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The proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots such as ChatGPT has sparked a transformation in the dynamics of human–machine interactions. However, little is known about the psychological mechanisms underlying generative AI chatbot–human relationships. Building on the investment model, this study examined the influence of generative AI user-friendliness and playfulness on ChatGPT commitment and continuance usage intention. The results of an online survey conducted in the United States (N = 446) indicated that user-friendliness and playfulness positively affect satisfaction, investment size, and perceived quality of alternatives. Both satisfaction and investment size positively affect commitment to ChatGPT, thereby influencing the intention to continue using generative AI chatbots. However, the quality of alternatives did not significantly affect user commitment to ChatGPT. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of building user relationships with generative AI chatbots by identifying user-friendliness (representing utilitarian value) and playfulness (representing hedonic value) as key factors in determining generative AI continuance usage intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tracks the wider politics of emotion that run through the work of Günther Anders. It conceptualises the emergence of "anaesthetic violence", a feel-good, or even unsensed form of power that configures around user-friendly devices. Anders' mapping of the sense of inferiority, obsolescence and humiliating dependency our devices can invoke in us is gaining scholarly traction, but his work also exposes anaesthetic structures of feeling that merit further consideration. To open this perspective, the first part develops the quasi-Socratic formula "I feel that I feel nothing" through a detailed reading of the politics of emotion in Anders' work. This provides the pretext for an outlook on the anaesthetic dimension of human-machine interaction in the context of digital technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeDespite the increase in socio-health conditions and, in general, the focus on health worldwide, many diseases still adversely affect the quality of life (QoL), including those causing vision loss. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the QoL of people with visual impairments through a questionnaire and identify issues concerning everyday life in the urban and extra-urban areas of Turin.Patients and methodsA personalized questionnaire including 25 questions was distributed to 100 enrolled patients. It was designed by integrating the most widely used questionnaires related to the QoL of people with visual impairment with questions concerning the city of Turin. The inclusion criteria were any degree of visual impairment (from mild defect to complete blindness), according to Law n. 138/2001 classification. The exclusion criteria were mental disability and residence in care homes. Finally, statistical analysis was performed. Pearson’s Chi-Square test was used to evaluate the strength of the association between two qualitative variables in different sections of the questionnaire. The results were classified as statistically significant with a p-value of ≤0.05 or borderline (0.05

Purpose – With the increasing requirements for intelligence in the field of aviation manufacturing, manual assembly can hardly adapt to the trend of future production. The purpose of this study is to realize the semi-automatic assembly of the movable airfoil by proposing a human-robot collaborative assembly strategy based on adaptive admittance control. Design/methodology/approach – A logical judgment system for operating intentions is introduced in terms of different situations of the movements; hence, a human cognition-based adaptive admittance control method is developed to curb the damage of inertia; then virtual limit walls are raised on the periphery of the control model to ensure safety; finally, simulated and experimental comparisons with other admittance control methods are conducted to validate the proposed method. Findings – The proposed method can save at least 28.8% of the time in the stopping phase which effectively compensates for inertia during the assembly process and has high robustness concerning data disturbances. Originality/value – Due to the human-robot collaboration to achieve compliant assembly of movable airfoils can preserve human subjectivity while overcoming the physical limits of humans, which is of great significance to the investigation of intelligent aircraft assembly, the proposed method that reflects the user's naturalness and intuitiveness can not only enhance the stability and the flexibility of the manipulation, but also contribute to applications of industrial robots in the field of human-robot collaboration.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the association and impact between online banking service practices on e-customer satisfaction, and e-customer loyalty. In addition, it aims to analyze mediating role of e-satisfaction to online banking service practices and e-loyalty. The research followed the E-S-QUAL model to measure the online banking service quality (OBSQL) by five dimensions: e-customer service, site of the organization, website efficiency, user-friendliness, security, and privacy. It is based on quantitative research approach with a structured questionnaire through primary data collection by stratified random sampling. Out of 475 questionnaires distributed, 384 usable questionnaires were used, and SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze. An exploratory factor analysis was used to confirm the online banking service quality dimensions and structural equation modeling was employed to estimate the parameters and structure. The result explained that the efficiency of the website and e-customer service were highly influential dimensions of online banking service practices, followed by user-friendliness, security and privacy, and the organization's site. E-customer satisfaction significantly influences e-customer loyalty, and e-satisfaction mediates the association between online banking services and e-customer loyalty, which is a prime concern to bankers, users, and policymakers for continuous development. This research presents a model to recognize the quality of online banking services that affects electronic customer loyalty and satisfaction in developing countries of South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital voice assistants (DVAs) are increasingly used to search for health information. However, the quality of information provided by DVAs is not consistent across health conditions. From our knowledge, there have been no studies that evaluated the quality of DVAs in response to diabetes-related queries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of DVAs in relation to queries on diabetes management. Materials and methods: Seventy-four questions were posed to smartphone (Apple Siri, Google Assistant, Samsung Bixby) and non-smartphone DVAs (Amazon Alexa, Sulli the Diabetes Guru, Google Nest Mini, Microsoft Cortana), and their responses were compared to that of Internet Google Search. Questions were categorized under diagnosis, screening, management, treatment and complications of diabetes, and the impacts of COVID-19 on diabetes. The DVAs were evaluated on their technical ability, user-friendliness, reliability, comprehensiveness and accuracy of their responses. Data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to report inter-rater reliability. Results: Google Assistant (n = 69/74, 93.2%), Siri and Nest Mini (n = 64/74, 86.5% each) had the highest proportions of successful and relevant responses, in contrast to Cortana (n = 23/74, 31.1%) and Sulli (n = 10/74, 13.5%), which had the lowest successful and relevant responses. Median total scores of the smartphone DVAs (Bixby 75.3%, Google Assistant 73.3%, Siri 72.0%) were comparable to that of Google Search (70.0%, p = 0.034), while median total scores of non-smartphone DVAs (Nest Mini 56.9%, Alexa 52.9%, Cortana 52.5% and Sulli the Diabetes Guru 48.6%) were significantly lower (p < 0.001). Non-smartphone DVAs had much lower median comprehensiveness (16.7% versus 100.0%, p < 0.001) and reliability scores (30.8% versus 61.5%, p < 0.001) compared to Google Search. Conclusions: Google Assistant, Siri and Bixby were the best-performing DVAs for answering diabetes-related queries. However, the lack of successful and relevant responses by Bixby may frustrate users, especially if they have COVID-19 related queries. All DVAs scored highly for userfriendliness, but can be improved in terms of accuracy, comprehensiveness and reliability. DVA designers are encouraged to consider features related to accuracy, comprehensiveness, reliability and user-friendliness when developing their products, so as to enhance the quality of DVAs for medical purposes, such as diabetes management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Norwegian charging infrastructure ecosystem was investigated from a user perspective by (1) developing knowledge of end-user experiences with public charging, (2) mapping BEV owners and future owner's user-friendliness needs and the extent to which these needs are met, (3) pointing at potential user-friendliness improvements, (4) mapping the charging infrastructure ecosystem and business models, and (5) developing scenarios for the future system development and the impact on charging infrastructure user-friendliness. The article draws on the literature, a BEV (battery electric vehicle) and ICEV (internal combustion engine vehicle) owner survey, 15 BEV owner interviews, 21 charging infrastructure actor interviews, and open information sources on the charger actors. The unregulated charging system evolved into a complex web of actors that developed their own charging networks following their individually sensible business models, which in sum led to serious user-friendliness issues. To gain access to all chargers, users need to interact with up to 20–30 apps and 13 payment systems, which comes on top of different plug types, power levels, and charger interfaces. Some actors support roaming, while others oppose it. OEMs want users to interface with chargers through the navigation system. In the future, the system will become even more complex and less user friendly as more actors join unless, e.g., consolidation, regulation, or independent network orchestrators reduce the complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marketing of intangible services – particularly of unsought services such as those of the funeral industry – can be said to pose inherently unique challenges to marketers. Because of the unsought nature of funeral services, consumers generally avoid the industry, primarily because the services offered by the funeral industry are associated with death and grief. This article reports on some selected findings of an evaluation of the effectiveness of funeral-home websites of members of the National Funeral Directors Association (NFDA) of South Africa. The focus of this paper is on the user-friendliness of the websites under consideration. A quantitative content analysis of the websites in question was conducted to collect the relevant data. The findings indicate that the majority of the websites may be considered satisfactory in terms of their overall ease of use. As well as some recommendations for improvements to the websites, a few suggestions for future research are also provided.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Physical activity and exercise provide unequivocal benefits to those living with and beyond lung cancer. However, few of those living with and beyond cancer meet the national physical activity guidelines. Various barriers exist for this population's engagement in physical activity and exercise, such as the lack of knowledge and lack of tailored information, little access to exercise specialists, fatigue, and mobility challenges. Digitally delivered programmes have the potential to address several of these barriers, with techniques like "computer-tailoring" available to enable the delivery of tailored content at a time and place that is convenient. However, evaluation of such programmes is needed prior to implementation. This protocol describes a single group study that will examine the feasibility and acceptability of an online tool (ExerciseGuide UK) that provides those living with and beyond lung cancer web-based computer-tailored physical activity prescription and modules underpinned by behaviour change theories. Methods: Thirty-five individuals diagnosed with lung cancer, or cancer affecting the lung (e.g. pleural mesothelioma), will be recruited into a single-intervention arm. The platform will provide tailored resources and a personalised physical activity programme using IF-THEN algorithms. Exercise prescription will be tailored on factors such as self-reported specific pain location, exercise history, and current physical fitness. In addition, modules grounded in behaviour change will supplement the physical activity programme and will focus on topics such as exercise benefits, safety, goal setting, and tracking. The primary outcome will be assessed using pre-established criteria on feasibility and mixed-methods approach for acceptability. Secondary outcomes will explore changes in the physical activity, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Discussion: This manuscript describes the protocol for a study examining the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based computer-tailored physical activity intervention for those living with and beyond lung cancer. The publication of this protocol aims to increase the transparency of the methods, report pre-determined criteria, and aid replication of the study and associated materials. If feasible and acceptable, this intervention will inform future studies of digital-based interventions. Trail registration: ClinicalTrails.gov, NCT05121259. Registered on November 16, 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) demonstrates good psychometric characteristics in research settings. However, evidence about these characteristics in pragmatic ICU settings is inconsistent. This study evaluated psychometric properties and user-friendliness of the ICDSC when administered by ICU nurses in daily practice. Methods This prospective study included 77 patients from a surgical intensive care unit. To examine the psychometric characteristics, the scores on the ICDSC (performed by bedside nurses) were compared with the scores on the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) (performed by researchers as gold standard). The user-friendliness was evaluated by 34 ICU nurses with a 20-item questionnaire. Results The ICDSC had an area under the curve of 0.843. It showed a good diagnostic accuracy with a sensitivity of 81.0%, a specificity of 87.7%, and a 53.1% positive and 96.4% negative predictive value. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for all ICDSC scores was high (0.839). Overall, ICU nurses experienced the ICDSC as easy-to-use. The scale was usable in most surgical ICU patients. Yet, some nurses (11.8%) had problems to score the items ‘inappropriate speech’ and ‘symptom fluctuation’ in intubated patients. Conclusions The ICDSC is a valid and user-friendly tool for delirium screening in daily ICU nursing practice. Yet, some problems were reported in intubated patients. Therefore, validation studies with specific focus on intubated patients are needed.

For many organizations, knowledge sharing is essential to keep their competitive ability. As characteristics of available communication media might influence knowledge flows in the organization, this study examines if the frequency of some communication media usage and their perceived usefulness relate to the extent of knowledge sharing. The study applied a quantitative research design and used opinion-based questionnaires. In total, 178 participants from the Czech Republic were involved, mainly from manufacturing industry. Significant positive correlations between “how often employees use the defined instruments for gathering and communicating information in work” and “how useful employees find the defined instruments for gathering and communicating information in work” to “the extent of knowledge sharing in the organization” were identified. Additionally, the frequency of the use of communication media predicted the extent of knowledge sharing in the organization. Specifically, the frequency of the use of meetings significantly predicted the extent of knowledge sharing (β = .54, p < .001). Moreover, perceived usefulness of communication media projected the frequency of the use of communication media. The findings confirm that if employees see the offered communication tools as being useful, they are willing to use them more often, and it has a positive effect on the extent of knowledge sharing. Therefore, the design of communication tools should take into account the needs and requirements of the workforce who will use it. Additionally, organizations should organize effective meetings if they want to enhance knowledge sharing in the organization. AcknowledgmentThis work was supported by Tomas Bata University in Zlín [grant numbers RO/2016/07, RO/2018/04].

Background: The time that nurses spent on documentation can be substantial and burdensome. To date it was unknown if documentation activities are related to the workload that nurses perceive. A distinction between clinical documentation and organizational documentation seems relevant. This study aims to gain insight into community nurses' views on a potential relationship between their clinical and organizational documentation activities and their perceived nursing workload. Methods: A convergent mixed-methods design was used. A quantitative survey was completed by 195 Dutch community nurses and a further 28 community nurses participated in qualitative focus groups. For the survey an online questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-ranked tests, Spearman's rank correlations and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to analyse the survey data. Next, four qualitative focus groups were conducted in an iterative process of data collection - data analysis - more data collection, until data saturation was reached. In the qualitative analysis, the six steps of thematic analysis were followed. Results: The majority of the community nurses perceived a high workload due to documentation activities. Although survey data showed that nurses estimated that they spent twice as much time on clinical documentation as on organizational documentation, the workload they perceived from these two types of documentation was comparable. Focus-group participants found organizational documentation particularly redundant. Furthermore, the survey indicated that a perceived high workload was not related to actual time spent on clinical documentation, while actual time spent on organizational documentation was related to the perceived workload. In addition, the survey showed no associations between community nurses' perceived workload and the user-friendliness of electronic health records. Yet focus-group participants did point towards the impact of limited user-friendliness on their perceived workload. Lastly, there was no association between the perceived workload and whether the nursing process was central in the electronic health records. Conclusions: Community nurses often perceive a high workload due to clinical and organizational documentation activities. Decreasing the time nurses have to spend specifically on organizational documentation and improving the user-friendliness and intercommunicability of electronic health records appear to be important ways of reducing the workload that community nurses perceive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The period of regular contractions before 4 cm of cervical dilatation is often referred to as the latent phase or early labor. Women find it challenging to prepare for and cope with this phase of labor, and easily accessed web-based information from reliable sources may be useful in this preparation. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the development of a Norwegian website, Latens.no, for people seeking information on early labor and to explore users' experiences with the website to increase its user-friendliness. Methods: We developed a website using an iterative process involving a multidisciplinary research team, health personnel, users, a graphic designer, and an expert in software development. We explored the website's user-friendliness using semistructured individual interviews and the think-aloud method. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. We then analyzed the participants' feedback on the website. Results: Participants included women who had recently given birth to their first baby (n=2), women who were pregnant with their first baby (n=4), and their partners (n=2). Results from participants' experiences completing tasks included positive feedback related to the content of Latens.no, positive feedback related to the website's design, and suggestions for improvement. Participants wanted to find information on early labor on the internet. Moreover, they found the information on the website relevant, trustworthy, and easy to read, and the design was attractive and easy to use. Overall, the participants performed the tasks easily, with few clicks and minimal effort. Conclusions: The think-aloud method, while performing tasks, allowed for detailed feedback. The participants confirmed the user-friendliness of the website but at the same time provided information enabling improvement. We expect that changes made based on this user-centered design study will further increase the usability and acceptability of Latens.no. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Norwegian charging infrastructure ecosystem was investigated from a user perspective by (1) developing knowledge of end-user experiences with public charging, (2) mapping BEV owners and future owner’s user-friendliness needs and the extent to which these needs are met, (3) pointing at potential user-friendliness improvements, (4) mapping the charging infrastructure ecosystem and business models, and (5) developing scenarios for the future system development and the impact on charging infrastructure user-friendliness. The article draws on the literature, a BEV (battery electric vehicle) and ICEV (internal combustion engine vehicle) owner survey, 15 BEV owner interviews, 21 charging infrastructure actor interviews, and open information sources on the charger actors. The unregulated charging system evolved into a complex web of actors that developed their own charging networks following their individually sensible business models, which in sum led to serious user-friendliness issues. To gain access to all chargers, users need to interact with up to 20–30 apps and 13 payment systems, which comes on top of different plug types, power levels, and charger interfaces. Some actors support roaming, while others oppose it. OEMs want users to interface with chargers through the navigation system. In the future, the system will become even more complex and less user friendly as more actors join unless, e.g., consolidation, regulation, or independent network orchestrators reduce the complexity.

Introduction: Knee joint distraction (KJD) is a surgical technique for treatment of severe knee osteoarthritis at a relatively young age. In the absence of devices intended for KJD, this procedure has only been performed with devices with another intended use. In collaboration with patients, clinicians and medical device experts, a dedicated distraction (DD) device intended for KJD was developed. Objectives: To compare user-friendliness between the new DD device and a previously used concept distraction (CD) device. Methods: Patients were treated with either of the devices (n = 22 versus n = 22). The intervention duration and treatment complications were registered. After treatment, patients filled out a questionnaire about user-friendliness of the device during treatment, containing questions on difficulties performing activities regarding clothing, sleeping, pin care, daily activities, mobility, and complications. Results were compared between the 2 groups. Results: Intervention duration was on average 56 versus 44 minutes (P < .001) for CD and DD device, respectively. Pin tract infections were the most prevalent complication (73% of CD patients vs 55% of DD patients; P = .210). 34 patients filled out the questionnaire (16 CD device vs 18 DD device). User-friendliness was better for the DD device for 6/25 questions (all P < .05) and not different between devices for remaining questions (all P > .1). Conclusions: The DD device intended for KJD reduces surgery time and improves user-friendliness compared to the CD device. As such, the DD device contributes to implementation of KJD treatment in regular care.

• Antibody detecting rapid tests for SARS-CoV-2 have variable analytical quality. • Out of 32 rapids tests, none had analytical performance classified as good. • Seven rapid tests had acceptable analytical quality and user-friendliness. To evaluate the analytical performance of 32 rapid tests for detection of antibodies against coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We used at total of 262 serum samples (197 pre-pandemic and 65 convalescent COVID-19), and three criteria to evaluate the rapid tests under standardized and optimal conditions: (i) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) specificity "good" if lower limit of the 95% confidence interval was ≥ 97.0%, "acceptable" if point estimate was ≥ 97.0%, otherwise "not acceptable". (ii) IgG sensitivity "good" if point estimate was ≥ 90.0%, "acceptable" if ≥ 85.0%, otherwise "not acceptable". (iii) User-friendliness "not acceptable" if complicated to perform or difficult to read result, otherwise "good". We also included partial evaluations of three automated immunoassay systems. Sensitivity and specificity varied considerably; IgG specificity between 90.9% (85.9–94.2) and 100% (97.7–100.0), and IgG sensitivity between 53.8% (41.9–65.4) and 98.5% (91.0–100.0). Combining our evaluation criteria, none of the 28 rapid tests that detected IgG had an overall performance considered "good", seven tests were considered "acceptable", while 21 tests were considered "not acceptable". Four tests detected only total antibodies and were not given an overall evaluation. IgG sensitivity and/or specificity of the automated immunoassays did not exceed that of many rapid tests. When prevalence is low, the most important analytical property is a test's IgG specificity, which must be high to minimize false positive results. Out of 32 rapid tests, none had a performance classified as "good", but seven were classified as "acceptable". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction workers in various studies across the globe have indicated that there is some discomfort with the use of safety helmets, and that some workers do not use safety helmets as required, resulting in a compromise to their health and safety protection. This study investigates the processes involved in the selection and procurement of safety helmets for construction workers and assesses these efforts by interrogating the discomforts experienced by users in spite of these selection considerations. The study focuses on safety helmets used by construction workers, as this is a common form of personal protective equipment (PPE) usually given out on construction sites to prevent head injuries, which are among the severest forms of occupational accidents in the industry. Primary data were obtained through a questionnaire survey conducted with construction firms operating in Ghana and semi-structured interviews with construction workers. The findings from the study indicate that in spite of the purported considerations by construction firms in the selection and procurement of PPE, construction workers continually experience several discomforts with the use of safety helmets. The study proposes a Behaviour-Based Safety Intervention Framework to guide the selection and procurement of user-friendly PPE that improves the user experience of safety helmets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitivity and specificity of rapid antigen detection tests (RADTs) for detection of group A hemolytic streptococcus (GAS) vary. The purpose is to present the first SKUP (Scandinavian evaluation of laboratory equipment for point of care testing) evaluations concerning the assessment of the diagnostic performance and user-friendliness of two RADTs for detection of GAS when used under real-life conditions in primary health care. Throat samples were collected in duplicates at primary health care centers (PHCCs) from patients with symptoms of pharyngitis. The performance of QuickVue Dipstick Strep A test (307 samples) and DIAQUICK Strep A Blue Dipstick (348 samples) was evaluated using culture results at a clinical microbiology laboratory as comparison. The user-friendliness was evaluated using a questionnaire. The diagnostic sensitivity was 92% (90% confidence interval (CI) 87–96%) and 72% (90% CI 65–79%), while the diagnostic specificity was 86% (90% CI 81–90%) and 98% (90% CI 96–99%) for QuickVue Dipstick Strep A test and DIAQUICK Strep A Blue Dipstick, respectively. Both RADTs obtained acceptable assessments for user-friendliness and fulfilled SKUP's quality goal for user-friendliness. The diagnostic sensitivity for QuickVue Dipstick Strep A test and the diagnostic specificity for DIAQUICK Strep A Blue Dipstick in this objective and supplier-independent evaluation were higher compared with previous meta-analyses of RADTs. However, the diagnostic specificity for QuickVue Dipstick Strep A test and the diagnostic sensitivity for DIAQUICK Strep A Blue Dipstick were lower compared with previous meta-analyses of RADTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study explores the application of CardioSecur® (CS-ECG), a hand-held 4-electrode/22-lead ECG-device, in comparison with conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram (c12L-ECG) in patients with acute chest pain in the prehospital emergency setting.Methods: CS-ECG systems were provided for two physician-staffed emergency ambulances and parallel recordings of c12L-ECG and CS-ECG were obtained from all patients with acute chest pain. Treating emergency physicians were asked to evaluate the CS-ECG system with a standardized questionnaire. Following study completion, acquired ECGs were analyzed separately by two independent cardiologists blinded to all other medical records.Results: Over a period of 20 months a total of 203 patients were included in our study. According to a standardized questionnaire, 79% of emergency medical professionals preferred application of CS-ECG, with 87% of teams judging CS-ECG to be beneficial for patients. Morover, 79% of physicians reported a reduction in time to definitive diagnosis with implementation of CS-ECG. The majority of professional users attested user-friendliness and feasibility of CS-ECG in terms of easy general handling (94%), application (93%), and placement of electrodes (98%). During prehospital triage, both c12L-ECG and CS-ECG correctly identified 31 (91%) patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Conclusion: In this first pilot study, implementation of the CardioSecur®-ECG system in the prehospital emergency setting demonstrated feasibility and user-friendliness so that emergency teams generally preferred CS-ECG to c12L-ECG. Diagnostic yield of CS-ECG was similar to c12L-ECG recordings.

In the era of digitalization, an increasing amount of material is becoming available to the users of the Web. Accordingly, for the purpose of collecting material for exhibitions, preparing lectures, researching the history of a nation or the life of a particular painter, writing a blog or posting a tweet, the necessary illustrations, photographs or manuscripts can be found on portals such as Europeana, the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA), and many others. This paper aims to present the process of searching for material related to the selected topic, i.e. reading as a motif on the posters in the New York Public Library Digital Collections, given that the part of the digitized material is in public domain. In addition to the numerous possibilities of using and sharing material for users of the portal, the searching process difficulties were also pointed out. The purpose of the paper is to bring the functioning of a portal with digitized material closer to readers from the point of view of librarians as users, to point out the problems of the processing, visibility, and accessibility of this material, as well as to encourage librarians to come up with ideas and solutions for creating more attractive, coherent, and user-friendly portals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

D-dimer testing combined with a clinical assessment has become a standard pathway for ruling-out venous thromboembolism (VTE). Recently, novel Point-of-Care (POC) D-dimer assays have been introduced, enabling low-volume blood sampling for rapid exclusion of VTE in a one-step procedure. We assessed the analytical validity and user-friendliness of a set of these novel POC D-dimer assays, and compared the results with a standard laboratory assay. Plasma samples were run on our reference assay (STA-Liatest D-di PLUS®) and five POC assays: Nano-Checker 710®, AFIAS-1®; iChroma-II®; Standard F200® and Hipro AFS/1®). After evaluating imprecision, Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficients were calculated, Passing Bablok regression was performed and Bland-Altman plots were generated. User-friendliness was evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS). A set of 238 plasma samples of patients clinically suspected of VTE in general practice was available for analysis. Only one POC D-dimer assay (Nano-Checker 710) demonstrated an insufficient degree of imprecision. Pearson correlation coefficients and mean biases ranged from 0.68 to 0.93 and -165 to -53 μg/L respectively, and concordance with our reference assay varied from 71.8% to 89.5% using a 500 μg/L cut-off point. While we found considerable variation in overall user-friendliness, most devices were judged easy to use. In view of our findings regarding analytical performance and user-friendliness, we consider most of the novel POC D-dimer assays can be used in settings outside of the laboratory such as general practice, combining the possibility of multi-testing with low-volume capillary blood sampling and processing times of less than 15 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) demonstrates good psychometric characteristics in research settings. However, evidence about these characteristics in pragmatic ICU settings is inconsistent. This study evaluated psychometric properties and user-friendliness of the ICDSC when administered by ICU nurses in daily practice. Methods: This prospective study included 77 patients from a surgical intensive care unit. To examine the psychometric characteristics, the scores on the ICDSC (performed by bedside nurses) were compared with the scores on the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) (performed by researchers as gold standard). The user-friendliness was evaluated by 34 ICU nurses with a 20-item questionnaire. Results: The ICDSC had an area under the curve of 0.843. It showed a good diagnostic accuracy with a sensitivity of 81.0%, a specificity of 87.7%, and a 53.1% positive and 96.4% negative predictive value. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all ICDSC scores was high (0.839). Overall, ICU nurses experienced the ICDSC as easy-to-use. The scale was usable in most surgical ICU patients. Yet, some nurses (11.8%) had problems to score the items 'inappropriate speech' and 'symptom fluctuation' in intubated patients. Conclusions: The ICDSC is a valid and user-friendly tool for delirium screening in daily ICU nursing practice. Yet, some problems were reported in intubated patients. Therefore, validation studies with specific focus on intubated patients are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates young consumers' behavioural intention based on attractiveness, user-friendliness, and marketing effectiveness of economy hotel websites. Comparison of ratings between languages used and groups of respondents was also made. Results showed no significant difference in scores between the English language and Chinese language websites. Chinese and Thai respondents reported significant differences in three dimensions for the English language websites. Site attractiveness, user-friendliness, and marketing effectiveness are positively linked to behavioural intentions. Marketing effectiveness is a crucial driver for making an online reservation and for recommendation/revisit. Language matters and is important in customer relationships in the context of B2C communication. Website designers and marketers can consider additional design factors in order to improve the overall design of the websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Depression has a high impact on both patients and the people around them. These non-professional caregivers often experience overburdening and are at risk for developing psychological symptoms themselves. Internet interventions have the potential to be accessible and (cost)-effective in terms of reducing and preventing psychological symptoms. Less is known about their potential to decrease psychological distress among caregivers. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate (1) the user-friendliness and (2) the initial short-term effects on psychological distress of ‘E-care for caregivers’, an internet based guided self-management intervention for non-professional caregivers of depressed patients. Methods: A pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT: n = 80) comparing ‘E-care for caregivers’ (n = 41) with a waitlist-control group (n = 39). The primary outcome measure (user-friendliness) was assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS) and semi-structured telephone interviews among participants. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed with thematic content analysis. Secondary outcomes were assessed through online questionnaires administered at baseline and post-intervention at six weeks among caregivers. Statistical analyses were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle using regression techniques for the secondary outcomes. Results: All participants were recruited within six weeks through online advertising. Two-thirds of participants experienced higher levels of psychological distress (K10 > 20). The internet intervention was evaluated as user-friendly by caregivers (average score of 81.5, range [0–100]). Results did not show a reduction in psychological distress or other secondary outcome measures. Sensitivity analyses showed a decreased quality of life in the control condition compared to the intervention condition (p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.44) and higher levels of mastery (p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.48) in the intervention condition compared to controls. Discussion: The internet intervention was evaluated positively for usability and was considered as easy to use. The study did not show a reduction in symptoms of psychological distress. However, there were some indications that those completing the internet intervention perceived higher levels of mastery and a protective effect in quality of life post-intervention. Strengths and limitations: As far as we know, this study is the first to examine the user-friendliness and initial effects of an internet intervention specifically designed for non-professional caregivers of depressed patients. As this was a pilot study, the findings should be interpreted with caution. We recommend investigating the possibilities of providing a (partially) sequential design as well as incorporating themes like stigma and expressed emotion in the online course and subsequent evaluation of the internet intervention in a full-scale RCT, with a six-month follow-up. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register: NTR5268. Registered on 30 June 2015.

Aims: To evaluate 3 Bayesian forecasting (BF) programs—TDMx, InsightRx and DoseMe—on their user‐friendliness and common liked and disliked features through a survey of hospital pharmacists. Methods: Clinical pharmacists across 3 Australian hospitals that did not use a BF program were invited to a BF workshop and complete a survey on programs they trialled. Participants were given 4 case scenarios to work through and asked to complete a 5‐point Likert scale survey evaluating the program's user‐friendliness. Liked and disliked features of each program were ascertained through written responses to open‐ended questions. Survey results were compared using a χ2 test of equal or given proportions to identify significant differences in response. Results: Twenty‐seven pharmacists, from hospitals, participated. BF programs were rated overall as user‐friendly with 70%, 41% and 37% (P = .02) of participants recording a Likert score of 4 or 5 for DoseMe, TDMx and InsightRx, respectively. Participants found it easy to access all required information to use the programs, understood dosing recommendations and visualisations given by each program, and thought programs supported decision‐making with >50% of participants scoring a 4 or 5 across the programs in these categories. Common liked features across all programs were the graphical displays and ease of data entry, while common disliked features were related to the units, layout and information display. Conclusion: Although differences exist between programs, all 3 programs were most commonly rated as user‐friendly across all themes evaluated, which provides useful information for healthcare facilities wanting to implement a BF program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution Rove Chishman and Bruna da Silva present questions to the President of the European Association for Lexicography, Gilles-Maurice de Schryver. In answering, G-M de Schryver calls a spade a spade: No, there is no theory of lexicography, but yes, there is a future for lexicographers. For that future to be bright, lexicographers will have to join hands with the Big Data companies, and accept that their invaluable input will be all but invisible to the users. Artificial Intelligence components will have to be used in earnest, so that 'searches' (not 'look-ups'!) will instantly lead to context-sensitive answers. Browsing lexical data only starts from these answers and proceeds from there in two- (and why not three-) dimensional multimedia spaces. To achieve this, G-M de Schryver points to the most promising research ideas at present, as well as the top teams involved in digital dictionary user research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Towards a Comprehensive Dictionary Culture in the Digital Era. Following a brief introduction this paper offers a discussion of certain aspects of the development of theoretical lexicography. Specific attention is drawn to among others different phases in this development, provision that has to be made for the use of different lexicographic tools and also the user-perspective. The main focus of this contribution is on the development of a comprehensive dictionary culture that unites the traditional division between user-friendliness and dictionary culture in one encompassing comprehensive dictionary culture. A bidirectional relation between society and lexicography is discussed and it is indicated that certain adaptations need to be made in order to improve the comprehensive dictionary culture. This includes both lexicographic and extra-lexicographic adaptations. The distinction between a collective and an individual comprehensive dictionary culture is discussed and it is suggested that dictionary culture should not be a separate main component of dictionary research but should rather be integrated into all four existing main components. Many potential dictionary users within the digital era belong to Generation Z. Some features of this generation are briefly discussed. The need is indicated for an adaptation in lexicography that could motivate this generation to use dictionaries. It is argued that dictionary didactics should play an important role in establishing a comprehensive dictionary culture within Generation Z. This dictionary culture should also be directed at other reference sources.

Background: Patients with postmenopausal nonmetastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer often experience a reduced quality of life after primary treatment. The disease and treatment trajectory consists of surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Upon this, maintenance hormone therapy with an aromatase inhibitor can result in several physical and psychosocial symptoms. Optimal symptom control during maintenance therapy is central to maintaining the patient's quality of life., Objective: This study aims to (1) develop an electronic symptom management tool for patients with postmenopausal early breast cancer receiving maintenance aromatase inhibitors with an endocrine aspect and (2) assess the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of the pilot version of the Bone@BC app. Furthermore, longitudinally, symptom prevalence and quality of life for patients with postmenopausal nonmetastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer will be explored., Methods: This study follows a multistage research plan. In stage 1, a systematic literature review to establish an overview of aromatase inhibitor-related symptoms reported by postmenopausal women with nonmetastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer will be completed. In stage 2, a comprehensive overview of symptoms related to aromatase inhibitors (letrozole, exemestane, and anastrozole) will be performed (eg, by reviewing medical leaflets and guidelines). In stage 3, an electronic app with a user-friendly Patient Concern Inventory list to comprise symptoms and concerns will be developed. Last, in stage 4, a convergent mixed methods feasibility study of the pilot version of the Bone@BC app will be conducted. A total of 45 patients with postmenopausal nonmetastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer will use the app daily for symptom identification and respond to 6 serial patient-reported outcome measurements for 12 weeks. Finally, semistructured interviews will be performed. The primary outcome includes consent rate, attrition rate, retention rates, technical issues, and adherence, assessed using preestablished criteria on feasibility and a mixed methods approach for exploring acceptability. A patient advisory board consisting of 5 women with breast cancer is recruited to include their perspectives and experiences in the planning, organization, implementation, and dissemination of the research throughout the project., Results: At the time of submitting this paper (January 2024), a total of 23 patients have been included in the stage 2 medical audit over the recruitment period of 3 months (November 2022 to February 2023), and 19 patients have been enrolled in stage 2, the semistructured patient interviews., Conclusions: This protocol describes a study investigating the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of the symptom management tool Bone@BC developed for patients with breast cancer with an endocrine aspect., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrails.gov NCT05367830; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05367830., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/49549., (©Trine Lund-Jacobsen, Peter Schwarz, Gabriella Martino, Helle Pappot, Karin Piil. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 15.02.2024.)

Background: Despite the importance of written healthcare information in improving an individual's health status, patients may not be able to sufficiently utilize available resources because of a disparity between the accessibility of online written materials and patients' ability to process that information. For individuals with impairments in written language comprehension, such as persons with aphasia, this disparity may be magnified. It is crucial that written health resources be cognitively accessible, accurate, and understandable for persons with aphasia. Aims: The aims of this study were to: (1) objectively measure the accessibility of current written educational materials for persons with aphasia and (2) examine the relationship between levels of readability, validity, and user-friendliness of materials accessed. Methods & Procedures: Aphasia-related webpages likely to be accessed during an Internet search were retrieved and analysed. These webpages were determined by selecting the first 10 search results generated from entering the terms: "aphasia", "aphasia treatment", and "aphasia help", into Google, Bing, and Yahoo. This method resulted in 30 website resources per search engine. For each webpage, readability was evaluated using the following readability formulae: Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (F-K), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, and FORCAST. Additionally, validity and user-friendliness were evaluated for each webpage using the following measures: Site, Publisher, Audience, Timeliness (SPAT) and Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM), respectively. Outcomes & Results: A significant disparity was found between the desired and current level of readability, validity, and user-friendliness of the written information provided within the top search results related to aphasia. Based on the readability formulae output the average reading grade level of 10th grade was well above the average 5th grade reading level recommended for written materials. A third of the websites were unacceptable using the SPAT's quality standards and overall user-friendliness was deemed poor with an average SAM score of 27.4 out of 52 total points. No relationship was found between the validity or user-friendliness of websites and their readability. Conclusions: These data clearly demonstrate inadequacies in written web-based information about aphasia across several measures and provide insight into how the presentation of this information can be improved to facilitate useful information dissemination. Highlighting these disparities is important for promoting increased consideration and improvement in the usefulness and accessibility of healthcare information for persons with aphasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined ease-of-use, user-friendliness, and cloud computing adoption for Web-based service in academic libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study identified the types of cloud computing adopted for delivering Web-based services; examined the user-friendliness of cloud computing; identified the benefits of cloud computing; examined the ease-of-use of cloud computing and established the relationship between ease-of-use and user-friendliness and adoption of cloud computing for delivering Web-based services; and identify the challenges encountered by academic libraries in their adoption of cloud computing for delivering Web-based services. The study adopted a survey design using a sample of thirty-five (35) librarians drawn through the total enumeration method from three universities in Ilorin, Kwara State. Data were collected through a questionnaire and collected data were analyzed using frequency count and percentages. The hypotheses of the study were tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The findings demonstrate that respondents confirmed the ease-of-use and user-friendliness of cloud computing for delivering Web-based services in academic libraries. The findings also reveal that cloud computing is flexible and not vulnerable to computer breakdowns and loss of data; easy to integrate existing work with the cloud-based services, saves time, and enables the accomplishment of tasks more quickly. The study recommends based on the findings that academic libraries should be provided with a reliable source of powers as backup against epileptic power supply with a strong Internet connection and broad bandwidth to further support the adoption of cloud computing in academic libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The aim of the research was to evaluate the usability of Knihovny.cz portal and to identify potential reserves in the user interface design. It was also necessary to assess their impact on the user experience with the practical use of the portal. Design/methodology/approach - The paper describes methods and results of user testing of the portal using heuristic analysis. This analysis was realized after the first year of the portal launching and was created on the basis of ten heuristic usability rules set by Jacob Nielsen. These heuristics have been already successfully used to test a similar website. Subsequently, they were slightly modified for the specifics of the portal. The testing was carried out by four evaluators (library catalog specialists), who did not have a prior experience with Knihovny.cz portal. Results - The results of the analysis confirmed that the portal complies with the main criteria of a usable site, but also revealed some weaknesses and errors. In conclusion, the paper presents proposals to remove these errors. Originality/value - Researching the usability of Knihovny.cz using heuristic analysis has shown that this method is an appropriate tool for testing the user-friendliness of discovery systems and other similar search engines. For the development team, research results are a valuable resource in finding additional ways for the user to present a wide range of search engine features while maintaining acceptable ease of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is considered as the most suitable way to assess the environmental impact of buildings. Due to its extensiveness and complexity, but also due to a lack of knowledge amongst architects, the LCA methodology is currently most often applied as a post-design evaluation and not used to support or optimize design decisions during early design stages. Therefore, this paper looks at possible solutions to apply LCA, including operational energy demand simulation, in early design from two different perspectives: design-oriented user requirements, derived from literature, a survey, interviews and a focus group with architects, and LCA simplification strategies based on a literature review. Both perspectives are discussed and merged into an evaluation framework that can be used to check the suitability of LCA-based environmental impact assessment (EIA) tools for use by architects during early design stages, but also to develop new design-supportive LCA-based EIA tools. In turn, this can contribute to an increased uptake of these tools in building practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]