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The theoretical part of the diploma thesis evaluates the current state of peatlands in the Czech Republic. Peatland were affected by drainage and the subsequent drying due to the peat extraction. There is the effort to restore these localities to their natural character and to protect them at present. The practical part evaluates species composition of mi-crocrustaceans and rotifers of monitored natural and restored peatlands in the Ore Mountains and Šumava. A total of 39 taxa of rotifers and planktonic crustaceans was found. The impact of restoration on these communities was evaluated based on differ-ences in species composition.

The aim of this thesis is to assemble essential information about phenotypic plasticity of zooplankton, especially planktonic rotifers. More specifically, the thesis is focused on predator­induced morphological changes. I introduced different types of predators and their behavioral, physiological and morphological impacts on zooplankton. Moreover, I examined the effects of inducible morphological defences on the planctic rotifers.

This thesis aims to discuss generally the pools of river with a focus on the Upper Lužnice river maiinly on zooplankton communities, which ooccurs in these locations. Regular sampling of communities in different types of river pools better then identify their species and numerous changes during the year. Thesis deal with samplinng techniques and laboratory processing sampples of the zooplankton to.

As homeostatic organisms, rotifers have to use the mechanism to cope with nutrition unbalance in their food. The regulation of digestive enzyme activities as a possible physiological mechanism involved in maintaining of rotifer homeostasis was studied. This study further explored the effect of food quantity and quality on rotifer population growth rate and reproduction.

Filtration abilities of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus) were studied. The filtration rate of rotifers is quick: the passage of oocysts through the digestive system is few minutes only. During the first 10 minutes 24300 of whole amount one million oocysts passed through the digestive system of 100 rotifers. Moreover, 93% of oocysts were death after passage. All oocysts expelled were unable to infect suckling BALB/c mice. Oocysts were degraded in mastax, stomach and intestine. Rotifers can be use for detection of cryptosporidia oocysts in water and they effectively decrease their numbers.