatment in protein solubility, thawing evaporation and thawing loss (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tuna commodities of Aceh Province is one of the export-oriented commodities with the potential of large fishery resources and high demand in the international market this is an opportunity for Aceh Province to become a major producer and exporter of fishery commodities especially tuna. However, based on data obtained from BPS (2019), the number of tuna is exported by Aceh Province is still low and even decrease every year. The purpose of this research is to determine the competitiveness in terms of comparative advantages in tuna in Aceh Province. This study was conducted in Aceh Province using time series data for nine years from 2011 to 2019. The object of the study was frozen and fresh yellowfin tuna. The scope of research is limited to the export value of tuna in Aceh Province, the total export value of Aceh Province, the export value of world tuna and the total value of world exports. The analysis method used in this study was Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method. The results showed that the Aceh Province tuna have strong competitiveness or have comparative advantages in the international market.

Wooden fish (Keumamah) is made from tuna fish. It is one of the characteristic main commodities from Aceh Province where it is bordered by two major oceans of the world, the Indian Ocean and the Malacca Strait. This geographical condition is very favorable because the ocean stores abundant marine products, especially tuna fish and tongkol fish. The keumamah is one of the traditional favorable food product in Aceh. In Aceh, that excess fish from the rest of the fishermen's catch will usually be preserved by means of saltization, fumigation and boiling. However, wooden fish have not been able to provide a wider economic improvement impact on the surrounding community, especially the lampulo coastal area which incidentally as a fisherman. So there needs to be an increase in the economy for home-scale entrepreneurs in Aceh province. Development of fish processing equipment shaped like cupboards, sturdy, sleek, and ergonomic combined with packaging design, sales techniques and marketing management and entrepreneurship for small business groups in lampulo-Banda Aceh. The development of fish processing equipment shaped like cupboards, sturdy, sleek, and ergonomic combined with sales and marketing management techniques and entrepreneurship for these small business groups will develop tuna fish products that can be processed with various types of culinary food such as: fish nuggets, crackers fish, fish balls, and kemamah. The problem can be solved when fish processing methods emerge to become a variety of culinary, with higher production capacity to the community about good and right fish processing. This fish processing innovation in the form of processing fish into a variety of culinary that combines several processing functions such as smoking, grinding, drying, etc.

The present study was conducted to create fish kobeba samples from mackerel tuna, shrimp and squid meat. Three treatments were manufactured KTU (kobeba from tuna meat in the external and internal filling), KSH (kobeba from tuna meat in the external filling and shrimp meat in the internal filling) and KSQ (kobeba from tuna meat in the external filling and squid meat in the internal filling). Physicochemical, cooking properties, microbiological examination and sensory qualities were evaluated. After looking at the results of this study, it was clear that total volatile nitrogen, tri methyl amine and thiobarbituric acid means were 13.49 mg/100g, 5.06 mg/100g and 0.577 mg malonaldehyde / kg at the end of storage period. KTU was better in value of pH and WHC, but the KSH was better in plasticity. The results of cooking loss, cooking yield, fat retention and moisture retention were 22.71, 77.29, 135.14 and 77.66%. The result of aerobic plate count in KTU 2.11×103, KSH 2.29×103 and KSQ 2.13×103 cfu/g while psychrophilic bacteria 3.15×102, 3.12×102 and 2.39×102, respectively but Salmonella and Total Coliform not detected in all samples. Fish kobeba samples were considered sensory satisfactory at the end of storage period. It can be commercial manufactured, with high-quality marine food sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tuna fish processing industry produces more than 50% of waste and by-products (scales, head, viscera, etc.) that are usually discarded or used to produce low added value products such as fish meals. However, these waste materials still contain molecules essential for the human diet, such as essential metals, vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, amino acids, and proteins of high nutritional value. The re-use of such wastes for the production of dietary supplements for human consumption would perfectly fit with the concept of Blue Economy, defined as the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of the ocean ecosystem. Moreover, waste product revenue will be a key factor in maintaining long-term profitability of industrial food processing. In this work, the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) was used as a model for fish processing by-products, as it is a large epipelagic species widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical waters of the major oceans. The determination of heavy metals and histamine is an essential control point for the re-utilization of the wastes. Then, they must be monitored in all the processes leading to the formulation of new high-quality products. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and a fast gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry methods were validated and applied for the determination of metals and histamine and amino acids, respectively. In particular, both essential and heavy metals and histamine and amino acids were quantified in tuna fish by-products. The presence of essential metals and essential amino acids in the analyzed samples represents the strength point of the proposed model, which aims to valorize by-products and reduce the disposal of wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Histamine levels were significantly higher in canned tuna compared to raw tuna. • Storage temperature and fishing method affected the levels of biogenic amines. • TMA, TVB-N and microbes were elevated in gillnet-captured tuna and frozen fish. • Following proper hygienic practices during canning is important to limit histamine formation in canned tuna products. This study investigated the influence of species, capture method, chilling, and freezing on the quality and variations in biogenic amines of Thunnus tonggol and Thunnus albacares. Samples were collected from different sources, including fisheries ports, cold rooms, and canning factories. The results indicated that canned fish had significantly higher levels of biogenic amines, especially histamine, compared to raw fish from ports and cold rooms. However, all canned samples complied with the FDA regulation of 50 mg/kg for histamine content. Canning led to a substantial increase in total amines, with histamine being the predominant amine in most groups. Putrescine was present in all samples, with the highest levels found in canned tuna made from frozen yellow-fin tuna captured using drift gillnetting. Canned samples also exhibited higher cadaverine levels compared to raw tuna. Storage conditions, capture method, and tuna species were found to significantly affect tuna quality and biogenic amines formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuna dark meat can be processed into fish meal to increase its economic value and shelf life. Fish meal is a high-protein, low-moisture product derived from fish parts or a fish grinding mill. This study was organized to discover the effect of an acid solvent on the physicochemical properties of tuna dark meat in fish meal. The results of the study revealed that the extraction of tuna dark meat using acid solvent types affected the physicochemical characteristics of the produced fish meal in all test parameters, including yield value, bulk density, whiteness, pH, moisture content, ash, protein, fat, and total plate count. The best characteristics of fish meal were those extracted using lime acid (AJ); with a yield value of 26.230%, bulk density of 0.937 g.ml-1, whiteness of 33.967%, pH of 3.6, moisture content of 6.257%, ash of 4.674%, protein of 78.077%, fat of 1.938%, and total plate count of 1.79 x 103 cfu.g-1. This finding serves as a model for the processing of tuna meat as an innovation in providing healthy and nutritious food for fish consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid and low-cost method for determination of total mercury (THg) in cat food was developed based on photochemical vapor generation (PVG) coupled to cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). Cat food samples with ingredients based on tuna fish and other seafood were investigated. Organic acid precursor and concentration for radical generation and Hg photoreduction, sample UV irradiation time, and carrier gas flow were optimized. Highest PVG efficiency was achieved using 10% v v−1 formic acid, 4-s UV irradiation time, and a carrier gas flow of 50 mL min−1. The calibration function presented a correlation coefficient of 0.99. Accuracy was confirmed by analysis of Certified Reference Materials with recoveries of 93–110% and relative standard deviation lower than 6%. Under optimized conditions, a procedural detection limit of 0.28 μg kg−1 was obtained. Determination of THg in 10 samples of cat food purchased in local markets revealed a concentration range of 0.035–0.388 mg kg−1. Highest concentrations were found in cat foods. Only one sample presented a concentration close to the regulatory limit of the European Commission Directive. Assuming the estimated daily food intake (EDI) calculated in a range of 0.0021 to 0.023 mg of THg per day per kg body weight, it is concluded that it remains below that considered lethal for cats. The methodology is efficient, simple, low cost, and fit for purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the pattern of marketing channels, the role and function of marketing agencies, cost, profit, marketing margins, as well as examine the most economically efficient fresh tuna fish marketing channels in Pacitan. The research location is in Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Tamperan Pacitan. Methods of sample selection was accidental sampling for fishermen and snowball sampling for marketing agencies. The results showed that (1) there are three marketing channels of fresh tuna, namely, the Marketing channel I (fisherman- collector- retailer- household consumers), the channel II (fisherman-collector- industrial consumers in the city) channel III (fishermen – collector – wholesalers). (2) collector has exchange function and physical function, wholesalers have an exchange function, physical function and function facilities, while retailers have exchange function and physical function. (3) In the first line the total cost of Rp 1.3.14,83 / kg, the total profit of Rp 4685.17 / kg, total marketing margin of Rp 6000.00 / kg and the farmer's share of 71.43%. total cost marketing of channel II is Rp 2195.75 / kg, the total profit of Rp 2804.25 / kg, the total margin is Rp 5000.00 / kg and the farmer's share of 83.33%. total cost marketing channel III is Rp 7.455 90 / kg, the total profit of Rp 3544.10 / kg, total marketing margin is Rp 11,000 / kg and the farmer's share of78.43%. (4) Channel II is the most efficient channel economically with farmer's percentage share of 83.33%.

In the present study, the application of immersion ohmic heating was examined to improve thawing of frozen tuna fish cubes. The experimental tuna cubes (3 × 3 × 3 cm3) were thawed under ohmic heating subjected to three different voltages (40, 50, and 60 V) with three different concentrations (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% w/v) of brine solution. The parameters associated with the quality of tuna, such as thawing time, thawing rate, thawing loss, cooking and total losses, centrifugal loss, lipid oxidation, texture, and color, were investigated during ohmic heating thawing, and compared with the conventional still air thawing, water thawing at 27 and 40 ℃. The results showed that immersion ohmic thawing significantly decreased the thawing time of frozen tuna fish cubes. Thawing time in ohmic treatment (50 V- 0.3% brine) was 5.95 times shorter than conventional conditions. The lowest thawing and cooking losses were observed at ohmic treatments. In addition, the ohmic treatments (group 1) were evaluated versus conventional methods (group 2) and the results showed that thawing and total losses in group 1 were significantly lower than group 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to determine the concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) in the gill, liver, muscle, and tail fin tissues of Euthynnus affinis, Katsuwonus pelamis, and Thunnus albacares from Oman Sea. All samples were analyzed using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the results were expressed as μg g−1 dry weight. Metal concentrations were significantly higher in the liver than other tissues in three species (with some exceptions) (p < 0.05). The concentrations of metal accumulation in tissues of tuna species followed the Zn > Cu > Pb. Correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that Zn and Pb have anthropogenic sources. Estimated daily intake (EDI) in three tuna species for heavy metals were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI). Also, the mean target hazard quotient (THQ) based on studied metals in three tuna species was below 1, which suggests that consumption of these fish can be safe for human health in the Oman Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is highly migratory species that spread from trophic and sub trophic waters. This species can be found in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. The genetic information of highly migratory species like skipjack tuna is important to support the sustainability of the fisheries. The objectives of this study are to gain information genetic diversity and population structure of exploited species and to understand the population kinship in Indonesian waters. Tissue samples were collected from six locations, i.e.: Sibolga (North Sumatera), Padang (West Sumatera), Binuangeun (Banten), Pacitan (East Java), Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara) and Kupang (East Nusa Tenggara). Microsatellite analysis was done in this study consisting of extraction, purification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and electrophoresis. Three loci used for the analysis i.e.: UTD 172, UTD 523 and UTD 535. The results showed that there are two groups from six locations i.e.: group 1: Sibolga and Padang; group 2: Binuangeun, Pacitan Lombok and Kupang. The variance among these two groups is 0.066 with variance 5.441%. This finding in line with Indonesian Fisheries Management Area of 572 (west of Sumatera waters) and 573 (south of Java waters). However, as highly migratory species across nations, the management strategy for skipjack tuna needs collaboration among countries through regional fisheries management authority like Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed 34 canned fish products, including 28 tuna specimens, 3 salmon specimens, 1 mackerel specimen, and 1 anchovy specimen, from 13 different brands purchased in Türkiye. The study aimed to determine metal/metalloid levels in canned fish and potential health risks for both children and adult consumers. The metal/metalloid levels in the samples were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS), with the range of levels found as follows (mg/kg, ww): Fe (12.12-101.4), Cu (2.19-11.68), Zn (4.06-33.56), Se (0.24-10.74), Al (1.41-14.45), Cr (0.06-4.08), Pb (0.10-0.43), Cd (0.001-0.110), and As (0.01-0.13). Estimated weekly intake (EWI) levels were found that the consumption of canned fish products did not pose any risk based on the EWI levels and provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) limits. However, three tuna samples had target hazard quotient (THQ) levels above the threshold (>1). Arsenic levels were found to increase the carcinogenic risk for child consumers if they heavily consumed 18 canned fish products, including 15 tuna, 2 salmon, and 1 mackerel. The maximum allowable consumption rates (CRmm) for each canned fish product were calculated monthly. Consequently, the consumption of canned fish by children can pose health risks., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Kosker, Gundogdu, Esatbeyoglu, Ayas and Ozogul.)

Abstract Proteins in canned tuna fish were assessed using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. Biosynthesized nanoparticles (BS-NPs) have been used to enhance the emission intensity of the spectral lines in LIBS spectra of tuna fish samples. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were biosynthesized in a simple and cheap way using potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) extract. Three cans from each of three different brands of high-, medium- and low-quality canned tuna fish were investigated. Six samples, pressed in small tablets, have been taken from each can. Half the number of samples was used for conventional LIBS measurements, while the other half was used for nano-enhanced LIBS. An enhancement of more than three times has been obtained in the spectral lines intensity of the biosynthesized nano-enhanced LIBS (BS-NELIBS) spectra. The intensities of CN and C 2 molecular bands (at 388.34, and 516.52 nm respectively) in the obtained spectra are related to the proteins' content, and consequently to the quality of the different tuna fish brands. The conventionally estimated proteins' content in the three investigated brands of canned tuna validated the results obtained via BS-NELIBS. Quantitative estimation of the proteins in tuna samples was available using the correlation between the protein percentage measured conventionally and CN intensity in the relevant LIBS spectra. BS-NELIBS has been proven to be easy, fast and reliable analytical technique for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of the proteins in canned tuna fish. This method is feasibly applicable in the production monitoring of canned foods containing proteins. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were used to enhance LIBS sensitivity. • The BS-NELIBS technique is used to assess proteins in three canned tuna fish brands. • CN and C 2 bands are taken as indicators of proteins content in the tuna samples. • The BS-NELIBS results have been validated by measuring the proteins conventionally. • Correlation between protein percentage and CN intensity is used to quantify proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present a review of the research developed by the PIXE Group of Ion Implantation Laboratory (Porto Alegre, Brazil) for the elemental characterization of food and beverages in general. Samples of coffee, wine, wine stoppers, mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis) and tuna fish were analyzed using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) in order to determine their elemental compositions. Elements ranging from atomic number 11 to 82 were detected, and it was possible to observe differences in the elemental composition among different brands of wine and tuna fish. Moreover, the influence of water volume on the leaching of elements in the mate tea as well as the inhomogeneity of coffee beans and wine stoppers were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxicity of heavy metals has led to numerous studies on the accumulation of these elements in fish and fishery products such as canned products. The objective of the present study was to determine the concentrations of Hg, Cd, Sn, Zn, Ni, Fe in canned tuna fish from of Khuzestan Provinces. A total number of 54 tuna fish cans from three brands (A, B and C) was collected from Ahvaz retails. The samples were subjected to dry digestion and the concentrations of the heavy metals were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer 4100. In this study, no significant difference was observed between the concentrations of heavy metals in three various samples (P>0.05). The mean concentrations of Hg, Cd, Ni Sn, Zn and Fe in group C samples were determined at 0.048±0.007, 0.297±0.053, 0.171±0.031, 0.062±0.012, 5.36±0.82, 7.63±0.04 mg/Kg. Moreover, the highest level of Cd, Ni and Fe concentrations was observed in group C samples. In comparison with WHO, FAO and FDA standards, concentration of Ni, Sn, Hg and Zn was found lower. Meanwhile, the concentration of Cd was estimated higher than WHO, NHMRC and UKMAFF limits.

Japans' decision to withdraw from the International Whaling Commission and reinstate commercial hunting on minke, sei and Bryde's whales has recently been discussed in several journals. Here we discuss mercury exposure to the public eating baleen whales, toothed whales and tuna in relation to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) tolerable weekly intake (TWI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of carbon monoxide (CO) in fresh fish has generated considerable debate. Carbon monoxide is used to treat fresh fish in order to retain its fresh red appearance for a longer period. It reacts with the oxy-myoglobin to form a fairly stable cherry red carboxy-myoglobin complex that may mask spoilage, because the CO-complex can be stable beyond the microbiological shelf life of the meat. The presence of CO in tuna fish (Thunnus Albacares) has been investigated by means of optical spectroscopy. Formation of the CO adduct can be easily detected by the combined analysis of electronic absorption spectra in their normal and second derivative modes, monitoring the intense Soret band at 420 nm. Samples were judged as CO treated when their levels were higher than 200 ng/g. Only two positive samples out of 29 analyzed were detected. The high level of uncertainty (0.30) of the method requires the use of more specific and sensitive methods for confirmatory analysis.

In the current study, 32 brands of canned tuna that were purchased in supermarkets in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were analysed to quantify the activity levels of Cs, Cs and K. These samples were processed in Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, Europe and the Middle East in 2011 and 2012. The samples were analysed using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy. The highest activity concentrations of all three radionuclides were obtained in the samples that were processed in Japan in 2011 a few months after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. However, the activity concentrations of radiocaesium in all the samples in this study were far below the limit for food and beverages of 100 Bq/kg, which is the standard limit in the Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authentication of packing oil from commercial canned tuna and other tuna-like fish species was examined by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and chemometrics. Using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), it was possible to differentiate olive oil from seed oils. Discrimination of olive oil from high-oleic sunflower oil was possible, despite the latter having a degree of unsaturation more similar to olive oil than to sunflower oil. However, in the samples analyzed, sunflower oil could not be differentiated clearly from those labeled with the generic term “vegetable oil”. Furthermore, the authentication of extra virgin olive oil, although more difficult, could be achieved using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The method could be applied regardless of fish type, without interference from fish lipids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]