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This study investigates t-deletion in Frisian relative pronouns in a corpus of Frisian radio broadcasts (1966-2015), collected for training and testing a bilingual Dutch-Frisian speech recognition system. This corpus is not constructed to study language variation and change, and its limitations for that type of study will be discussed. The analyses show that until the 1970s the younger generation lead the rise of clitic /t/ in these relative pronouns, a change that was first observed at the end of the 19th century. From the 1980s onwards they reverse this change and start leading deletion of that clitic /t/. Additionally, t-deletion occurs most in non-scripted, spontaneous speech. It does not seem to play a role whether the speaker is a presenter or an interviewee/guest.

Objective: To explore the experiences and needs of parents of young children (aged 2-4 years) with cerebral palsy (CP) regarding their child's physical and occupational therapy process in a rehabilitation setting. Methods: A qualitative design was used involving semi-structured interviews with 21 parents of young children with CP. Interviews were conducted until informational redundancy was achieved. Results: Three major themes were identified: Information, communication and partnership. A fourth, overarching theme emerged: The process of parent empowerment. Experiences and needs differed between parents and changed over time. Conclusion: This study suggests that various themes play a key role in the experiences and needs of parents of young children with CP. The identified themes provide important insights into how and why service providers might change their approach. Practice implications: Becoming empowered is a dynamic process for parents, in which both parents and service providers play a role. Service providers should continually adapt their role to parents' needs of information, communication and partnership, and they should support and facilitate parents in becoming empowered. For that, service providers should be educated on the process of parent empowerment, on ways to facilitate this process and on the importance of involving and interacting with parents.This allows families of young children with CP to be provided with services that best suit their needs.

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A chlorinated benzene dechlorinating anaerobic microbial consortium was obtained by selective enrichment with hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and lactate from a freshwater sediment sample that originated from an area with proven in situ HCB dechlorination. The consortium was used to determine compound selectivity and relative dechlorination rates by incubation with the individual chlorinated benzenes under methanogenic conditions. The dechlorinating activity was restricted to benzenes with at least three adjacent chlorines, except for a relative slow transformation of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Optimal temperature for dechlorination was around 30 o C, significant dechlorinating activity was still observed at a temperature of 3 o C

Research into spoken language has become more visual over the years. Both fundamental and applied research have progressively included gestures, gaze, and facial expression. Corpora of multi-modal conversational speech are rare and frequently difficult to use due to privacy and copyright restrictions. A freely available annotated corpus is presented, gratis and libre, of high quality video recordings of face-to-face conversational speech. Annotations include orthography, POS tags, and automatically generated phonemes transcriptions and word boundaries. In addition, labeling of both simple conversational function and gaze direction has been a performed. Within the bounds of the law, everything has been done to remove copyright and use restrictions. Annotations have been processed to RDBMS tables that allow SQL queries and direct connections to statistical software. From our experiences we would like to advocate the formulation of "best practises" for both legal handling and database storage of recordings and annotations.

Effects of chronic application of a mixture of the insecticides chlorpyrifos and lindane were studied in indoor freshwater microcosms. The exposure concentrations (based on 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 times the LC50 of the most sensitive standard test organism for each compound) were kept at a constant level for four weeks. The calculated mean concentrations for chlorpyrifos were found to be almost at their corresponding nominal level during the treatment period. The mean calculated lindane concentrations, however, were found to be 15-40% higher than intended. In the post treatment period both insecticides dissipated fast (t 1/2: chlorpyrifos 9 days, lindane 22 days) from the water phase. The concentrations of the mixture at the highest treatment level corresponded to 0.53 toxic units (TU) for Daphnia magna and 0.61 TU for the most sensitive fish. The decomposition of Populus leaves in litter bags was significantly lower at the three highest insecticide concentrations. The macroinvertebrate community was seriously affected at the three highest treatment levels, with Crustacea and the Chironomidae Corynoneura proving to be the most sensitive groups. Gastropoda and Oligochaeta were relatively insensitive and some taxa (e.g. Valvata piscinalis, juvenile Physa fontinalis, Nemertea and Stylaria lacustris) increased in numbers. The observed effects could be explained from the individual toxicity of the insecticides to the invertebrates, and did not indicate synergistic effects. A second paper (Van den Brink et al., 2002) addresses the effects on other endpoints, as well as the overall risk assessment of the insecticide mixture.