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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching products just after treatment and after a 6-month follow-up period. Methods. Two 10% carbamide peroxide products (Opalescence PF and Nite White ACP) were applied nightly for 14 days, according to the manufacturers' instructions. The color of teeth 11 and 21 of thirty-four subjects having A2 or darker teeth were measured with a spectrophotometer (L(∗); a(∗); b(∗)) before treatment, just after treatment (14 days) and after 6 months. Results and Conclusions. Both products produced significant whitening of teeth with total color change (ΔE(ab) (∗)) of approximately 5.20 units. There was a significant improvement in all 3 color coordinates (L*, a*, and b(∗)) for up to 6 months postbleaching (P < .05). Nite White showed a higher degree of relapse (27%) than Opalescence (18%) over the 6-month period. It is suggested that rebleaching after 6 months is not necessary.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of Opalescence PF 10% just after treatment, at 6-month follow-up and at a 14-month follow-up period., Methods: Opalescence PF 10% was applied nightly for 14 days. The color of teeth 11 and 21 of 17 subjects were measured with a spectrophotometer (L*; a*; b*) before treatment, just after treatment (14 days), after 6 months and after 14 months. Subjects were instructed to take note of any tooth sensitivity., Results: For all three components (L*, a* and b*) statistical significant differences (p<0.05) in the values between base-line, after treatment (14 days later), after 6 months and after 14 months were found (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Sum Test). The decrease in L* was about 20% after 6 months and about 50% after 14 months. The a* value decreased approximately 14% after 6 months but was worse after 14 months than at the beginning. The b* value decreased the least with about 9% after 6 months and about 8% after 14 months. The decrease in DeltaE(ab)(*) was approximately 20% after 14 months. Less than 20% of the subjects experienced mild tooth sensitivity just after treatment., Conclusion: Significantly whiter teeth were found after treatment as well as after a 6-month follow-up period. The whiteness/brightness (L*) decreased with approximately 50% after 14 months and the a* value with approximately 50% after 7 months, while the yellowness (b* value) remained even after 14 months., Clinical Implications: The product is an effective tooth whitener resulting in only low tooth sensitivity. Re-bleaching could be done at about 14 months., (Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This field study included the whole population of children aged 10-15 years (77 from a 0.19 mg/L F area; 89 from a 3.00 mg/L F area), with similar nutritional, dietary habits and similar ethnic and socioeconomic status. The fluoride concentration in the drinking water, the bone mineral content, the bone density and the degree of dental fluorosis were determined. The left radius was measured for bone width, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density. The mean fluorosis score was 1.3 in the low fluoride area and 3,6 in the high fluoride area. More than half the children in the low fluoride area had no fluorosis (scores 0 and 1) while only 5% in the high fluoride area had none. Severe fluorosis (30%) was only observed in the high fluoride area. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test indicated that fluorosis levels differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the two areas. No relationships were found between dental fluorosis and bone width or between fluorosis and bone mineral density in the two areas (Spearment Rank correlations). A significant increase in bone width was found with age but no differences amongst and boys and girls. A significant positive correlation was found in the high fluoride area between bone mineral density over age. In the 12-13 and 13-14 year age groups in the high fluoride area, girls had higher bone mineral densities. However, a significant negative correlation (p<0.02) was found for the low fluoride area (0.19 mg/L F) over age.

The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between degree of fluorosis and varying fluoride concentrations in the drinking water in a relatively dry region in South Africa. A strong positive association was found between drinking water fluoride levels and fluorosis but only up to a level of approximately 2.0 ppm for areas with a high average daily temperature (approximately 79 degrees F). The results indicate that the optimum drinking water fluoride concentration for a region with a high average daily temperature should be less than 1.00 ppm.

The composite resin, compomer and glass ionomer restorative materials used in modern dental practice are fire resistant and remain radiopaque. They shrink significantly and are likely to fall out of the cavities after being burnt, but they remain extremely important for identification purposes and it may be possible to identify the white filling materials used to restore teeth by their radiopacity and morphology. The radiographic density of these filling materials do not change significantly when exposed to heat and although they may be difficult to see with the naked eye, they will remain visible when radiographed. Furthermore, special care has to be taken when handling heated materials as their compressive strengths decrease significantly depending on temperature and time of exposure and damage is possible.