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Introduction: The placenta with the umbilical cord is a vital link between the mother and fetus. Umbilical cord supplies water, nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus. The most unique character of the umbilical cord is its coiling, where the contents of the cord course in a coiled helical fashion. The umbilical coiling index(UCI) can be measured antenatally using ultrasonography. In the present study we have attempted to assess the UCI antenatally by ultrasound screening and correlate abnormal antenatal UCI with the adverse maternal and neonatal outcome of pregnancy. Aims: To study umbilical coiling index ultrasonographically and to correlate it with pregnancy outcome. Methodology: 150 antenatal cases in the second trimester of pregnancy between 22 and 28weeks of gestation attending the outpatient department were included for the study in a continuous manner and subjected to antenatal UCI measurement. The cases were followed up till delivery and various factors were noted. Results: We confirmed that maternal medical comorbidities ( gestational hypertension and anemia) have a significant correlation with abnormal umbilical cord coiling index, either hyper-coiling or hypo-coiling or both.Some studies have shown a particular adverse effect being manifested in both hypo and hypercoiling. In the present study significant correlation of abnormal coiling has been found with only anaemia and hypertension in pregnancy. The question, therefore, arises:“Does abnormal UCI have any significant role in prediction of adverse outcome in pregnancy or is it just a random association?” This study does not reflect any significant role of abnormal UCI in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome. Hence efforts to monitor UCI in the antenatal period may not have any justification in the present scenario. The latest edition of William’s Obstetrics also makes a similar comment. A population based larger study to generate cut offs for hypo and hyper coiling and finding any association between abnormal coiling and perinatal outcome may throw more light on the utility of UCI as a predictor of adverse outcome in pregnancy.

Aim and objective: To correlate the association between postnatal umbilical cord coiling index (UCI) and perinatal outcome. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 220 booked singleton pregnant women with cephalic presentation immediate post-delivery. Both vaginal and cesarean deliveries were included. Umbilical cord coiling index was calculated and the variables assessed were gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), anemia, hypertensive disorders, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, meconium-stained liquor, mode of delivery in the mother and preterm, fetal growth restriction (FGR) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions in the fetus. Results: Hypercoiled group or UCI >90th percentile showed a significant increase in cases of FGR (p-value 0.007), GDM (p-value 0.001), and polyhydramnios (p-value 0.0001). Hypocoiled group or umbilical cord coiling index (UCI) <10th percentile showed a significant increase in cases of preterm (p-value 0.01), hypertensive disorders (p-value 0.0001), meconium-stained liquor (MSL) (0.0003), and NICU admission (p-value 0.0001). The study did not reveal any significant changes with regard to mode of delivery, anemia, or oligohydramnios among the three groups (hypercoiled, hypocoiled, and normocoiled). Conclusion: The present study shows that the umbilical cord coiling index is a useful predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes. Cases with abnormal UCI (hypercoiling and hypocoiling) had a higher incidence of complications such as FGR, GDM, polyhydramnios, hypertensive disorders, MSL, and NICU admission. There is a huge arena for research in this field and routine screening of UCI should be considered antenatally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The placenta with the umbilical cord is a vital link between the mother and fetus. Umbilical cord supplies water, nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus. The most unique character of the umbilical cord is its coiling, where the contents of the cord course in a coiled helical fashion. The umbilical coiling index(UCI) can be measured antenatally using ultrasonography. In the present study we have attempted to assess the UCI antenatally by ultrasound screening and correlate abnormal antenatal UCI with the adverse maternal and neonatal outcome of pregnancy., Aims: To study umbilical coiling index ultrasonographically and to correlate it with pregnancy outcome., Methodology: 150 antenatal cases in the second trimester of pregnancy between 22 and 28weeks of gestation attending the outpatient department were included for the study in a continuous manner and subjected to antenatal UCI measurement. The cases were followed up till delivery and various factors were noted., Results: We confirmed that maternal medical comorbidities ( gestational hypertension and anemia) have a significant correlation with abnormal umbilical cord coiling index, either hyper-coiling or hypo-coiling or both.Some studies have shown a particular adverse effect being manifested in both hypo and hypercoiling. In the present study significant correlation of abnormal coiling has been found with only anaemia and hypertension in pregnancy. The question, therefore, arises:"Does abnormal UCI have any significant role in prediction of adverse outcome in pregnancy or is it just a random association?" This study does not reflect any significant role of abnormal UCI in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome. Hence efforts to monitor UCI in the antenatal period may not have any justification in the present scenario. The latest edition of William's Obstetrics also makes a similar comment. A population based larger study to generate cut offs for hypo and hyper coiling and finding any association between abnormal coiling and perinatal outcome may throw more light on the utility of UCI as a predictor of adverse outcome in pregnancy., Competing Interests: We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Background The umbilical cord coiling index (UCI) is usually measured sonographically during antenatal follow-up and can be used to determine the fetuses at risk of adverse outcomes. Methodology UCI measured antenatally and postnatally whose correlation is studied along with the association of abnormal UCI with the adverse outcomes in terms of gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), intra-uterine death, birth weight, sex, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, the color of the liquor, Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI), Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score at one min and five mins and mode of delivery. All parameters are tested for significant differences among UCI and a p-value < 0.05 is considered significant. The correlation of UCI measured antenatally and postnatally is tested using the spearman correlation coefficient. Results A strong correlation is found between antenatal UCI and postnatal UCI with r s 0.9. The majority of the population had normo coiling. Hyper and hypo coiling are associated risks of emergency lower segment cesarean section (LSCS). Low birth weight is seen in 88.89% of hypo coiled patients with a p-value < 0.01. The coiling index among sex is found to be insignificant with a p-value of 0.81. Meconium-Stained Liquor (MSL) is seen in 78.5% of hyper coiled patients. IUGR is found to be associated with hypo coiling as seen in 59.2% of patients with significant p-value (< 0.01). Age, gestational age, and birth weight are found to be statistically significant between various coiling indexes with p-value < 0.05. Conclusion Antenatal UCI correlates with postnatal UCI and any abnormal index found can be used as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes and help obstetricians to monitor continuously and put the patients at risk on prophylactic measures., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Subashini et al.)

Objectives: To evaluate the perinatal outcome with the abnormal umbilical cord coiling index. Study Design: This prospective study was carried out in the department of OBG at Adichunchangiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G.Nagara, Mandya, Karnataka, India from January 2008 to August 2010. 200 patients who were in active labour with term gestations, irrespective of their parities, who had singleton pregnancies with live babies who were either delivered by vaginal or LSCS were included in the study. Umbilical cord coiling index was calculated and it was correlated with various perinatal parameters like birth weight, meconium stained liquor, Apgar score, ponderal index and foetal growth restriction. Chi square and Fisher exact tests were used to find the significance of study parameters. Results: There was a significant correlation between the hypercoiled cords (UCI >90th percentile) and IUGR of the babies (p value of < 0.001) and low ponderal indices (a p value of 0.022) Hypocoiled cords ( UCI which was < 10th percentile) were significantly associated with meconium staining (p < 0.001), Apgar score at 1 min of 90th percentile was associated with IUGR and low ponderal indices. Hypocoiled cords or UCI which was

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze abnormalities of umbilical coiling index (UCI) in twin gestation to test whether the coiling is genetically influenced by zygosity. Methods: Data retrieved comprised gestational age (GA), chorionicity, fetal gender, and UCI. Results: The mean UCI of hypercoiled cords in monochorionic placentas was 0.55 coils/cm and 0.49 coils/cm in dichorionic placentas with discordant fetal gender (P= 0.2629). Discussion: In conclusion, no significant statistical difference between UCI in monochorionic and dichorionic twin placentas with discordant fetal gender was identified, suggesting that zygosity does not play a role in umbilical coiling induction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objectives: To evaluate the perinatal outcome with the abnormal umbilical cord coiling index. Study Design: This prospective study was carried out in the department of OBG at Adichunchangiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G.Nagara, Mandya, Karnataka, India from January 2008 to August 2010. 200 patients who were in active labour with term gestations, irrespective of their parities, who had singleton pregnancies with live babies who were either delivered by vaginal or LSCS were included in the study. Umbilical cord coiling index was calculated and it was correlated with various perinatal parameters like birth weight, meconium stained liquor, Apgar score, ponderal index and foetal growth restriction. Chi square and Fisher exact tests were used to find the significance of study parameters. Results: There was a significant correlation between the hypercoiled cords (UCI >90th percentile) and IUGR of the babies (p value of < 0.001) and low ponderal indices (a p value of 0.022) Hypocoiled cords ( UCI which was < 10th percentile) were significantly associated with meconium staining (p < 0.001), Apgar score at 1 min of <4 and at 5 min of <7 (p value 0.065), LSCS rates (p value of 0.008) and NICU admissions (p <0.001). Conclusion: Hypercoiled cords or UCI which was > 90th percentile was associated with IUGR and low ponderal indices. Hypocoiled cords or UCI which was <10th percentile was associated with meconium staining, Apgar score at 1 min of <4 and at 5 min of <7, more LSCS rates and more NICU admissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]