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Using choline chloride-ethylene glycol (CC-EG) to partially replace the water solvent, taking relative crystal purity(RCP) as the experimental index,and according to the 7-factor 12-level uniform design scheme, high crystallinity and purity M-type barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) was prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. The RCP of each sample was calculated by performing peak fitting on the XRD spectrum of the prepared sample, and then a regression model was established between RCP and the main synthesis factors(Fe/Ba molar ratio, CC-EG content,pH value, resting time, pre-calcination temperature, calcination temperature, calcination time) through quadratic polynomial stepwise regression analysis. According to the regression model, the primary and secondary order of each item in the model, the primary and secondary order of factors and the interaction between factors were investigated, and the feasibility of introducing CC-EG into the BaFe12O19 synthesis process to improve its RCP value was revealed. The results of optimal level combination analysis and verification experiments further show that partial replacement of water solvent with CC-EG can improve the crystallization order of BaFe12O19 and reduce its microscopic strain, thus significantly improve its RCP. The XRD, SEM and VSM analysis results show that the increase of RCP obviously contributes to the radial size and saturation magnetization of BaFe12O19. BaFe12O19 with good properties can be prepared by choline chloride-ethylene glycol-water medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have been found in high levels in rainwater, highlighting the importance of removing them when the water is intended for domestic use. In this work, white bean peel was evaluated as sorbent for the removal of a mixture of PTEs from rainwater, namely Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II). A uniform experimental design was used to evaluate the sorption and to optimize the removal process by response surface methodology. The biosorbent reduced the PTEs concentration in the solution, and their removal increased with the increase of the initial concentration and with time. The removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) was affected by the pH of the solution since, at pH 7.0 for Cu(II), and at pH 5.6 and 7.0 for Pb(II), a decrease occurred in the removal. The optimal conditions for removal, 6 h of contact time between the sorbent and the solution, were applied to rainwater samples spiked with the mixture of PTEs and resulted in removals of 30–90% for Zn(II), 11–78% for Cu(II), and 11–97% for Pb(II), generally lower than those expected by the models, 91% for Zn(II) and 52% for Cu(II), highlighting that the rainwater matrix interferes with the removal of PTEs by peel. However, the white bean peel may be an alternative as sorbent to reduce Zn(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) concentrations in rainwater, since it is a natural and sustainable material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the synergistic antioxidant activity of four small berry polyphenols, including Vaccinium uliginosum L., Vac⁃ ciniumvitis-idaea L., Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis Turcz. ex Herd., and Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. (labeled as D2, H2, L2, and M2, respectively), was studied. The uniform experimental design method was used to optimize the synergistic antioxidant combi‐ nation of small berry polyphenols. After statistical analysis and mathematical regression model fitting, the optimal combination was ob‐ tained as follows： the optimal concentrations of Vaccinium uliginosum L. polyphenol (D2), Vacciniumvitis-idaea L. polyphenol (H2), Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis Turcz. ex Herd. Polyphenol (L2), and Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. Polyphenol (M2) were 42 μg/mL, 138 μg/mL, 172 μg/mL, and 0 μg/mL, respectively. The actual clearance rate of DPPH free radicals was 98. 07 ± 0. 31%, which was close to the theoretical expected value of 100%, indicating the feasibility of the selected combination in the model. Through synergistic effect analysis, the combination index (CI) values of the synergistic effect index of the selected combination for clearing DPPH and hydroxyl radicals were 0. 57 and 0. 64, indicated that the D2, H2, and L2 had significant synergistic antioxidant effects. The research results can provide a basis for the development of natural antioxidants and small berry functional products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convolutional neural networks, a crucial component of artificial intelligence, demonstrate outstanding performance in fields such as natural language processing and image recognition. Optimizing hyperparameters in convolutional neural network models is essential for training and optimizing large models. Existing hyperparameter optimization methods are time-consuming and may lead to local optima. In order to optimize the training process of large neural network models, a novel hyperparameter optimization method based on experimental design was proposed. Firstly, three self-built convolutional neural networks with different depths were constructed as optimization objects, aiming to find the best hyperparameter configuration to improve the model's accuracy on the validation set. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the method, a training scheme was constructed based on the optimization methods, generating combinations for hyperparameter optimization and comparative experiments of subjective experience-generated training schemes were conducted. The results show that the proposed optimization method demonstrates advantages in convergence rate, accuracy, and efficiency. It is concluded that the method supports efficient training of large convolutional neural network and exhibits good generality across tasks of different scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Follow-up experimental designs are widely applied to explore the relationship between factors and responses step by step in various fields such as science and engineering. When some additional resources or information become available after the initial design of experiment is carried out, some additional runs and/or factors may be added in the follow-up stage. In this paper, the issue of the uniform row augmented designs and column augmented designs with mixed two-, three- and four-level is investigated. The uniformity of augmented designs is discussed under the wrap-around L2-discrepancy. Some lower bounds of wrap-around L2-discrepancy for the augmented designs are obtained, which can be used to assess uniformity of augmented design. Numerical results show that augmented designs have high efficiency, which have low discrepancy and close to the proposed lower bounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the accumulation of coal gangue and steel slag, a mixture of lime-steel slag-coal gangue for pavement base was prepared. Six groups of lime-steel slag-coal gangue mixtures were designed using a uniform design method. The 7 d unconfined compressive strength, 180 d compressive resilience modulus and 180 d splitting tensile strength tests, the freeze-thaw cycles, and the wet and dry cycles were carried out to study the mechanical properties, frost resistance and water stability. The expansion effect of f-CaO in steel slag on the mixtures was investigated by water immersion. SEM was used to explore microscopic changes in the mixtures. The field application of coal gangue mixture was carried out for two years. The results show that the regression equations obtained by the uniform test have high accuracy. With the increase of lime in the mixture, the mechanical strength, frost resistance, and water stability of the mixtures were first enhanced and then decreased. With the increase of steel slag, the unconfined compressive strength increased, the compressive resilience modulus increased at first and then decreased, the splitting tensile strength decreased, the BDR value decreased, and the strength loss of water stability increased gradually. The internal structure of the mixtures is stable and has good frost resistance. There is no obvious microscopical difference before and after freeze-thaw cycles. The immersion expansion rate of the mixtures was far less than 1.5 %.

Southeast Asia's Low-Latitude Highland （LLH） is one of the hotspots of land-atmosphere coupling in the world， with its land-atmosphere interaction has significant impacts on climate， hydrology and environment.This study employs Uniform Design （UD） method to conduct 48 groups of simulation using different parameterization schemes of Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model.By optimizing the parameterization schemes， the variables related to land-atmosphere interaction in this area are simulated and evaluated.The findings are as follows： （1） The ensemble of 48 simulation groups demonstrates good performance for near-surface air temperature， near-surface specific humidity， surface downward longwave radiation， surface upward longwave radiation and surface soil temperature， with average Taylor Skill Score （TSS） values exceeding 0.8； for near-surface wind speed， precipitation， surface sensible heat flux， surface latent heat flux， surface downward shortwave radiation and surface upward shortwave radiation， the ensemble simulation can adequately capture the characteristics of these variables， with average TSS values ranging between 0.4 and 0.8； but for surface soil moisture， the ensemble simulation performance is poor， with average TSS values less than 0.4.The variability among different simulation groups is minimal for near-surface wind speed， precipitation， surface latent heat flux， surface downward shortwave radiation， surface upward shortwave radiation， surface soil temperature and surface soil moisture （TSS range < 0.2）； but for the surface sensible heat flux， the variability among different simulation groups is significant （TSS range > 0.3）.（2） The optimal parameterization schemes based on equal-weighted averaged TSS can enhance simulation accuracy for near-surface air temperature， near-surface specific humidity， surface downward longwave radiation， surface upward longwave radiation and surface soil temperature， with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9 and minor deviations from reference values.However， this optimization could not significantly improve simulation performance for near-surface wind speed， precipitation， surface sensible heat flux， surface latent heat flux and surface soil moisture， where deviations remain substantial.（3） The optimal parameterization schemes can reasonably capture the spatial and temporal features of land-atmosphere coupling， showing strong coupling strength in northeast and southwest LLH， with temporal correlation coefficient greater than 0.9.Nonetheless， the simulated values of coupling strength is generally weaker than the reference values， primarily due to poor simulation performance of surface latent heat flux and surface downward shortwave radiation.

This study aims to establish a method for purifying total flavonoids in roses using macroporous resin columns, intending to leverage and harness their potential. We screened six macroporous resins to evaluate their capacity for their adsorption and desorption, ultimately identifying X5 macroporous resin as the most effective. To comprehensively understand the adsorption behavior, we analyzed it using various models, such as pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, particle diffusion models, and Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Employing both single-factor and uniform design, approaches, the focus of this work was on maximizing the total flavonoid recovery rate. A 3-factor and 10-level uniform design table was utilized for optimizing the optimal process parameters and exploring the antioxidant properties of the purified flavonoids. The optimal process conditions for purifying total flavonoids from roses can be summarized as follows: a sample concentration of 2 mg/mL, pH at 2, 55 mL sample volume, eluent ethanol concentration of 75%, eluent volume of 5 BV, and the elution rate set at 1 mL/min. Following purification, the total flavonoid content peaked at 57.82%, achieving an 84.93% recovery rate, signifying substantial antioxidant potential. Consequently, the method established for purifying TFR using X5 macroporous resin in this study proves to be a dependable and reliable method consistent approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plateau Meteorology is the property of Plateau Meteorology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A leveling accuracy adjustment equipment system and module for precision machinery were developed in this study with the fundamental purpose of increasing measurement accuracy and establishing a leveling adjustment method. The leveling system and module were self-developed software and firmware. The sensor module used electrolyte tilt sensors as measurement components. The experimental method was performed in three stages. In Stage 1, intelligent leveling accuracy measurement equipment and system were developed. In Stage 2, the uniform design method was used to design the experiments, and different parameters were verified. In Stage 3, the fuzzy method was used for prediction and verification. In terms of the stability of the self-developed measurement equipment, the precision (Cp value) of this equipment was greater than Class A, while in terms of reproducibility, the Cp value and accuracy (Ca value) of this equipment were of Class B and Class A, respectively. Finally, the resolution test revealed that the minimum resolution attained was 2 μm. In average curve fitting, the fitting degrees of the total X and Y axes of the uniform design method in the designed experiments were 90.47% and 92.34%, respectively. After fuzzy inference, the prediction model adjusted X and Y axes errors reached the target adjustment value of ± 0.02 mm, and the target values of the distance X and Y axes were increased by 88.67% and 62.67%, respectively on average, indicating successful development of the measuring method and equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have been found in high levels in rainwater, highlighting the importance of removing them when the water is intended for domestic use. In this work, white bean peel was evaluated as sorbent for the removal of a mixture of PTEs from rainwater, namely Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II). A uniform experimental design was used to evaluate the sorption and to optimize the removal process by response surface methodology. The biosorbent reduced the PTEs concentration in the solution, and their removal increased with the increase of the initial concentration and with time. The removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) was affected by the pH of the solution since, at pH 7.0 for Cu(II), and at pH 5.6 and 7.0 for Pb(II), a decrease occurred in the removal. The optimal conditions for removal, 6 h of contact time between the sorbent and the solution, were applied to rainwater samples spiked with the mixture of PTEs and resulted in removals of 30–90% for Zn(II), 11–78% for Cu(II), and 11–97% for Pb(II), generally lower than those expected by the models, 91% for Zn(II) and 52% for Cu(II), highlighting that the rainwater matrix interferes with the removal of PTEs by peel. However, the white bean peel may be an alternative as sorbent to reduce Zn(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) concentrations in rainwater, since it is a natural and sustainable material.

During shield construction in underground spaces, synchronous grouting slurry is poured between the surrounding rock and tunnel lining to ensure stability. For synchronous grouting slurries, few studies have investigated the relationship between the rheological parameters and physical properties, grout-segregation mechanism, and anti-segregation performance. Therefore, we explored the relationships between the slurry rheological parameters, segregation rate, and bleeding rate. Cement, sand, fly ash, and bentonite were used to prepare the slurry, and the effects of different polycarboxylate water-reducing agents and dispersible latex powder dosages were studied. The rheological parameters of 16 groups of uniformly designed slurries were tested, and the data were fit using the Herschel–Bulkley model. The optimal mix ratio lowered the slurry segregation rate, and its rheological behaviour was consistent with the Herschel–Bulkley fluid characteristics. High-yield-shear-stress synchronous grouting slurries with high and low viscosity coefficients were less likely to bleed and segregate, respectively. The optimised slurry fluidity, 3 h bleeding rate, 24 h bleeding rate, segregation rate, coagulation time, and 28 days compressive strength were 257.5 mm, 0.71%, 0.36%, 3.1%, 6.7 h, and 2.61 MPa, respectively, which meet the requirements of a synchronous grouting slurry of shield tunnels for sufficiently preventing soil disturbance and deformation in areas surrounding underground construction sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

为了开发一种萃取条件温和、得率高的缬草精油提取工艺，以缬草根为原料，采用亚临界流体萃取缬草精油。以缬草精油得率为考察指标，通过单因素试验探讨了萃取溶剂、液料比、萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取次数的影响，进而采用均匀设计法优化亚临界流体萃取缬草精油的工艺条件，并运用GC-MS分析缬草精油的组成成分。结果表明：亚临界流体萃取缬草精油的最佳工艺条件为以丁烷为萃取溶剂、萃取压力0.47 MPa、萃取温度47 ℃、液料比11∶ 1、萃取时间25 min、萃取次数4次，在此条件下缬草精油得率达到(3.383±0.004)%；亚临界丁烷萃取的缬草精油中共鉴定出57种成分，主要成分为乙酸龙脑酯，相对含量为29.63%，关键药理成分缬草醛和缬草素相对含量分别为2.28%和0.25%。综上，亚临界丁烷萃取缬草精油得率高，缬草精油中含有一定量的缬草醛和缬草素，具有潜在的产业化应用价值。In order to develop an extraction process of Valerian officinalis essential oil with mild extraction conditions and high yield,Valerian officinalis essential oil was extracted by subcritical fluid with Valerian officinalis root as material.The effects of extraction solvent, liquid-solid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction pressure and extraction times were investigated by single factor experiment with the yield of Valerian officinalis essential oil as index. Then the process conditions of extracting Valerian officinalis essential oil with subcritical fluid were optimized by uniform design experiment, and the components of Valerian officinalis essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the optimum conditions for Valerian officinalis essential oil extracted by subcritical fluid were obtained as follows:with butane as extraction solvent, extraction pressure 0.47 MPa, extraction temperature 47 ℃, liquid-solid ratio 11∶ 1, extraction time 25 min and extraction times 4. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of Valerian officinalis essential oil reached (3.383±0.004)%. The total of 57 components were identified in the subcritical butane extracted Valerian officinalis essential oil, and bornyl acetate (29.63%) was the main component. As well as the key pharmacological components valeraldehyde and valerin were detected in Valerian officinalis essential oil,with the relative contents of 2.28% and 0.25%, respectively. In summary, subcritical butane extraction of Valerian officinalis essential oil has potential industrial application value with a high yield and a certain amount of valeraldehyde and valerin contained in the oil.

Brain networks are made up of multiple neural units that are interconnected and form neural unit modules. The precise and efficient identification of these modules is crucial for detecting diseases and providing targeted therapy. A novel algorithm, named UMPA, has been developed to analyze brain networks and obtain their neural unit modules. UMPA combines the strengths of uniform design and Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) to achieve uniformly scattered feasible solutions across the vector domain and quickly find the optimal solution. It is the first method to integrate MPA and uniform design for identifying unit modules in brain networks. The performance of UMPA has been tested on 29 TD resting-state functional MRI brain networks, and the results demonstrate that it outperforms the other five methods in terms of modularity and is comparable in terms of conductance. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of UMPA and MPA indicates that uniform design contributes to the enhancement of UMPA. UMPA has been applied to a variety of brain networks, including those of healthy individuals and those of patients with neurological disorders. The results show that UMPA can accurately identify the neural unit modules of both healthy and diseased brain networks. UMPA has also been used to analyze brain networks in different states, such as the resting-state and task-state brain networks of healthy individuals. The results demonstrate that UMPA can accurately identify the unit modules of brain networks in different states. In conclusion, UMPA is a promising algorithm for the accurate and efficient identification of neural unit modules in brain networks, which has potential applications in disease detection and targeted therapy.

AbstractContext Jiang-Zhi-Ning (JZN), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, is used to treat hyperlipidemia in clinics.Objective To screen the hypolipidemic “bioequivalent substance system (BSS)” of JZN and elucidate the potential hypolipidemic mechanism.Materials and methods In vitro, the TG content in HepG2 cells was determined after the intervention of the combination of advantageous components (CAC) by uniform design. In vivo, hyperlipidemia models were established by Triton WR-1339 (400 mg/kg; i.p.) in male ICR mice, and corresponding treatments were administered via oral administration once. The mice were divided into 12 groups (n = 5): control, hyperlipidemic model, simvastatin (positive control, 20 mg/kg), gradient doses of JZN granules (2, 4 and 8 g/kg) and the hypolipidemic effective extraction (HEE) of JZN (120, 240 and 480 mg/kg) and CAC groups (20, 40 and 160 mg/kg). Serum TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were performed after 24 h. Transcriptomics and qRT–PCR technology were used to explore the mechanism of the “BSS” of JZN.Results In vitro, the ratio of CAC was determined. CAC could reduce the TG content in HepG2 cells (77.21%). Compared with the model group, the high dose of CAC could markedly decrease the levels of TC (61.86%), TG (105.54%) and LDL-C (39.38%) and increase the level of HDL-C (232.67%). CAC was proved to be the “BSS”. Transcriptomics and qRT–PCR analysis revealed CAC regulated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, bile secretion, PPAR and adipocytokine signalling pathway.Discussion and conclusions These findings provided new feasible ideas and methods for the elucidation of the pharmacodynamic material basis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop high-quality non-fried whole shiitake (Lentinus edodes) crisps due to having high oil content of vacuum fried L. edodes crisps which inevitably pose health risks after long-term use. Methods: Based on uniform design, instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) was used to investigate the influences of moisture content after heat pump pre-drying, puffing temperature and vacuum drying temperature on the puffing degree, rehydration ratio, total color difference, hardness and crispness of L. edodes crisps. The polynomial regression model was established by using a weighted comprehensive score method, and it was optimized and verified accordingly. Results: The optimum parameter combinations of L. crisps during DIC processing were moisture content after heat pump pre-drying of 35.63%, puffing temperature of 100 ℃, vacuum drying temperature of 64.17 ℃. Under the control of these optimal parameter combinations, the puffing degree of L. crisps was 69.34%, total color difference was 20.68, hardness was 108.16 N, and crispness was 75.79. Conclusion: Uniform design combined with response surface methodology can be used to optimize processing parameters of DIC crisps and obtain high quality non-fried L. crisps.

Coix seed (CS) has high nutritional value, but the deep processing of CS is relatively limited. Sprouting can significantly improve nutritional value, laying the foundation for efficient consumption or further processing. The optimal conditions for the germination of CS are a soaking temperature of 36 °C for 10 h and a germination temperature of 29 °C for 24 h. Under these conditions, the final germination rate of CS reached 90%. Additionally, the content of γ-aminobutyric acid was 21.205 mg/100 g; soluble protein, free amino acids, γ-aminobutyric acid, and other essential substances increased in CS. Especially after germination, the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content increased by 7.8 times compared with the GABA content of ungerminated CS. Therefore, the nutritional value and flavor of germinated CS are better than those of ungerminated ones, which establishs a solid foundation for its application in developing various products such as compound health drinks, coix yogurt, and others.

In this study, Auricularia cornea var. Li. polysaccharides (ACP) were used as the research object to prepare liposome gel and determine its antioxidant activity in vitro. Phosphorylated Auricularia cornea var. Li. polysaccharides (P-ACP) were prepared via the phosphorylation of ACP by the phosphate method. Additionally, phosphorylated Auricularia cornea var. Li. polysaccharide liposomes (P-ACPL) were prepared using a reverse evaporation method. Finally, phosphorylated Auricularia cornea var. Li. polysaccharide liposome gel (P-ACPLG) was prepared by dispersing the P-ACPL in the gel matrix. The results show that the phosphorylation of the P-ACP was 15.51%, the containment rate of the P-ACPL was 84.50%, the average particle size was (192.2 ± 3.3) nm, and the particle size distribution map had a homogeneous peak, resulting in the particle dispersion being uniform and the polydispersion index (PDI) being 0.134 ± 0.021. The average Zeta potential was (−33.4 ± 0.57) mV. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the P-ACPL was slightly higher than that of the ACP and P-ACP. After the P-ACPL was emulsified into P-ACPLG, the DPPH, hydroxyl radical clearance, and reducing the ability of P-ACPL remained unchanged. In general, the P-ACPLG prepared in this study has good antioxidant activity in vitro and can retain the antioxidant activity of P-ACPL in vitro well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very important to accurately analyze the heat transfer characteristics of a working fluid in the cooling system based on subcooled flow boiling. In contrast to previous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies for the subcooled flow boiling of water or synthetic refrigerants in a vertical tube, we study the subcooled flow boiling characteristics of CO2 in a horizontal tube at -30 ℃. Our model is built based on Eulerian multi-phase model combined with the interfacial area concentration and wall heat flux partitioning models, and it is solved by the CFD solver, ANSYS FLUENT 19.3. This paper determines a reasonable bubble waiting time coefficient (CWT), critical Weber number (Wecri), and turbulence model (TM) for modelling of flow boiling heat transfer of CO2 by combining with uniform design (UD), Taguchi method, multiple quadratic regression (MQR) model and grid search method. As the result, the reasonable values of CWT and Wecri, and reasonable TM were determined as CWT = 0.8, Wecri = 0.7, and RNG k–ε model. This work has a significant contribution to study the subcooled flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of CO2 at low temperature. The proposed approach could be actively applied to improve the solution accuracy of the heat transfer of a working fluid in various heat transfer system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape optimization of single box girder allows the bridge to achieve the most favourable aerodynamic performance. Currently, aerodynamic optimization of bridge deck is usually achieved by traversing all potential schemes using wind tunnel tests or computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which are time-consuming, laborious, and restricted to few numbers of geometric parameter. This study proposed an aerodynamic optimization strategy using CFD technique, uniform design, Kriging surrogate model and hybrid infill sampling criteria to achieve the most favourable girder shape with the largest flutter wind speed. The effect of the variation of section shape on the dynamic characteristics of a real suspension bridge is considered. The Kriging surrogate model is then applied to approximately describe the aerodynamic parameters including static force coefficients and flutter derivatives as well as dynamic characteristics of the bridge. The cross-validation and samples infill are conducted to validate and improve the accuracy of the model. The optimal ranges, influence degree of each factor and their interactions on flutter performance are examined by statistical analysis. The contributions of aerodynamic parameters and dynamic characteristics to flutter performance are compared and discussed. The girder shape with the best flutter performance is obtained in updated surrogate model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops the probabilistic seismic demand models of circular tunnels under the transversal seismic load. The uncertainties of ground motion, soil profile, tunnel depth, and lining size are considered. Since the quasi-static analyses may significantly underestimate the seismic responses of tunnels, the results of dynamic numerical analyses are adopted to construct probabilistic models that are more accurate. The constructed model is unbiased and can facilitate the fragility analysis of tunnels. As a demonstration, the proposed probabilistic models are used to estimate the seismic fragility curves of a particular tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization is the property of Hebei Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new type of composite lubricant was prepared and its friction and wear characteristics were studied. The lubricant formula was optimized through the uniform design method, a model was established with SPSS and Matlab softwares, and results were analyzed by Intuitive analysis and regression analysis. The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was added to prepare a new type of composite lubricant p2, the lubricant contact friction status was analyzed to determine whether the friction coefficient of the contact surface had significantly reduced, and various properties of the metal were further analyzed. The results show that friction coefficients of lubricant p2 added with PTFE have reduced by 51.26% and 29.81% compared with dry friction and lubricant pi respectively. Observing the morphology of the wear scars, it is found that the friction film can make the metal flow more uniform during the forming process, reduce the deformation force, and effectively avoid a variety of forming defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jiang-Zhi-Ning (JZN), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, is used to treat hyperlipidemia in clinics. To screen the hypolipidemic "bioequivalent substance system (BSS)" of JZN and elucidate the potential hypolipidemic mechanism. In vitro, the TG content in HepG2 cells was determined after the intervention of the combination of advantageous components (CAC) by uniform design. In vivo, hyperlipidemia models were established by Triton WR-1339 (400 mg/kg; i.p.) in male ICR mice, and corresponding treatments were administered via oral administration once. The mice were divided into 12 groups (n = 5): control, hyperlipidemic model, simvastatin (positive control, 20 mg/kg), gradient doses of JZN granules (2, 4 and 8 g/kg) and the hypolipidemic effective extraction (HEE) of JZN (120, 240 and 480 mg/kg) and CAC groups (20, 40 and 160 mg/kg). Serum TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were performed after 24 h. Transcriptomics and qRT–PCR technology were used to explore the mechanism of the "BSS" of JZN. In vitro, the ratio of CAC was determined. CAC could reduce the TG content in HepG2 cells (77.21%). Compared with the model group, the high dose of CAC could markedly decrease the levels of TC (61.86%), TG (105.54%) and LDL-C (39.38%) and increase the level of HDL-C (232.67%). CAC was proved to be the "BSS". Transcriptomics and qRT–PCR analysis revealed CAC regulated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, bile secretion, PPAR and adipocytokine signalling pathway. These findings provided new feasible ideas and methods for the elucidation of the pharmacodynamic material basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Practitioners who are working with mixture experiments often found that the existing mixture designs fail to provide the mixture combinations in a true sense. This problem can be overcomed by using the concept of uniform designs with mixture experiments. Uniform designs aim at scattering the points uniformly in the experimental region. Uniform mixture design can be applied in the fields like material science, chemical engineering, food science, agriculture and in many other areas where the composition of the mixtures is required to obtain response/outcome. In this paper, an attempt has been made to construct uniform mixture designs for s component mixtures using the uniform design in s-dimensional spherical region. A transformation is proposed for constructing uniform designs in s-dimensional spherical region by using the existing designs in 2-dimensional spherical region. The uniformity of the constructed designs is measured by distance-based approach and the uniformity of the mixture designs is measured by DM 2 -discrepancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the optimization effect and solution stability of the whale optimization algorithm, an improved whale optimization algorithm was proposed by improving the population initialization, local search, out-of-bounds processing method and convergence factor of the algorithm. The uniform design population initialization method based on cutting method was adopted to improve the homogeneity of the initial population of the algorithm. The local search operator based on NEWUOA algorithm was introduced to improve the local search ability of the algorithm. In the aspect of boundary crossing, a method based on annular interval and random fluctuation was proposed to reduce the possibility of the algorithm falling into local optimum. The nonlinear convergence factor and adaptive weight were introduced to balance the local and global search of the algorithm and further enhance the precision of the search. Numerical simulation experiments were carried out on seven single mode, multimodal and fixed dimension benchmark test functions, which verified that the improved whale optimization algorithm has advantages in terms of optimization effect and solution stability compared with genetic algorithm, whale optimization algorithm and other improved whale optimization algorithms. Aiming at the mixed-model U-shaped assembly line balancing problem, the improved whale optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem, considering the minimum cycle time of the assembly line. In the decoding stage, a threshold-based decoding method was designed to optimize the allocation process of tasks. Finally, 21 examples of mixed-model assembly lines were calculated. The results show that the improved whale optimization algorithm obtains better solutions in 20 examples. Compared with other algorithms, the cycle time is reduced by 3. 02% on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aflatoxin B1 is a natural carcinogenic mycotoxin. The biological detoxification of aflatoxin could result in less environmental pollution, more moderate conditions, and less impact on food and feed, and be more convenient than physical and chemical methods. In this study, strain 13 with aflatoxin B1 degradation activity (67.47 ± 1.44%) was isolated and identified as Kocuria rosea. A uniform design was applied to optimize the degradation activity using a software Data Processing System, and a quadratic polynomial stepwise regression model was selected to investigate the relationships between the degradation rate and five independent variables. Furthermore, the optimal degradation conditions (culture temperature of 30 °C, culture time of 4.2 days, seawater ratio of 100%, pH of 7.11, and inoculation dosage of 0.09%) were verified with a degradation rate of 88 ± 0.03%, which was well matched with the predicted value (92.97%) of the model. Complete genome sequencing of Kocuria rosea, conducted with a combination of Illumina and single-molecule real-time sequencing, was used to analyze the genomic features and functions of the strain, which were predicted by the annotation based on seven databases, and may provide insights into the potential of Kocuria rosea, as well as providing a reference for degradation gene and protein mining. These results indicate that Kocuria rosea strain 13 has the ability to degrade aflatoxin B1 efficiently, and it also has the potential to provide aflatoxin-degrading enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to determine which apples have moldy cores just by looking at the outside of the apple. In the present study, we investigated identifying moldy cores using near-infrared transmittance spectra. First, input spectral features selected by noise adjusted principal component analysis (NAPCA) for back propagation artificial neural network (BP ANN) was used to reduce the dimensions of the original data. Then, four factors and five levels uniform design of the input nodes, training functions, transfer layer functions and output layer functions for NAPCA-BP ANN optimization is proposed. And the original data were input into NAPCA-BP ANN to obtain the recognition accuracy and NAPCA-support vector machine (SVM) was as a comparative recognition model. The results showed that through the uniform design-based NAPCA-BP ANN optimization, the NAPCA method had higher identification accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score, than either full spectrum or principal component analysis. Being assessed by different ratio of model test, functions in the hidden layer and output layer of NAPCA-BP ANN, the proposed method achieved the best accuracy to 98.03%. The accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score based on NAPCA-BP ANN were 3.92%, 2.86%, 2.78% and 2.82% higher than those based on NAPCA-SVM, respectively. This method provides a theoretical basis for the development of on-line monitoring of the internal quality of apples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some fungal endophytes isolated from P. ginseng may present a new method of obtaining saponins. This experiment aimed to optimize the total saponin yield produced through in vitro fermentation by an endophytic fungus and analyze its saponin species in the fermented extract. Methods: Fermentation protocols were optimized with a uniform design and verified through regression analysis to maximize the total saponin yield. The saponin types under optimal fermentation conditions were then identified and analyzed using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Results: The Trametes versicolor strain NSJ105 (gene accession number: OR144428) isolated from wild ginseng could produce total saponins. The total saponin yield could be increased more than two-fold through the optimization of fermentation conditions. The concentration of the total saponins achieved by the verified protocol 105-DP was close to the predicted value. The fermentation conditions of the 105-DP protocol were as follows: potato concentration 97.3 mg/mL, glucose concentration 20.6 mg/mL, inoculum volume 2.1%, fermentation broth pH 2.1, fermentation temperature 29.2 °C, and fermentation time 6 d. It was detected and analyzed that the fermented extract of 105-DP contained the ginsenosides Rf and Rb3. Conclusion: The endophytic fungus Trametes versicolor strain NSJ105 has potential application value in saponin production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During shield construction in underground spaces, synchronous grouting slurry is poured between the surrounding rock and tunnel lining to ensure stability. For synchronous grouting slurries, few studies have investigated the relationship between the rheological parameters and physical properties, grout-segregation mechanism, and anti-segregation performance. Therefore, we explored the relationships between the slurry rheological parameters, segregation rate, and bleeding rate. Cement, sand, fly ash, and bentonite were used to prepare the slurry, and the effects of different polycarboxylate water-reducing agents and dispersible latex powder dosages were studied. The rheological parameters of 16 groups of uniformly designed slurries were tested, and the data were fit using the Herschel–Bulkley model. The optimal mix ratio lowered the slurry segregation rate, and its rheological behaviour was consistent with the Herschel–Bulkley fluid characteristics. High-yield-shear-stress synchronous grouting slurries with high and low viscosity coefficients were less likely to bleed and segregate, respectively. The optimised slurry fluidity, 3 h bleeding rate, 24 h bleeding rate, segregation rate, coagulation time, and 28 days compressive strength were 257.5 mm, 0.71%, 0.36%, 3.1%, 6.7 h, and 2.61 MPa, respectively, which meet the requirements of a synchronous grouting slurry of shield tunnels for sufficiently preventing soil disturbance and deformation in areas surrounding underground construction sites.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes a hybrid multi-object optimization method integrating a uniform design, an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and a multi-objective particle swarm optimizer (MOPSO) to optimize the rigid tapping parameters and minimize the synchronization errors and cycle times of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. First, rigid tapping parameters and uniform (including 41-level and 19-level) layouts were adopted to collect representative data for modeling. Next, ANFIS was used to build the model for the collected 41-level and 19-level uniform layout experiment data. In tapping center machines, the synchronization errors and cycle times are important considerations, so these two objects were used to build the ANFIS models. Then, a MOPSO algorithm was used to search for the optimal parameter combinations for the two ANFIS models simultaneously. The experimental results showed that the proposed method obtains suitable parameter values and optimal parameter combinations compared with the non-systematic method. Additionally, the optimal parameter combination was used to optimize existing CNC tools during the commissioning process. Adjusting the proportional and integral gains of the spindle could improve resistance to deformation during rigid tapping. The position gain and pre-feedback coefficient can reduce the synchronization errors significantly, and the acceleration and deceleration times of the spindle affect both the machining time and synchronization errors. The proposed method can quickly and accurately minimize synchronization errors from 107 to 19.5 pulses as well as the processing time from 3,600 to 3,248 ms; it can also shorten the machining time significantly and reduce simultaneous errors to improve tapping yield, thereby helping factories achieve carbon reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the adverse effects of corn starch on the color presentation of paprika red in prepared meat products, the characteristics of the effects of different concentrations of corn starch, pectin and paprika red on the color of the system were studied. The uniform design was used to optimize the concentration of the three components, and the partial least squares quadratic polynomial was used for data regression analysis. The predictive model was established that taking concentration of corn starch, pectin and paprika red as independent variables, L*, a*, b*, h, ΔE and the scattering rate as dependent variable. Results showed that, the prediction model had high accuracy, the ratio of corn starch, pectin and paprika red at best color of system, was the combination of various factors: Corn starch concentration 5.37%, pectin concentration 2.90%, paprika concentration 0.27%. At this time, the total color difference and scattering rate were: L* 49.6024, a* 39.7159, b* 40.0236, h 44.6671, ΔE 10.3461, scattering rate 0.2063. The optimal color conditions were verified to be effective in improving the color of corn starch-paprika red system in prepared meat products. In this paper, the ratio of corn starch, pectin and paprika red at best color of system obtained by the prediction model could effectively improve the color of corn starch-paprika red system.

In order to develop air fried fish skin products, the air frying process of fish skin was optimized and its flavor was analyzed. The effects of blanching time, brine mass fraction, brine immersion time, marinating time, pre-drying temperature and time, air frying temperature and time on air-frying fish skin were studied on the basis of single factor and mixed-level uniform design. The results showed that the best formula of air fried fish skin as follows: blanching time was 8 s, salt water mass fraction was 1%, salt water immersion time was 20 min, marinating time was 36 min, pre drying temperature was 55 ℃, pre drying time was 25 min, air explosion temperature was 190 ℃, air explosion time was 16 min. The flavor compounds of air fried fish skin under the optimum process conditions were analyzed by gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). There were 40 volatile substances that had been identified, including ethyl caproate, caproic acid, trans-2-octenal, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, 2-heptanone, 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine, (E)-2-hexenal, 2-methylpyrazine, isovaleric acid, 2-methylbutanal, 1-octanol, isoamyl alcohol, 2-propyl-1-Pentanol, 2-ethylfuran were high in content, and overall of them had a pleasant odor. The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the process and flavor of air frying products.

为促进栀子的开发利用，以栀子成熟果实为原料，采用水酶法提取栀子油。采用单因素实验研究酶种类、加酶量、酶解pH、酶解温度、液料比、酶解时间对栀子油得率的影响，在此基础上采用均匀设计实验进行工艺条件优化，并对各种酶提取的栀子油进行脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明：水酶法提取栀子油的最佳工艺条件为采用中性蛋白酶、加酶量0.7%、液料比3∶ 1、酶解pH 7、酶解温度60 ℃、酶解时间7 h，在此条件下栀子油得率为7.27%，与空白组（3.34%）相比提高了117.66%；栀子油中亚油酸含量最高，超过56%，不饱和脂肪酸含量为80%左右。不同酶提取栀子油的脂肪酸组成及含量没有显著差异。 In order to promote the development and utilization of Gardenia jasminoides, With the mature fruit of Gardenia jasminoides as raw material, the oil was extracted by aqueous enzymatic method. The effects of enzyme species, enzyme dosage, enzymatic hydrolysis pH, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature, liquid-material ratio and enzymatic hydrolysis time on the yield of Gardenia jasminoides oil were studied by single factor experiment. The process parameters were optimized by uniform design on the basis of single factor experiment. The fatty acid composition of Gardenia jasminoides oil extracted by different enzymes was analyzed. The results showed that the optimal process conditions were obtained as follows: with neutral protease for enzymolysis, enzyme dosage 0.7%, liquid-material ratio 3∶ 1, enzymatic hydrolysis pH 7, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 60 ℃ and enzymatic hydrolysis time 7 h. Under these conditions, the yield of Gardenia jasminoides oil was 7.27%, which was 117.66% higher than that of control(3.34%). The linoleic acid content in Gardenia jasminoides oil was the highest, exceeding 56%, and unsaturated fatty acids content was about 80%. There was no significant difference in the fatty acid composition and content of Gardenia jasminoides oils extracted by different enzymes.