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Traces of genetic introgression from wild donors that occurred during the origin trajectory of a crop would be concealed in the existing gene pool of its cultivated varieties. Dissection of signature motifs from wild relatives and diverse genotypes of a crop, not only can elucidate the probable ancestry but also offer a potential tool to authenticate varieties with a particular phenotype. We selected twenty-two distinct genotypes representing diverse commercial tea germplasms of both assamica and sinensis lineage to trace genetic signatures of their wild ancestors. A total of 176 sequences were generated from eight coding and non-coding loci belonging to both plastid and nuclear genome of the commercial tea accessions and compared with corresponding homologous loci from various wild Camellia species. The concatenated multi-locus tree of the selected cultivars and the allied species was constructed to examine phylogenetic relatedness among and within the species. Present study uncovered several signature motifs that carry evidence of multiple hybridization events during the origin trajectory of the cultivated tea plant. Identified genotype-specific indels of chloroplast and nuclear non-coding regions might imitate their varietal origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MS-based untargeted metabolomics was developed for varietal authentication of Chinese wines. • 32 and 61 metabolites in ESI+ and ESI– modes were tentatively identified as varietal markers. • KEGG analysis showed that indoles and flavonoids metabolisms are closely related to varieties. • OPLS-DA models based on varietal markers can achieve a total correct rate of 90.9 % or higher. Wine is a very popular alcoholic drink owing to its health benefits of antioxidant effects. However, profits-driven frauds of wine especially false declarations of variety frequently occurred in markets. In this work, an UHPLC-QTOF-MS-based untargeted metabolomics method was developed for metabolite profiling of 119 bottles of Chinese red wines from four varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Gernischt, and Pinot Noir). The metabolites of red wines from different varieties were assessed using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and analyzed using KEGG metabolic pathway analysis. Results showed that the differential compounds among different varieties of red wines are mainly flavonoids, phenols, indoles and amino acids. The KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that indoles metabolism and flavonoids metabolism are closely related to wine varieties. Based on the differential compounds, OPLS-DA models could identify external validation wine samples with a total correct rate of 90.9 % in positive ionization mode and 100 % in negative ionization mode. This study indicated that the developed untargeted metabolomics method based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS is a potential tool to identify the varieties of Chinese red wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 12 microsatellite markers (SSR) were evaluated for their applicability to protect from frauds and misuse the Italian PGI product "Common bean from Lamon". SSR analysis generated polymorphic alleles, with an average of 4 alleles per locus and all in the range of molecular weight between 181 and 284 bp. Twenty-nine variety-specific fragments were identified, which might be reasonably adopted for characterization and traceability purposes. Cluster analysis well outlined the relationships between the genotypes studied. Overall, our study underlines the use and usefulness of molecular markers to protect both farmers and consumers from frauds.

The Mediterranean diet is now well known worldwide and recognized as a nutrition reference model by the World Health Organization. Virgin olive oil, prepared from healthy and intact fruits of the olive tree only by mechanical means, is a basic ingredient, a real pillar of this diet. Its positive role in health has now been a topic of universal concern. The virtues of natural olive oil, and especially of extra virgin olive oil, are related to the quality of the fruits, the employment of advanced technologies, and the availability of sophisticated analytical techniques that are used to control the origin of the fruits and guarantee the grade of the final product. With the aim of enriching the recent multidisciplinary scientific information that orbits around this healthy lipid source, a new special issue of Foods journal has been published.

In this study, 12 microsatellite markers (SSR) were evaluated for their applicability to protect from frauds and misuse the Italian Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) product "Common bean from Lamon". SSR analysis generated polymorphic alleles, with an average of 4 alleles per locus and all in the range of molecular weight between 181 and 284 bp. Twenty-nine variety-specific fragments were identified, which might be reasonably adopted for characterization and traceability purposes. Cluster analysis well outlined the relationships between the genotypes studied. Overall, our study underlines the use and usefulness of molecular markers to protect both farmers and consumers from frauds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mediterranean diet is now well known worldwide and recognized as a nutrition reference model by the World Health Organization. Virgin olive oil, prepared from healthy and intact fruits of the olive tree only by mechanical means, is a basic ingredient, a real pillar of this diet. Its positive role in health has now been a topic of universal concern. The virtues of natural olive oil, and especially of extra virgin olive oil, are related to the quality of the fruits, the employment of advanced technologies, and the availability of sophisticated analytical techniques that are used to control the origin of the fruits and guarantee the grade of the final product. With the aim of enriching the recent multidisciplinary scientific information that orbits around this healthy lipid source, a new special issue of Foods journal has been published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]