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Jezero je vsako naravno ali umetno vodno telo na zemeljskem površju, s površino več kot 1 ha, z enakomerno višino vodne gladine in majhnim dotokom glede na skupno prostornino vode, ki omogoča usedanje suspendiranih delcev, hkrati pa nima stalne, neposredne povezave z morjem. Osnovni, splošno razširjen problem večine stoječih voda v Sloveniji je čezmeren vnos hranilnih snovi, zlasti fosforja in dušika. Postopno staranje, kar imenujemo evtrofikacija jezer, je naravni proces, ki doleti vsako jezero. S pravilnim in sonaravnim upravljanjem v pojezerju lahko ta proces zelo upočasnimo, v nasprotnem primeru pa pospešimo. Onesnaževanje vpliva na kakovost vode v jezerih. Lahko je industrijskega, kmetijskega ali komunalnega izvora. Snovi, ki najpogosteje ogrožajo okolje, pa so pesticidi, herbicidi, kanalizacija in smeti. Diplomska naloga predstavlja onesnaženost jezer v Sloveniji, s poudarkom na Bohinjskem in Blejskem jezeru, kateri sta naši edini večji naravni stalni jezeri. Namen je prikazati s čim oziroma na kakšne načine onesnažujemo slovenska jezera in predstaviti rešitve ter ukrepe, da se onesnaževanje odpravi oziroma zmanjša. Naredili smo tudi primerjavo med Bohinjskim in Blejskim jezerom. Podatke smo pridobili na Agenciji Republike Slovenije za okolje, katera tudi opravlja monitoring kakovosti slovenskih jezer. Ugotovili smo, da je Bohinjsko jezero manj onesnaženo kot Blejsko zaradi različnih hidroloških in morfoloških dejavnikov. Predstavili smo tudi rešitve za zmanjšanje onesnaženosti obeh jezer, s čimer bi omejili vpliv človeka na jezeri in njun ekosistem. A lake is any natural or artificial body of water on the surface of the earth, with an area above 1ha, with a uniform water level and a small intake according to its total volume of water, which allows the suspended particles to settle and does not have a permanent, direct connection with the sea. The basic widespread problem of most still waters in Slovenia is the excessive nutrient intake, Phosphorus and Nitrogen in particular. Gradual ageing of a lake, known as lake eutrophication, is a natural process occurring in all lakes. This process might be slowed down by appropriate and ecological treatment, otherwise it could accelerate. Pollution, therefore, affects the water quality in lakes. Pollution source could be industrial, agricultural or sewage. Some of the most common examples include pesticides, herbicides, sewage drainage and rubbish. The thesis deals with lake pollution in Slovenia, with an emphasis on lakes Bled and Bohinj, which are our largest natural and permanent lakes. Its purpose is to identify how are Slovenian lakes exposed to pollution, and to suggest solutions so that polluting stops or at least decreases. The thesis also directly compares lakes Bled and Bohinj. The data was obtained from the Slovenian Environment Agency which also regularly monitors the lakes’ water quality. The findings suggest that lake Bohinj is less polluted due to various hydrologic and morphologic factors. The thesis also suggests some solutions which may decrease pollution in both lakes and thus minimize human influence on the lakes and their ecosystem.

Diplomsko delo obsega pregled in analizo dela nevladnih organizacij na področju voda v Sloveniji. Podrobneje smo preučili boj proti privatizaciji vode v Sloveniji in varstvo voda na splošno. Osrednji problem vode je onesnaževanje, za katerega opažamo, da so glavni krivci industrija, kmetje in posamezniki. Povzročena škoda vpliva na ljudi in druga živa bitja. Onesnaževanje bi morali po našem mnenju preprečiti z večjim oziroma pogostejšim nadzorom in s strožjimi kaznimi. Prav tako bi bilo potrebno uvesti pozitivne spodbude (npr. nagrade in olajšave) za ljudi, ki ne onesnažujejo okolja. Privatizacija vode in vodnih virov bi lahko s samo uveljavitvijo povzročila veliko težav, saj bi s tem ljudje izgubili pravico do vode in njene neomejene porabe. Opazili smo, da se voda pogosto draži, njena kakovost pa se slabša. Menimo, da je privatizacijo vodnih virov potrebno preprečiti z zakonsko ureditvijo oz. vpisom pravice v ustavo, kot se trenutno dejansko dogaja v Sloveniji. Kar zadeva delo nevladnih organizacij, smo ugotovili, da zelo veliko pripomorejo k ozaveščanju ljudi in se bojujejo proti stvarem, ki se jim zdijo nepravične, kot je na primer privatizacija vode. Prav tako nevladne organizacije v večini primerov uspešno in pozitivno vplivajo na zakonodajo. Ugotavljamo, da veliko ljudi ne pozna nevladnih organizacij, ker le-te nimajo sredstev za svojo promocijo. Organizacije bi se morale povezati med seboj in se skupno udeleževati raznih prireditev, akcij in podobno. Lahko bi se v večji meri pojavljale na televiziji, spletu, v pisnih in elektronskih medijih ter na ta način pridobile nove prostovoljce, ki bi ljudi ozaveščali o problemih. The present thesis covers overview and work analysis of non-governmental organizations that cover waters in Slovenia. We took a detailed look into the fight against privatization and water protection in general. It seems that the most responsible for pollution are industry, farmers, and individuals. Induced damage affects people and animals. Polluting should be punished on a bigger scale with much stricter punishment than it is now. Supervision should also be more common than it is. We think that positive reinforcement of rules is the way to reward people that pay attention to the environment surrounding them and take care of it. Water privatization would only cause issues, as people would be limited to the amount of water they can use. We noticed, that water privatization only makes water cost more, but the quality drops. Considering all this, we think privatization should be prevented by the Constitution. Non-governmental organizations are doing a great job increasing the awareness on the issue. They also have a positive impact on legislation. However, these non-governmental organizations sadly do not have enough funds for self-promotion, so not many people actually know about them. We think non-governmental organizations should merge, or link in any way, to take part in events. That way they could attract more people and volunteers. That would largely increase the awareness on the issue.

Geography in Slovenia is not sufficiently involved in the management of river basins, since it has not won its place in the interdisciplinary education of water managers and has also not been sufficiently present in practice. We designed a model of geographical approach to integrated management of water resources which is presented on the example of the Sotla river basin. We considered the river basin with its inner diversity and heterogeneity as a basic spatial unit of management. To realize our commitments to the environment we need their spatial placement that can be offered by geography. This approach would be a supplement to present sustainable strategies of water management and it could be applied into practice by appropriate study programmes in geography. Geografija v Sloveniji ni zadostno vključena v upravljanje porečij, saj si ni izborila mesta v interdisciplinarnem izobraževanju upravljavcev voda, pa tudi v praksi ni dovolj prisotna. Oblikovali smo geografski pristop celostnega upravljanja vodnih virov in ga predstavili na primeru porečja Sotle. Za uresničevanje obveznosti do okolja je potrebna njihova prostorska umeščenost, ki jo lahko ponudi geografija. Pristop bi lahko bil dopolnilo sedanjim trajnostnim strategijam upravljanja voda, v prakso pa ga je mogoče aplicirati z ustreznimi študijskimi programi geografije.

"This publication fills a void of practical guidelines for the construction of small earth dams. It presents readers with sound, reliable and practical source material to improve dam siting and design capacity in rural areas, to introduce a beneficiary and gender sensitive approach and to enhance safety and competence in construction. A section also provides convenient guidance on costing, drafting tenders and awarding contracts. The manual is primarily aimed at technicians and others with knowledge of engineering and basic irrigation systems and processes to apply the concepts, techniques and methods proposed, using simple and straightforward design and construction procedures."--Publisher's description.

Namen magistrske naloge je bil ugotoviti odvisnost vsebnosti nekaterih onesnažil v vodi potoka Peklenščica od vrste dejavnosti v zaledju in od vremenskih razmer. Pri tem smo osnovne fizikalno-kemijske analize dopolnili s testom strupenosti z malo vodno lečo (Lemna minor). Vodni vzorci so bili odvzeti na petih lokacijah od izvira potoka Peklenščica do izliva v potok Trnavo, in sicer ob štirih vzorčenjih med novembrom 2013 in avgustom 2014. V laboratoriju smo opravljali analize teh vzorcev, in sicer meritve koncentracij nitratov, nitritov, celotnega fosforja in meritve pH-vrednosti. Najvišje koncentracije hranil smo izmerili ob spomladanskem vzorčenju, ki je bilo izvedeno v času po obilnih padavinah in gnojenju na Ponikovski planoti, najnižje pa pri zimskem vzorčenju, ko gnojenja in padavin na planoti ni bilo. Odziv male vodne leče na onesnažila v vodnih vzorcih smo ocenjevali s spremljanjem njene rasti v skladu s standardom ISO 20079:2005. Klasično štetje stebelnih členkov smo nadgradili z uporabo metode računalniškega vida, pri kateri smo odčitavali površine stebelnih členkov pred in po sedemdnevni izpostavitvi vodnim vzorcem potoka Peklenščica. S tem smo odpravili napake, ki se lahko pojavijo pri štetju stebelnih členkov s prostim očesom. Spremembo v površini stebelnih členkov smo predstavili kot relativno stopnjo rasti (RGR) male vodne leče. Ugotovili smo zmanjšanje rasti po izpostavitvi vsem vodnim vzorcem potoka Peklenščica v primerjavi s kontrolo. Zmanjšanje rasti male vodne leče je eden od pokazateljev strupenosti vodnih vzorcev. Največje zmanjšanje rasti je bilo izračunano v vzorcih, odvzetih pri spomladanskem vzorčenju, najmanjše pa pri vzorcih, odvzetih v zimskem času. Izmed vseh merjenih parametrov (nitrati, nitriti, celotni fosfor in pH-vrednost) smo najvišjo stopnjo povezljivosti relativne stopnje rasti male vodne leče izračunali v povezavi s pH-vrednostmi vodnih vzorcev. Izsledki raziskave so pokazali, da je pH-vrednost odločilen limitirajoč faktor za rast male vodne leče. Pri nadaljnjih analizah bi bilo potrebno vzdrževati enake pH-vrednosti vodnih vzorcev, da bi lahko ugotovili vpliv drugih parametrov v vodi na rast male vodne leče. The purpose of this Master's Thesis was to determine the water quality of the Peklenščica stream with respect to the type of activities in the hinterland and different weather conditions. In doing so, we have expanded the basic physico-chemical analysis with a toxicity test using common duckweed (Lemna minor). Water samples were collected at five locations - from the source of the stream Peklenščica to the mouth of the creek Trnava within four samplings in total between November 2013 and August 2014. We performed the analysis of nitrate, nitrite and total phosphorus contents, and measured the pH-value in the laboratory. The highest concentrations of nutrients were detected in the spring sampling, which took place after heavy rains and the fertilization on the Ponikva plateau. The lowest values were detected in the winter sampling time with absence of both fertilization and rainfall on the plateau. The response of common duckweed to pollutants in water samples was evaluated by monitoring its growth in line with the standard ISO 20079: 2005. The established method of the counting of fronds was upgraded by computer vision, which calculated the surface of the fronds before and after the seven-day exposure to water samples of the Peklenščica stream. This eliminated errors that could occur by counting the fronds with the naked eye. Changes in the surface of the fronds were presented as relative growth rate (RGR). We found that there was a reduction of growth after the exposure to all water samples from the watercourse of the Peklenščica stream in comparison with the control. A reduction in the growth of the common duckweed is one of the indicators of the toxicity of water samples. The largest reduction of growth was calculated with the samples taken in the spring sampling, and the smallest with the samples collected in the winter. The highest level of coherency of the relative growth rate among all measured parameters (nitrates, nitrites, total phosphorus and pH-value) was calculated in conjunction with the pH- values of the water samples. The results of this study demonstrated that the pH-value is a limiting factor for the growth of the common duckweed. For further analysis the maintenance of pH-values in water samples would be necessary in order to determine the influence of other parameters in present in the water on the growth of the small common duckweed.