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This paper examines opportunities and challenges of integrating augmented reality (AR) into education and investigates requirements to enable instructors to author AR educational experiences. Although AR technology is recognised for its potential in educational enhancement, it poses challenges for instructors creating AR-based experiences due to their limited digital skills and the complexity of 3D authoring tools. Semi-structured interviews with 17 aviation instructors identified current pedagogical approaches, gaps, and potential applications of AR in aviation weather education. Additionally, results highlighted the benefits of AR and obstacles to its integration into education, followed by outlining design priorities and user needs for educational AR authoring. For AR authoring toolkit development, this study recommended incorporating interactive AR lesson modules, early development of user requirements, and prebuilt AR modules. Findings will guide the development of a 3D authoring toolkit for non-technologist instructors, enabling wider AR use in aviation weather education and other educational fields. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Research interviews with aviation instructors were conducted to derive design implications of AR authoring toolkits for non-technologist instructors. Key findings highlighted gaps in aviation weather education, potential AR applications, and barriers to AR in education. Design recommendations emphasised incorporating interactive AR lesson modules, initial user requirements, and prebuilt AR modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current hand exoskeleton systems for assistive and rehabilitative purposes pose challenges due to weight, bulk, and size, thus negatively affecting user experience in terms of comfort and wearability. End-user involvement is vital during design and deployment to improve usefulness, usability, and user acceptance. A scoping review was conducted to identify the currently prioritized user requirements and user-centered practices in the development of hand exoskeleton systems. Content analysis was used to identify the user-centered design criteria and user research methodologies in 124 articles. More studies aim for rehabilitation than assistance and the dominant form of assessment is system validation. Wearability, comfort, portability, adaptability, affordability, and safety were the most frequently targeted user-centered criteria. Only 38 articles reported assessment with human subjects, the majority of them being functional tests, followed by usability tests. We offer user-centered design directions and methodological suggestions for user involvement to improve the usability and acceptability of the exoskeleton systems, and discuss the necessity for restructuring the engineering design strategy for better adaptability. This research has direct applications for the design and assessment of assistive and rehabilitative hand exoskeletons by offering user requirements. The findings and suggestions can have wider implications in the field of wearable robotics for developing, evaluating, and refining systems through a user-centered perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore perspectives of ambulatory and non-ambulatory people with MS (PwMS) and health care professionals (HCPs) on falls and falls management to gain a deeper understanding of how a self-management programme can be designed to fit the needs of end users. Materials and methods: Twelve PwMS and seven HCPs participated in three four-hour workshops based on Design Thinking. Collected data were field notes and digital post-it notes gathered at the workshops. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Results: Two main categories, "Managing the complexity of fall-risk behaviour" and "Embracing diversity to establish group engagement", comprising a total of seven categories were constructed from the analysis. The first main category reflects the challenges PwMS face in managing fall risk in their daily lives, and the support needed to address these challenges. The second main category highlights how engaging in peer learning activities can fulfil individual needs and improve learning outcomes for PwMS. Conclusion: A self-management fall prevention programme that is relevant to PwMS regardless of ambulation level should include the development of self-tailored behavioural strategies to prevent falls along with interactive learning activities with other PwMS. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: A self-management fall prevention programme should be customized to individual fall prevention needs and circumstances in daily life. A self-management fall prevention programme conducted online can enable accessibility for ambulatory and non-ambulatory people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Peer learning in groups with other PwMS can facilitate the development of self-tailored fall prevention strategies and provide positive reinforcement to support behavioral change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase user satisfaction with emergency rescue drone products, a product modelling design method based on the fuzzy Kano-QFD-FBS model is proposed. First, the initial user requirements for the emergency rescue drone products are obtained through a questionnaire, and the fuzzy Kano model is utilised and combined with the better–worse coefficient method to categorise the attributes, define the priorities of the user requirements, and screen out the key user requirements. Second, the QFD model is used to construct the quality house, analyse the key user requirements quantitatively, and obtain the design elements and weights of the emergency rescue drone product. The obtained key design elements are subsequently imported into the FBS model to complete the mapping transformation from the functional elements to the structural elements of the emergency rescue drone products and realise the styling design of the emergency rescue drone products. Finally, the user satisfaction scale based on appearance, functionality, and interaction was developed and the System Usability Scale (SUS) was used to evaluate user satisfaction with the emergency rescue drone design scheme. The new design scheme scored higher and showed significant differences in satisfaction ratings compared to the previous scheme. Hefei Jiaxun Technology Co., Ltd. carried out product development for the design scheme. At present, physical products have been sold on the market and have achieved good results. Hefei Jiaxun Technology Co., Ltd. conducted a survey on consumer satisfaction with this product, and the results revealed that customer satisfaction increased by 11.9% compared with that of previous products. Compared with similar products in the market, the consumer satisfaction with this product increased by 13.5%, indicating that it has obvious market competitiveness. This study shows that the method of product styling design based on the fuzzy Kano-QFD-FBS model can comprehensively acquire and analyse user requirements, realise accurate mapping from user requirements to product design elements, and output the specific solution of the emergency rescue drone product styling design. The design scheme performs well in meeting user requirements, verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the fuzzy Kano-QFD-FBS model in the styling design study of emergency rescue drones, and provides a new paradigm for emergency rescue product design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of internet platforms, consumers increasingly rely on online product reviews during the shopping process. Customer online reviews can guide product design and provide valuable insights for businesses. Therefore, analyzing customer online reviews has become a research hotspot. However, existing studies suffer from some limitations, including the lack of fine-grained sentiment analysis and word clustering analysis. To address these issues, this study proposes a method based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for identifying and predicting customer preferences, aiming to provide more accurate information support for product design improvement personnel. This research first conducts data collection, preprocessing, and word vector computation. Subsequently, dictionary and sentiment labels are extracted. Based on a topic clustering system, sentiment labels are quantified for polarity classification, and sentiment scores and importance values are calculated as evaluation metrics for customer preference data. The preference-identified data are then applied to an LSTM prediction model, and the dataset is partitioned accordingly. Finally, the trained model is used for LSTM-based prediction of importance values and sentiment scores. The research results demonstrate that this method can accurately predict product preferences based on dynamic online reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is crucial for enterprises to clearly identify user needs during the process of formulating product design improvement plans. Therefore, it is essential to comprehensively and accurately identify user needs, explore the reasons behind the emergence of these needs, and incorporate user opinions into the process of product design improvement. A method is proposed to comprehensively and accurately capture user requirements and address the challenge of identifying the underlying causes of user requirements. This method utilizes online comments and operational data to identify user requirements and their influencing factors. First, text sentiment analysis techniques are employed to quantify the importance and performance values of product feature topics. Second, we construct a quadrant model to identify product features requiring improvement, and the original negative comments related to these features are traced. However, the quadrant model alone is insufficient to reflect specific product issues that users are concerned about. Therefore, a functional structure model based on product issues is designed to filter and identify factors that influence user requirements using operational data. Finally, a Bayesian network inference approach is utilized to identify the key influencing factors on user requirements, enabling analysis of the causes behind user requirements and the proposal of product design improvement strategies. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated through experiments conducted on heavy-duty truck data. By analyzing the original negative comments related to the power characteristics, specific user demands regarding the insufficient power of the product were identified, such as "obviously insufficient power when climbing slopes" and other issues. Based on the vehicle power system functional structure model, combined with expert knowledge and operational data, factors related to the state of parts and user behavior that may affect "insufficient vehicle power" were identified. Based on the analysis results, suggestions were made to improve the engine intake air temperature control strategy and to enhance vehicle performance by promoting correct user behavior through informational campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This real-world investigation aimed to quantify the human–machine interaction between remote drivers of teleoperation systems and the Level 4 automated vehicle in a real-world setting. The primary goal was to investigate the effects of disengagement and distraction on remote driver performance and behaviour. Key findings revealed that mental disengagement, achieved through distraction via a reading task, significantly slowed the remote driver's reaction time by an average of 5.309 s when the Level 4 automated system required intervention. Similarly, disengagement resulted in a 4.232 s delay in decision-making time for remote drivers when they needed to step in and make critical strategic decisions. Moreover, mental disengagement affected the remote drivers' attention focus on the road and increased their cognitive workload compared to constant monitoring. Furthermore, when actively controlling the vehicle remotely, drivers experienced a higher cognitive workload than in both "monitoring" and "disengagement" conditions. The findings emphasize the importance of designing teleoperation systems that keep remote drivers actively engaged with their environment, minimise distractions, and reduce disengagement. Such designs are essential for enhancing safety and effectiveness in remote driving scenarios, ultimately supporting the successful deployment of Level 4 automated vehicles in real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address current product styling design issues, such as ignoring the joint effects of multiple styling elements when constructing perceptual imagery fitting models and thus failing to effectively identify the relationships between styling elements, a product styling design method based on fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is proposed. This method first uses semantic differential and statistical methods to obtain users' evaluative vocabulary for the product's perceptual imagery. Then, morphological analysis and cluster analysis are employed to establish typical product samples and extract styling elements to create a styling feature library. Perceptual imagery ratings of these styling features are obtained through expert evaluation. fsQCA is then used to analyze the different grouping relationships between styling elements and their influence on product styling imagery, aiming to match user intentions through different element combination paths. The results show that this method achieves a consistency value of 0.9 for the most optimal styling configurations, demonstrating that fsQCA can effectively identify the multiple paths of product styling elements that meet users' needs. The contributions of this study to the related fields are: (1) providing a new perspective on the relationship between user perceptual imagery and predicted product styling elements, and (2) advancing the theoretical basis for studying multiple paths of product styling elements. The research results demonstrate that using the fsQCA-based product styling design method can accurately portray the multiple paths of product styling elements that meet users' needs, thereby effectively improving design efficiency. Finally, a teapot styling design study is used as an example to further verify the method's feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Willow wood furniture has become one of the most popular types of wood furniture in the Chinese furniture market. Research was undertaken to solve the pain points of product design and meet the requirements of green development. Firstly, the Kano model was used to classify user requirements. Secondly, the Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to calculate each design factors' comprehensive weights, ensuring consistency between the design objectives and user requirements. Thirdly, the TRIZ contradiction matrix was used to identify and solve engineering difficulties in the design process. During the design process, the Kano-AHP-TRIZ was combined to realize a scientific design strategy that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results showed that the design scheme of willow furniture based on user requirements had consistency, matching, and effectiveness with the furniture market development trend, which makes the furniture design process more scientific and rigorous. It also provided a new research perspective and design strategy for the innovative development of the furniture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract User requirements serve as the primary reference content in product design. The effective capture of crucial user requirements, followed by the development of a product technical solution aligned with these requirements, stands as a pivotal approach to enhancing design efficiency. In order to explore the problem of generating and decision-making of product technical solutions in the case of complex user demands, this study constructs a user requirements driven product optimization design model, which is used to complete the generation and decision-making of product design solutions in a more reasonable way. The model unfolds across three key stages: Firstly, a user requirements importance ranking system is crafted leveraging Kano Model and Pairwise Analysis. Next, employing the Functional Analysis System Techniques (FAST) theory and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) theory, user requirements undergo transformation into technical solutions. Finally, these technical solutions are amalgamated into diverse technical combinations, with decisions facilitated by a game theory model to yield the optimal overall design solution. The new optimal design model reduces the influence of subjectivity and ambiguity in the process of user requirements analysis, increases the reliability of the transformation of user requirements into technical solutions, and improves the efficiency of the generation and decision-making of product design solutions under multiobjective situations. The model proposed in this study is exemplified through the development of a medicated bath water heater. Results indicate that the technical solution derived from the model surpasses similar products in terms of user satisfaction, thereby validating its feasibility.

To identify how digital media are being used by community-led initiatives of the Centro Region of Portugal, and to identify the requirements that a digital platform for mediation between agents in the territory should have, two focus groups were conducted, involving six small-sized community-led initiatives and six larger-sized community-led initiatives. This article details the results of these focus groups, according to the following main categories: use of existing communication and mediation tools; the purpose of use of digital tools; type of experiences prompted by digital tools and attributes and features desired in a digital platform to support community-led initiatives. The results show differences between the use and needs of digital tools by small- and larger-sized initiatives and offer interesting insights to prototype an innovative digital solution, to enhance the actions of community-led initiatives. A reference framework for digital mediation strategies and a mobile app prototype were developed, based on these surveys. The article contributes with an analytical view about the development of digital solutions, which aim to strengthen the relationship among agents of local communities and promote mediation mechanisms among all stakeholders in territorial-based innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User requirements serve as the primary reference content in product design. The effective capture of crucial user requirements, followed by the development of a product technical solution aligned with these requirements, stands as a pivotal approach to enhancing design efficiency. In order to explore the problem of generating and decision-making of product technical solutions in the case of complex user demands, this study constructs a user requirements driven product optimization design model, which is used to complete the generation and decision-making of product design solutions in a more reasonable way. The model unfolds across three key stages: Firstly, a user requirements importance ranking system is crafted leveraging Kano Model and Pairwise Analysis. Next, employing the Functional Analysis System Techniques (FAST) theory and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) theory, user requirements undergo transformation into technical solutions. Finally, these technical solutions are amalgamated into diverse technical combinations, with decisions facilitated by a game theory model to yield the optimal overall design solution. The new optimal design model reduces the influence of subjectivity and ambiguity in the process of user requirements analysis, increases the reliability of the transformation of user requirements into technical solutions, and improves the efficiency of the generation and decision-making of product design solutions under multiobjective situations. The model proposed in this study is exemplified through the development of a medicated bath water heater. Results indicate that the technical solution derived from the model surpasses similar products in terms of user satisfaction, thereby validating its feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under ever-increasing pressure to provide more with less, to justify budgets and to earn public trust, official statistics has long been concerned with how to better prove and communicate its value. Being statisticians, our inclination has been to express the value of our offer in quantitative terms. But an ONS-led Task Force under the Conference of European Statisticians (CES) argued that before we can quantify 'the value of official statistics' we need to understand what this really means. This entails first articulating our own central goals as providers of a public good and then working outwards from these goals to formulate the means of fulfilling them. Only then can we start to define measurable indicators of achievement to assess how far we are creating this intended value. This is the reverse of the process often followed, which starts out by identifying already-available indicators and tries to determine the aspects of value of which they are indicative. Future international work should focus on developing tools for better understanding the pathways from goals to value indicators; sharing experiences of efforts to prove and improve the value of official statistics; and developing a core set of measures using the methods outlined in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Digital health technologies can help manage the growing cancer burden, but understanding patients' needs is crucial for these tools to be effective. Our study reviewed existing research on what cancer patients want from digital health technologies. We analysed 128 studies, focusing on web-based platforms, mobile apps, and wearable devices used in cancer care. Patients highlighted the importance of these technologies being easy to use, effective in managing their care, and enhancing communication with healthcare providers. Our findings offer insights for future research to develop digital health tools that meet cancer patients' preferences, potentially improving their healthcare experience and outcomes. Digital health technologies have the potential to alleviate the increasing cancer burden. Incorporating patients' perspectives on digital health tools has been identified as a critical determinant for their successful uptake in cancer care. The main objective of this scoping review was to provide an overview of the existing evidence on cancer patients' perspectives and requirements for patient-facing digital health technologies. Three databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Science Direct) were searched and 128 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion. Web-based software/platforms, mobile or smartphone devices/applications, and remote sensing/wearable technologies employed for the delivery of interventions and patient monitoring were the most frequently employed technologies in cancer care. The abilities of digital tools to enable care management, user-friendliness, and facilitate patient–clinician interactions were the technological requirements predominantly considered as important by cancer patients. The findings from this review provide evidence that could inform future research on technology-associated parameters influencing cancer patients' decisions regarding the uptake and adoption of patient-facing digital health technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under ever-increasing pressure to provide more with less, to justify budgets and to earn public trust, official statistics has long been concerned with how to better prove and communicate its value. Being statisticians, our inclination has been to express the value of our offer in quantitative terms. But an ONS-led Task Force under the Conference of European Statisticians (CES) argued that before we can quantify 'the value of official statistics' we need to understand what this really means. This entails first articulating our own central goals as providers of a public good and then working outwards from these goals to formulate the means of fulfilling them. Only then can we start to define measurable indicators of achievement to assess how far we are creating this intended value. This is the reverse of the process often followed, which starts out by identifying already-available indicators and tries to determine the aspects of value of which they are indicative. Future international work should focus on developing tools for better understanding the pathways from goals to value indicators; sharing experiences of efforts to prove and improve the value of official statistics; and developing a core set of measures using the methods outlined in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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While many design methods are developed, tested and reported in the literature, their utilization in industry practice remains low. Design methods are receiving substantial scholarly focus and are considered central to efficiently achieving reliable outcomes in the engineering design process. They are particularly vital as industrial companies increasingly transition to integrated offerings of products and services with a lifecycle perspective, leading to additional uncertainty and complexity. Thus, the presented research aims to support method selection and development, focusing on resource-efficient offerings. This is achieved through an in-depth, practice-centric, empirical study of users' requirements of design methods and the corresponding characteristics of design methods aimed at meeting these requirements in resource-efficient offerings. Highly relevant insight supporting a broad set of stakeholders is reported. Firstly, the user requirements and method characteristics reported support practitioners seeking to identify a design method fitting their needs. Secondly, academics and practitioners aiming to enhance the usefulness and impact of a design method may benefit from considering these requirements and characteristics during method development. Lastly, the systematic approach taken in this research can be applied by both method developers and potential users to identify additional requirements and corresponding characteristics specific to their conditions. Two use cases for the results attained are reported, focusing on applying the research results for method selection and deriving overall guidelines for developing design methods directed toward resource-efficient offerings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most parts of the world, minors’ access to education is guaranteed, resulting in most of their time being spent in the school building. Similarly, school staff spend a relatively long time in the same building. This unique setting requires both groups to stay inside the school walls throughout the working days, which might negatively affect their well-being. Studies show that low indoor air quality might negatively affect well-being. Moreover, school staff and students mention other problems, such as worrisome declining students’ attendance, motivation, social relations, safety, stress, and pressure, among others. Technological solutions, such as IoT-based systems, might be one way to tackle the well-being issue at schools. However, most of the existing solutions focus on the quality of the indoor environment, disregarding the needs and pains of school inhabitants. Further, some research focused on IoT in households, social housing, or universities. Yet, school inhabitants’ requirements may differ, considering higher density of occupancy, cognitive tasks that school inhabitants continuously perform, and the fact that school students are minors who are still in the process of physical and mental development. In the current article, we present an investigation of how IoT-based solutions could extend beyond solely environment-measuring tools and fulfill the needs of school inhabitants. Through an interview study with eleven IoT experts guided by user (school inhabitants) requirements identified in the previous research, we assess functional and non-functional system requirements that such systems should build on. These are discussed against the five-layer IoT architecture model. Moreover, the study identifies barriers and benefits of IoT-based solutions, which are discussed in the context of existing scientific and legal frameworks. The exploratory findings presented in the paper could be used as a guide for decision-makers at schools to ensure that the students and staff’s well-being is maintained, as well as by IoT suppliers to produce holistic or compatible solutions that could be easily integrated into the unique contexts of school.

To increase user satisfaction with emergency rescue drone products, a product modelling design method based on the fuzzy Kano-QFD-FBS model is proposed. First, the initial user requirements for the emergency rescue drone products are obtained through a questionnaire, and the fuzzy Kano model is utilised and combined with the better–worse coefficient method to categorise the attributes, define the priorities of the user requirements, and screen out the key user requirements. Second, the QFD model is used to construct the quality house, analyse the key user requirements quantitatively, and obtain the design elements and weights of the emergency rescue drone product. The obtained key design elements are subsequently imported into the FBS model to complete the mapping transformation from the functional elements to the structural elements of the emergency rescue drone products and realise the styling design of the emergency rescue drone products. Finally, the user satisfaction scale based on appearance, functionality, and interaction was developed and the System Usability Scale (SUS) was used to evaluate user satisfaction with the emergency rescue drone design scheme. The new design scheme scored higher and showed significant differences in satisfaction ratings compared to the previous scheme. Hefei Jiaxun Technology Co., Ltd. carried out product development for the design scheme. At present, physical products have been sold on the market and have achieved good results. Hefei Jiaxun Technology Co., Ltd. conducted a survey on consumer satisfaction with this product, and the results revealed that customer satisfaction increased by 11.9% compared with that of previous products. Compared with similar products in the market, the consumer satisfaction with this product increased by 13.5%, indicating that it has obvious market competitiveness. This study shows that the method of product styling design based on the fuzzy Kano-QFD-FBS model can comprehensively acquire and analyse user requirements, realise accurate mapping from user requirements to product design elements, and output the specific solution of the emergency rescue drone product styling design. The design scheme performs well in meeting user requirements, verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the fuzzy Kano-QFD-FBS model in the styling design study of emergency rescue drones, and provides a new paradigm for emergency rescue product design.

To address current product styling design issues, such as ignoring the joint effects of multiple styling elements when constructing perceptual imagery fitting models and thus failing to effectively identify the relationships between styling elements, a product styling design method based on fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is proposed. This method first uses semantic differential and statistical methods to obtain users’ evaluative vocabulary for the product’s perceptual imagery. Then, morphological analysis and cluster analysis are employed to establish typical product samples and extract styling elements to create a styling feature library. Perceptual imagery ratings of these styling features are obtained through expert evaluation. fsQCA is then used to analyze the different grouping relationships between styling elements and their influence on product styling imagery, aiming to match user intentions through different element combination paths. The results show that this method achieves a consistency value of 0.9 for the most optimal styling configurations, demonstrating that fsQCA can effectively identify the multiple paths of product styling elements that meet users’ needs. The contributions of this study to the related fields are: (1) providing a new perspective on the relationship between user perceptual imagery and predicted product styling elements, and (2) advancing the theoretical basis for studying multiple paths of product styling elements. The research results demonstrate that using the fsQCA-based product styling design method can accurately portray the multiple paths of product styling elements that meet users’ needs, thereby effectively improving design efficiency. Finally, a teapot styling design study is used as an example to further verify the method’s feasibility.

With the gradual diversification of personalized usage scenarios, user requirements play a direct role in product design decisions. Due to the problem of fuzzy demand caused by user cognitive bias, traditional design methods usually focus on realizing product functions and cannot effectively match user requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes a complex product module division method for user requirements. The method constitutes of three tasks, requirement analysis of module division, design mapping of module division and scheme implementation of module division. Firstly, based on the progressive architecture from initial requirements to precise requirements, the effective user requirements are obtained through similarity recommendation. Secondly, according to the four types of knowledge of function, geometry, physics and design, the design structure matrix is constructed to complete the Requirement-Function-Structure mapping. The improved Fuzzy C-means Algorithm is used to solve the mapping model, and finally a module division scheme that meets the user requirements is obtained. Taking the chip removal machine as an example, the rationality and effectiveness of the method are verified. The results show that the product modules divided by this method can effectively meet the multiple user requirements.

Industrial collaborative robots have become increasingly important in recent years due to their ability to work safely and efficiently alongside humans. As a result, there is a growing need for evaluation standards to ensure the quality of collaborative robots. However, existing studies only consider system‐centered and technical aspects of collaborative robots, and there is a lack of research on user‐centered quality evaluation. In this study, we identified 21 user requirements based on a user‐centered design framework and confirmed the limitations of existing quality standards by reviewing the standard clauses for collaborative robots. It was found that user needs to be related to performance, safety, and even usability and enjoyment are already being expressed according to the user‐centered design framework, but the quality standards for these needs only present design principles or do not consider them at all. This study provides information on the quality attributes that need to be fulfilled to satisfy user requirements and suggests the need and direction for further research on the user‐centered evaluation of collaborative robots. Accordingly, the user's perception and experience of collaborative robots are expected to improve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the collection, preparation, and improvement of user requirements for a complex ERP case study implementation in an international organisation. The study presents a case study of the ERP system implementation project. We address the user requirements and their quality with regard to the scope of the case study on the ERP implementation project and wider as an integral aspect of successful project management within an organisational context. In the discussion, we address and support the notions that: 1.) the choice of the type of solution and the software company; 2.) strong leadership and control from the investor side; 3.) the activities prior to the start of the ERP implementation project and a clearly defined scope at the time of contract conclusion; 4.) the quality of system requirements based on well-specified user requirements; and 5.) the alignment of the scope definition and user requirements within the organisation contribute to the success of the enterprise system implementation project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularity and wide adoption of SOA (service‐oriented architecture), a massive amount of Web services emerge on the Internet. It is difficult for users to find the desired services from a large number of services. Thus, service recommendation becomes an effective means to improve the efficiency of using service. Considering that the users' QoS (quality of service) preferences are often unknown or uncertain, the recent QoS‐aware service recommendation methods recommend QoS‐diversified services for users to increase the probability of fulfillment of the service list with a limited number of services on users' potential QoS preferences. However, the existing QoS‐diversified service recommendation methods recommend services with a uniform diversity degree for different users, while the diversified preference requirements are not considered. To this end, this article proposes a service diversity adjustment algorithm, which selects more diversified services outside of the original service recommendation list to replace the services in the present recommendation list to approximate the QoS diversity preference of the active user. In this way, the probability of meeting the user's potential QoS preference requirements is improved. Comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed approach can not only provide personalized and diversified services but also ensure the overall accuracy of the recommendation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, factors such as rapid and unplanned urbanization and high living costs shape the concept of housing. The concepts of co-housing and co-living emerged with the desire to reduce the living costs of individuals in the city and to have a social life by becoming a part of a small community, which are offered as potential solutions to high living costs in densely populated areas. The co-housing model aims to provide a minimum standard of living for singles, students or professionals. In this study, adequacy analyzes were carried out in terms of the user requirements of a residential flat in the city of Padova, Italy, where 6 individuals aged between 20-25 years lived between 2021-2022. The study is aimed to identify the deficient aspects of housing in terms of user needs and to guide the professionals who will design this type of housing in the future. As a result of the study, it was determined that co-living is ideal for young singles in terms of their user requirements, especially for short-term accommodation in their abroad experience.

Abstract With the popularity and wide adoption of SOA (service‐oriented architecture), a massive amount of Web services emerge on the Internet. It is difficult for users to find the desired services from a large number of services. Thus, service recommendation becomes an effective means to improve the efficiency of using service. Considering that the users' QoS (quality of service) preferences are often unknown or uncertain, the recent QoS‐aware service recommendation methods recommend QoS‐diversified services for users to increase the probability of fulfillment of the service list with a limited number of services on users' potential QoS preferences. However, the existing QoS‐diversified service recommendation methods recommend services with a uniform diversity degree for different users, while the diversified preference requirements are not considered. To this end, this article proposes a service diversity adjustment algorithm, which selects more diversified services outside of the original service recommendation list to replace the services in the present recommendation list to approximate the QoS diversity preference of the active user. In this way, the probability of meeting the user's potential QoS preference requirements is improved. Comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed approach can not only provide personalized and diversified services but also ensure the overall accuracy of the recommendation results.

Imaging spectroscopy is a powerful tool used to support diverse Earth science and applications objectives, ranging from understanding and mitigating widespread impacts of climate change to management of water at farm‐scale. Community studies, such as those deployed by NASA's Surface Biology and Geology and ESA's Copernicus Hyperspectral Imaging Mission for the Environment, have offered new and tangible insights into user needs that are then incorporated into overall mission planning and design. These technologies and tools will be key to develop and consolidate downstream services for users and resource management, given the current pressures on the environment posed by climate change and population growth. This process has highlighted the degree to which planned mission capabilities are responsive to community needs. In this study, we analyze user requirements belonging to the Italian Copernicus User Forum and to the user pool of NASA's Surface Biology and Geology community for the synergic use of hyperspectral imaging technology, providing a reference for the development of earth observation services and the consolidation of existing ones. In addition, potential cross‐mission coordination is analyzed to highlight key benefits—(a) addressing shared community needs around products requiring more frequent temporal revisit and (b) shared resources and community expertise around algorithm development. This paper discusses the critical role of early engagement with users to establish a community of practice ready to work with high spatial resolution imaging spectroscopy data sets. The main outcome is a guide for the synergetic use of hyperspectral mission and data together with the identification of the main gaps between user needs and satellite capabilities influencing the development of key national and trans‐national downstream services. Plain Language Summary: In this research we have analyzed needs of users to understand how to develop and improve earth observation downstream services. Hyperspectral imaging provides information across the electromagnetic spectrum in more detail than multispectral imaging, allowing more specific analysis and accurate identification of materials and substances. The users in this study belong to the Italian Copernicus User Forum and to the NASA Surface Biology and Geology community which provided requirements respectively for ESA's Copernicus Hyperspectral Imaging Mission for the Environment and NASA's Surface Biology and Geology. This work identifies common users and examines the advantages of potential synergy between these hyperspectral satellites for responding to their needs. This analysis shows that the synergy would bring significant advantages in terms of improved revisit time and represents an opportunity to address shared community needs around product and algorithm development. Key Points: Current users' needs for hyperspectral earth observation data suggest future investment in improving spatial and temporal resolutionCoordination between missions can fill this gap especially improving temporal revisitShared community and resources can facilitate the improvement of products from these missions and their use across different sectors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'Smart Home' is a strongly technology-driven field. While user-centered requirements have been reported for specific features, a considerable gap persists for design based on an everyday home context and the social and emotional nature of the home. To address this, we present a user-centered design process to question and expand narrow framings of energy-efficiency and smart control and consider the richness and variety of the domestic context as design space for smart homes. Our three-step investigation employs cultural probing, participatory design fiction, and focus groups to progress from the home context "as-is" towards a blending of values with technological responses. Our findings highlight the home as a complex construct imbued with organically grown practices and individual and collective needs, values, and emotions. Based on empirical, real-user data we present features and system expectations that address this multifaceted overall picture. This paper advises the design process of future smart home solutions in three facets: first, we discuss the value of the design process applied in this study and future possibilities to expand. Second, we show design dimensions, namely time, space, relations, individual factors, and values that allow design for a heterogeneity of users and situations. Third, we derive specific design goals to highlight directions of smart home system design: design for control, low effort, integration, evolvability, identity, sociability, and benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately 90% of the global human population have access to a supply of electrical energy. Existing national electrical energy supply systems possess good technical availability but with significant system-inherent risks. The latter show their effects in the systems' operational behaviour, their impact on the national economy and on the global climate. National electrical energy supply systems in their current state can therefore not be considered sustainable. This invites the question, "can there be a national electrical energy supply system that is simultaneously technologically, economically and environmentally sustainable?". Main text: The contents of this article are of a fundamental nature. They start from a newly established axiomatic system for multiple-sustainable electric energy systems. The axioms contain no dependencies on individual users, nation states or technologies. For the transition into a sustainable energy system, core challenges faced by existing systems are synthesized, the fulfillment of which determines the feasibility of future systems. We state that anthropogenically generated electrical energy is a product possessing a cultural-technical significance. In this article, the possibilities arising from the physical fundamentals are considered. In addition, a new control system is developed that integrates user impact, quality assurance and cost developments in order to show a means to multiple-sustainable energy supply systems. An essential component of the control system is a unified view of energy production and energy transport. This also includes a transition from the previous, technology-dominated energy supply system into a new system for which the relevant social concerns are primary. One axiom deals with the economic concerns of management organizations of national electrical energy systems. At first, only the monetary working hypothesis is formulated, whereby organizations within the energy economy must be decoupled from basic business principles. Detailed discussions will be dealt with in a further article. Conclusions: Through the transition from a technology-defined to a user-defined electrical energy supply system, the system-immanent risks in the operational behaviour, the national economy and the climate can be avoided simultaneously in an ideal complementary combination. Building upon the physical solution space, the quality-assured control process, which contains a systematic cost-reversal and a central focus upon the cultural-technical product of electrical energy, ensures such a transition is achievable by means of fulfillment of the core challenges. For these fundamental statements, which refer to the transformation into a future system, detailed explanations of organizational units are not yet necessary since they are not subject to any natural-scientific restrictions. However, they are essential for the post-transformation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual diversification of personalized usage scenarios, user requirements play a direct role in product design decisions. Due to the problem of fuzzy demand caused by user cognitive bias, traditional design methods usually focus on realizing product functions and cannot effectively match user requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes a complex product module division method for user requirements. The method constitutes of three tasks, requirement analysis of module division, design mapping of module division and scheme implementation of module division. Firstly, based on the progressive architecture from initial requirements to precise requirements, the effective user requirements are obtained through similarity recommendation. Secondly, according to the four types of knowledge of function, geometry, physics and design, the design structure matrix is constructed to complete the Requirement-Function-Structure mapping. The improved Fuzzy C-means Algorithm is used to solve the mapping model, and finally a module division scheme that meets the user requirements is obtained. Taking the chip removal machine as an example, the rationality and effectiveness of the method are verified. The results show that the product modules divided by this method can effectively meet the multiple user requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To deliver user-friendly experiences, modern software applications rely heavily on graphical user interfaces (GUIs). However, it is paramount to ensure the quality of these GUIs through effective testing. This paper proposes a novel "Finite state testing for GUI with test case prioritization using ZScore-Bald Eagle Search (Z-BES) and Gini Kernel-Gated recurrent unit (GK-GRU)" approach to enhance GUI testing accuracy and efficiency. First, historical project data is collected. Subsequently, by utilizing the Z-BES algorithm, test cases are prioritized, aiding in improving GUI testing. Attributes are then extracted from prioritized test cases, which contain crucial details. Additionally, a state transition diagram (STD) is generated to visualize system behavior. The state activity score (SAS) is then computed to quantify state importance using reinforcement learning (RL). Next, GUI components are identified, and their text values are extracted. Similarity scores between GUI text values and test case attributes are computed. Grounded on similarity scores and SAS, a fuzzy algorithm labels the test cases. Data representation is enhanced by word embedding using GS-BERT. Finally, the test case outcomes are predicted by the GK-GRU, validating the GUI performance. The proposed work attains 98% accuracy, precision, recall, f-measure, and sensitivity, and low FPR and FNR error rates of 14.2 and 7.5, demonstrating the reliability of the model. The proposed Z-BES requires only 5587 ms to prioritize the test cases, retaining less time complexity. Meanwhile, the GK-GRU technique requires 38945 ms to train the neurons, thus enhancing the computational efficiency of the system. In conclusion, experimental outcomes demonstrate that, compared with the prevailing approaches, the proposed technique attains superior performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fourth European Nowcasting Conference took place as an online event from 21 to 24 March 2022, organized by the EUMETNET (European National Meteorological and Hydrological Services Network) Nowcasting Program (E‑NWC), and kindly supported by EUMETCAL (EUMETNET Education and Training Collaborative Network of the National Meteorological Services within Europe). More than 110 participants attended the conference. 46 conference's presentations were given within the 0) opening session, a session on 1) observation as a basis for nowcasting, 2) seamless prediction with a special focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI), 3) nowcasting systems, products, and techniques and 4) verification, impacts on society, as well as applications and aspects of users. This report summarizes the scientific contributions presented and the discussed scientific questions.

Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) is often referred to as an important cornerstone in the context of counteracting climate change. It aims to capture CO2 from various sources and to store it in valuable products more or less permanently. While the environmental impact of this technology has already received much scientific attention, this work takes a social science perspective on the matter. Using an empirical mixed-methods approach consisting of an exploratory focus group study (N = 13) and a validating quantitative questionnaire study (N = 198), public perceptions and acceptance of CCU were assessed in Germany by identifying motivators, barriers, and usage requirements. As CCU products, clothing, cosmetics, and food packaging were under study. Potential cost savings from shortened supply chains or manufacturing steps were the biggest motivator for using CCU. However, environmental impacts resulting from the degradation and reuse of CO2 were also recognized and the conservation of fossil resources was also acknowledged. The biggest barrier, in contrast, was the concern about possible manipulation of consumers through marketing. Participants feared that CCU would be publicly portrayed as better than it actually is. In addition, a high energy input in the production of CCU products was expected and doubts were expressed about the longevity of the positive environmental impacts of CCU. General acceptance within the sample was quite high, however, the level of CCU awareness was rather low. Our results show a considerable lack of public knowledge about and information regarding the environmental impact of CCU, among other factors, despite this very topic garnering plenty of scientific attention. A need for publicly accessible information materials uniquely tailored toward potential consumer target groups was revealed.

Introduction: Teleoperated robotic manipulators allow us to bring human dexterity and cognition to hard-to-reach places on Earth and in space. In long-distance teleoperation, however, the limits of the speed of light results in an unavoidable and perceivable signal delay. The resultant disconnect between command, action, and feedback means that systems often behave unexpectedly, reducing operators' trust in their systems. If we are to widely adopt telemanipulation technology in high-latency applications, we must identify and specify what would make these systems trustworthy. Methods: In this requirements elicitation study, we present the results of 13 interviews with expert operators of remote machinery from four different application areas--nuclear reactor maintenance, robot-assisted surgery, underwater exploration, and ordnance disposal--exploring which features, techniques, or experiences lead them to trust their systems. Results: We found that across all applications, except for surgery, the top-priority requirement for developing trust is that operators must have a comprehensive engineering understanding of the systems' capabilities and limitations. The remaining requirements can be summarized into three areas: improving situational awareness, facilitating operator training, and familiarity, and easing the operator's cognitive load. Discussion: While the inclusion of technical features to assist the operators was welcomed, these were given lower priority than non-technical, user-centric approaches. The signal delays in the participants' systems ranged from none perceived to 1 min, and included examples of successful dexterous telemanipulation for maintenance tasks with a 2 s delay. As this is comparable to Earth-to-orbit and Earth-to-Moon delays, the requirements discussed could be transferable to telemanipulation tasks in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]