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Copyright of Pedagogy Studies / Pedagogika is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is devoted to the system of evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of state bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of personnel management. This assessment makes it possible to identify positive and negative trends in the activities of state bodies, identify systemic problems and develop practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of the activities of state bodies in the direction of personnel management. In Kazakhstan, the main approaches to the effective activities of state bodies are defined at the legislative level. Moreover, a methodology has been developed which states that the evaluation of these results is achieved via an objective assessment of the impact of the activities of central state bodies and local executive bodies on the development of the economy and society, alongside an analysis of the achievement of indicators of the results of the activities of the state body. Based on the study of international experience and a comparative analysis of criteria and indicators for evaluating efficiency in Kazakhstan and foreign countries, this study substantiates conclusions and recommendations for improving the system for evaluating the effectiveness of government agencies in terms of the direction of personnel management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rehabilitation Sciences: Nursing, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy / Reabilitacijos Mokslai: Slauga, Kineziterapija, Ergoterapija is the property of Lithuanian Sports University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Air transport is a sector that connects the world in the most unique and safest way, creating huge value for the global economy. Airlines are a key component of this sector. Air disasters, terrorist attacks or a pandemic can bring airlines to the brink of bankruptcy. These emergencies create the need for an airline to have an emergency plan in place to ensure business continuity. Drawing on specific literature, the factors influencing the assessment of airline business continuity decisions are examined in the context of COVID-19. The study seeks to find out what the airlines' intentions were when making strategic decisions. The study analyses the decisions taken by the airlines in order to achieve business continuity, using a systematic approach, combined with a case study approach, and systematises the factors influencing the evaluation of the decisions. The use of a multi-criteria evaluation approach allowed the solutions to be ranked according to their evaluation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Leisure Time Research / Laisvalaikio Tyrimai is the property of Lithuanian Sports University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article was prepared for the conference „How to Tell About Art? Art History, Criticism, Texts and Narratives in Lithuania" which was organized by the Institute of Art Research. The conference description stated: "The aim of art history and criticism is to open the work of art to the imagination of the perceiver." What texts on art best reveal their artistic dimensions? All texts leave traces and affects perception, depending on the influence and symbolic value of the interpreter and the emancipation of the viewer or perceiver. How many and which perceptual references, what plug-ins/crutches does the viewer really need from an art critic? For Jacques Rancière, the emancipation of the viewer begins with the principle of equality. However, the art institution often insists on the 'correct' way to view the work, as well as what to buy, collect and watch, thus enforcing a linear understanding of cultural development. American antropologist Clifford Geertz argues that culture cannot be described by imposing ideas and advocates for the percetion-based, rather than evaluation-based understanding of culture.31 According to the modern paradigm of cultural relativism, it is important to learn the language of those we research, so that we could look over their shoulder, without succumbing to the Darwinian scientific racism. The latter violates the artist's autonomous representation of free thought, as well as the viewer's freedom to choose and interpret works of art according to their own experience. The artist's own 'study' of the authentic origins of an artwork can be considered as a unveiling of the unexposed part of the artwork in textual form. Artists own narrative frees them from the necessity to evaluate and provides material for studies of the peculiar systems of artistic thinking and creative genesis. Speaking about - or rather, with - art and artistic approach presuppose a respectful relationship with the art viewer and perceiver: instead of explaining what the particular experience should/could feel like, it provides more material for perception and further artistic interpretation. Could this help us "open the work of art to the imagination of the perceiver"? It is possible that, when written by a non-canonical artist, such a text with its ambiguous ties to the artwork would not only hamper the viewer's imagination, but also deconstruct any pre-existing fragmentary perception. The art history inventory finds complicated systems inconvenient. Therefore, by asking "Who Wants to Know where Artists live?", I not only emphasise the Who, which refers to the interested party, but also ask weather (who needs it) or why it could be interesting to know all that, and what to do with it. The article presents excerpts from a piece of author's artistic writing which was read as a conference paper. The reader is therefore invited to sample the experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pedagogy Studies / Pedagogika is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Straipsnyje pateikiama teorinė fonologinių gebėjimų apibrėžties ir struktūros analizė: atskleidžiama fonologinių gebėjimų samprata, jų grupės, sąsajos su skaitymo sutrikimu (disleksija). Taip pat šiame straipsnyje susitelkiama ties išsamiu fonologinių gebėjimų įvertinimo ypatumų tarptautiniu ir nacionaliniu mastu aptarimu. Teoriniam fonologinių gebėjimų konceptui atskleisti atlikta Lietuvos bei užsienio autorių mokslinių publikacijų analizė. Atlikta koncepto analizė leidžia teigti, kad fonologiniai gebėjimai apima fonologinį suvokimą, trumpalaikę atmintį bei greitą vardijimą. Tai bene dažniausiai užsienio šalyse tyrinėjami fonologiniai procesai, susiję su skaitymu ir(ar) rašymu. Gausūs skirtingomis užsienio kalbomis atlikti tyrimai leido parodyti akivaizdžias fonologinių gebėjimų ir skaitymo sutrikimo (disleksijos) sąsajas. Nustatyta, jog asmenims, turintiems disleksiją, būdingi nepakankami šios srities gebėjimai. Tačiau apžvelgtų ilgalaikių tyrimų rezultatai rodo, jog skaitymo pasiekimus ikimokykliniame ar priešmokykliniame amžiuje geriausiai prognozuoja du rodikliai: fonologinis suvokimas ir greitas vardijimas. Panašaus pobūdžio mokslo darbai, kuriuose analizuojamos fonologinių gebėjimų ir skaitymo lietuvių kalba koreliacijos, kol kas gana reti. Todėl prieš pateikiant tvirtą, moksliniais įrodymais grįstą išvadą šiuo klausimu būtina sukaupti daugiau empirinių duomenų. Taip pat akivaizdus nacionalinių tyrimų apie vaikų, turinčių kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimų, fonologinius gebėjimus, poreikis.

Many countries in the world pay special attention to the development of energy from renewable energy sources. However, the efforts made are still insufficient to ensure the desired pace of development. Moreover, independence from fossil fuels is more important than ever in the context of the war in Ukraine. Solar-photovoltaic energy production solutions are particularly attractive for achieving the desired scale of development due to their relatively simple deployment. However, to involve a larger number of prosumers – individuals and communities, it is necessary to further reduce the barriers to such an activity. Although researchers pay considerable attention to the development of energy from renewable energy sources, the topic of solar energy is not so well explored. In addition, it is noted that research on barriers that prevent development should be linked to the situation in a particular country. Therefore, the goal of the research presented in this work is to assess the importance of solar-photovoltaic energy development barriers specific to Lithuania. The literature review was carried out to consider specific barriers to solar energy development and to analyse barriers typical for the development of other sorts of renewable energy. This review allowed us to distinguish barriers relevant to more rapid solar-photovoltaic energy development in Lithuania, dividing them into five groups: (1) economic and financial, (2) policy and regulation, (3) institutional and administrative, (4) information, awareness, and social, and (5) technological barriers. An assessment of the barriers was based on the expert interview method. The individual evaluations of barriers and their rating determined their importance toward more rapid solar-photovoltaic power development in Lithuania. The results obtained during the research made it possible to single out the following main barriers specific to Lithuania: grid capacity and integration into electricity distribution grids; spatial planning and/or zoning rules; permitting, licensing, and approval procedures; changing and/or unclear policies; grid usage fees and their regulation; low electricity price and/or cost of other sources of electricity. In addition, insights into to the ways of their neutralisation or at least reduction were provided pointing out that it should be considered at both the state and municipal levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Evaluation cultures and evaluation capacity building vary greatly across the European Union. Western European countries, such as Austria, Germany, Denmark and Sweden, have been termed as leading countries in the evaluation as they have built up well-established evaluation cultures and carry out systematic evaluations of programmes and institutions. In contrast, in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, efforts continue to establish evaluation practices and further develop the current evaluation culture. In Hungary, for example, an established research and innovation evaluation practice does not exist, not one specifically considering gender equality in research and innovation evaluations with the exception of research and innovation programmes financed by the EU Structural Funds. Based on the results of a Horizon 2020 project, we apply a context-sensitive evaluation concept in Hungary that enables program owners and evaluators to develop a tailor-made design and impact model for their planned or ongoing gender equality interventions. The development of this evaluation was based on a thorough analysis of the literature and 19 case studies, building on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. The article shows that this evaluation approach is applicable also in countries with a certain catch-up demand of the existing overall evaluation culture. The special feature of the presented evaluation approach is, on the one hand, that the evaluation is context-sensitive. On the other hand, this approach makes it possible not only to depict effects on gender equality itself, but also to anticipate effects on research and innovation. Such effects can, for example, be a stronger orientation of research towards societal needs, which makes it particularly interesting for private companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vilnius University Proceedings is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

General psychosocial measures are assumed to be stable over time. However, such measures may be affected by the situation preceding their assessment. In this study, 28 participants completed the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, the Subjective Happiness Scale, and the Life Orientation Test, which are general measures, and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and the Feeling Scale, which are state measures. Subsequently, the first part of ‘Mega Disasters Nagasaki The Forgotten Bomb’ documentary was presented to the participants. Following the intervention, they completed the same measures again. State measures of negative affect increased, feeling state decreased as expected, but retrospectively measured well-being and the index of optimism also decreased. There were large individual differences. The findings indicate that general measures, assumed to be stable over time, could be influenced by a historical video depicting a disaster. Therefore, there might be a need for reporting and controlling the events preceding their measurement. These results imply that some empirical results, obtained with general or trait measures, may be affected by an event preceding their assessment if that event had an emotional impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuolatinis transporto priemonių skaičiaus didėjimas yra pripažinta problema, kuri trukdo darniam miesto vys-tymuisi. Didėjantis transporto priemonių skaičius turi tiesioginę įtaką oro kokybei, gyventojų mobilumui. Tad straips-nyje pateikiama labai aktuali informacija apie transporto priemonių pokyčio mastus. Remiantis jais galima priimti infrastruktūrinius sprendimus, kurie mažins taršą, gerins judumą bei turės įtakos pozityviam gyventojų įpročių forma-vimuisi. Kad miestas darniai vystytųsi, turimos užtikrinti priemonės taršos kontrolei, gatvių pralaidumui. Tai galima pasiekti planuojant ir prognozuojant transporto priemonių skaičių. Tai ypač svarbu Vilniaus miestui ir kitiems Lietuvos regionams, kur eismo intensyvumas didėja. Svarbu atsižvelgti ir suplanuoti sklandų judėjimą miestuose, išvengiant automobilių srautų spūsčių, kas lemia neigiamą ekonominį efektą.

Copyright of Vilnius University Proceedings is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary. For quite a long period of time, transformational leadership was related only to positive antecedents and outcomes (van Knippenberg & Sitkin, 2013). However, nowadays researchers are more invited to study the “dark side” of transformational leadership (Eisenbeiß & Boerner, 2013; Vreja, Balan, & Bosca, 2016). The model of dark triad traits (Paulhus & Williams, 2002) could be an interesting topic in this contemporary discussion. Therefore, a quasi experiment was conducted with the aim to analyze the impact of a hypothetical leader’s dark triad traits in assessing transformational leadership. A total of 157 respondents (31 male and 126 females) participated in the quasi experiment. The average age of respondents was 24.87 (SD = 5.4) years, with the average of 4.5 (SD = 5.03) years of working experience. Most of the respondents (62.4%) had higher education. Respondents were asked to fill in the questionnaire about their dark triad traits (SD3, Jones & Paulhus, 2014), to read one of four scenarios (2 x 2 experiment design: male or female leader; a high or low expression of a leader’s dark triad traits) and to evaluate the transformational leadership of a hypothetical leader in the scenario (GTL scale, Carless, Wearing, & Mann, 2000). The analysis revealed that the index of transformational leadership was higher when hypothetical leaders with a low expression of dark triad traits were assessed in comparison with hypothetical leaders who possessed a high expression of dark triad traits. So, the main hypothesis was confirmed. However, an additional analysis of the factors that could be also important in predicting the assessment of transformational leadership did not support the significant role of the assessor’s or the assessee’s gender or the assessing individual’s dark triad traits. Nevertheless, contextual factors in the assessment of transformational leadership deserve further attention from researchers and practitioners. In general, the impact of a hypothetical leader’s dark triad traits in the assessment of transformational leadership is significant: the higher expression of dark triad traits, the less transformational leadership. With reference to scientific literature (Hoch, Bommer, Dulebohn, & Wu, 2018; Brymer & Gray, 2006; Jung, Chow, & Wu, 2003), transformational leadership is set as a criteria of effective leadership. Therefore, if practitioners wish to have an effective leader whom subordinates are ready to follow in their organizations, they should pay attention to how these subordinates evaluate their leaders’ dark triad traits. However, these results need confirmation in a field survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Activity Report of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania for 2017 declares that Lithuania's foreign policy is effective and claims that public opinion is the most important criteria for measuring its effectiveness. The article analyses Lithuania's foreign public policy cycle, with the focus on its formation and evaluation peculiarities. It argues that the cycle of Lithuanian foreign public policy is stagnating since its evaluation stage lacks efficiency and misses critical evaluations. The lack of strategic documents does not allow defining core foreign policy goals and in this matter to evaluate their achievement. The ambiguous goals in lower level documents prevent critical evaluation because of political interests. Lithuanian foreign policy is the outcome of close cooperation between President's Office and Ministry of Foreign Affairs which limits criticism between institutions. The Seimas provides greater criticism only when initiative is showed by the opposition. Foreign policy remains the sphere of responsibility of the political elite which has broad consensus and has differences in their views on a tactical level. Media and experts, for the most part, avoid critical evaluations of foreign policy as they want to remain in the dominating discourse and keep close contacts with state institutions. The current evaluation environment and tools are not sufficient to make changes at the agenda-setting stage of foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage buildings are an important origin of a country's cultural memory, originality, and attractiveness, which motivated cultural growth, economic development, and social employment. However, cultural heritage buildings threaten to decay regarding the contributing poor funding for cultural heritage buildings preservation and maintenance, increasing urbanization changes. The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings is one of the reasons, helping to preserve heritage buildings. This paper submits qualitative and quantitative criteria and subcriteria for the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings. The set of criteria consists of economic, social, environmental, cultural heritage and legal criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Darbai ir Dienos is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper is devoted to the study of the problem of effective quality evaluation of the implementation of municipal target programs in the regions of the Russian Federation. The evaluation of target programs is a methodologically complex process that requires not only specific knowledge, but also well-formed tools (approaches for effectiveness assessment). The authors revealed that there is no all-purpose approach to assess the effectiveness of municipal target programs in municipalities of the Russian Federation. However, municipalities develop different criteria and scales to evaluate the effectiveness of different programs. It is determined that the assessment is mainly based on two indicators, namely, the social outcome and budget efficiency resulting from the assessment of achievement of the planned targets of indicators. The authors emphasize the importance to interconnect the indicators of target programs' implementation and strategic industrybased plans. The method of integral assessment of program effectiveness is developed to make it possible to evaluate the implementation of programs at each stage to compare the results with the planned ones and to record critical moments that affect the effectiveness of program implementation to use tools to eliminate or minimize the impact of the risk events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation of the modern system of public administration in independent Kazakhstan since the early 1990s has been accompanied by the development and implementation of new institutions. One such institution is an institution of annual evaluation of state bodies performance as a mechanism to increase manageability and effectiveness of their activities. The article is produced on the basis of results of a section within the research work under the topic: «Institutionalization of the assessment system for government agencies' performance in the Republic of Kazakhstan: current status and development prospects» implemented within the framework of the grant project under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article is devoted to the formation of the assessing system for government agencies' performance, the specifics of its implementation in Kazakhstan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to analyse the criteria and procedures of assessment of pupils' musical compositions. The review of the criterion-referenced evaluation of creative works is presented, the methodology of evaluation of the musical creative product and conditions for its application are discussed. The question is whether the criteria of assessment of a musical composition are applied in reality, i.e. during contests while evaluating pupils' compositions. In order to answer this question the aim of the research was to reveal the experience of jury members in assessment of pupils' musical compositions. To achieve the aim pursued, in-depth interviews with 5 composers who evaluated pupils' musical compositions in national and international contests were carried out. The research results presented focus on the criteria of evaluation of musical compositions, on the factors influencing assessment as well as evaluation process itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Memento value in heritage is one of the most essential characteristics facilitating the association between the environment and its users, by connecting structures with space and time, moreover, it helps people to identify their surroundings. However, the emergence of the Modern Movement in the architectural sphere disrupted the reflection of memory and symbols which serve to root the society in its language. Furthermore, it generated an approach that stood against the practice of referring to the past and tradition, which led to the built environment becoming homogeneous and deprived of memento value. This paper focuses on the impact of memento value on the perception and evaluation of cultural heritage. Furthermore, it investigates the notions which are perceived to influence the appraisal of cultural heritage by applying them to the Kaunas dialect of the Modern Movement with an empirical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the concept of corporate social responsibility, its assessment methods, indicators and guidelines on standards. This work also presents the analysis of Lithuanian construction sector, examines the largest companies in this area, their possibility to develop the corporate social responsibility initiative, as well as the main difficulties in implementing the principles of social responsibility. The results show that in Lithuanian construction sector the high-income companies and companies that compete in the market over 15 years do not fully use the possibility of the development of global corporate social responsibility initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pedagogy Studies / Pedagogika is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Šiame straipsnyje analizuojama įvairus požiūris į mokymosi rezultatų vertinimą. Pateikiamos skirtingos užsienio šalių ir Lietuvos autorių nuomonės, jų išvados ir rekomendacijos šiuo klausimu. Detaliai aprašomas empirinis tyrimas, kur greta pateikiami mokinių ir mokytojų samprotavimai apie mokymosi rezultatų vertinimą bei ugdymo proceso organizavimą.

Straipsnio autoriai pateikia matematinį aparatą pedagoginių objektų rangų nustatymui, jei žinomi atskirų ekspertų pasisakymai apie vietų pasiskirstymą pogrupiuose. Buvo nustatinėjamas mokyklos klasių ir instituto akademinių grupių pasiskirstymas pagal pažangumą. Ši metodika rekomenduojama mokytojams vertinant klasių, mokyklų, akademinių grupių darbą tada, kai gaunami ekspertų atsiliepimai.

Straipsnyje pagrindžiamas studijų kokybės vertinimo poreikis, taip pat išskiriami ir pagrindžiami studijų programų kokybės vertinimo koncepciją veikiantys veiksniai. Tai būtų: studijų programos rengimo ir vertinimo modelis; studijų turinio (curriculum) teorija; nacionalinė politika; filosofinis aspektas. Straipsnyje pabrėžiama, kad studijų programų kokybės vertinimas yra nuolatinis procesas, sudėtingas tyrimas. Reziumuojama, kad studijų programos modelio pasirinkimas – tolesnė mokslinė diskusija. Teigiama, kad humanistinės idėjos skverbiasi į ugdymo turinį ir atitinkamai – į studijų kokybės vertinimo politiką.

Vykstant aukštojo mokslo reformai ES, kyla būtinybė diegti naujus mokymo(-si) ir vertinimo metodus, sukuriančius mokymo(-si) visą gyvenimą sąlygas aukštojo mokslo studijose. Straipsnyje pateikiama remiantis ES politikos dokumentais ir moksline literatūra atlikta aplanko – plačiai pasaulio šalių universitetinėse studijose taikomo netradicinio mokymo(-si) ir vertinimo metodo – analizė: atskleista šio metodo paskirtis, tipai ir funkcijos, išanalizuota jo sudarymo struktūra ir vertinimo kriterijai bei pateiktos jo taikymo galimybių Lietuvos universitetinėse studijose rekomendacijos.

Pastaruoju metu įsivyravo mokslininkų nuomonė, kad apie žmogaus kūrybingumą reikia spręsti iš jo elgesio gyvenime. Tačiau praktiškai kūrybingumo rodikliu dažnai tebelaikomi divergentinio mąstymo testų rezultatai. Jie, taip pat ir kūrybingiems žmonėms atpažinti taikomi asmenybės bruožų, interesų ir pan. klausimynai yra psichometrinės metodikos, pripažįstamos kaip objektyvios. Turint galvoje dabartinę kūrybingumo sampratą, tenka daryti išvadą, kad jos leidžia įvertinti tik su kūrybingumu susijusias, bet jam netapačias vidines ypatybes. Žmonės, kuriems būdingos šios ypatybės, gyvenime ne visada pasižymi kūrybingumu. Interpretuojant tokių tyrimų rezultatus, kūrybingumo sąvoka dažnai vartojama nepagrįstai. Siekiant įvertinti žmogaus kūrybingumą, kur kas labiau tiktų taikyti metodikas, atskleidžiančias realius jo kūrybinius laimėjimus. Visoms tokioms metodikoms būdingas subjektyvumas, tačiau su tuo reikia susitaikyti, nes objektyvių kūrybos kriterijų iš esmės neįmanoma rasti.

Vilniaus universiteto Knygotyros ir dokumentotyros institutas Universiteto g. 3, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lietuva El. paštas: inga.liepaite@kf.vu.lt Straipsnyje pateikiami Lietuvos šiuolaikinės knygotyros būklės vertinimo rezultatai, gauti anketinės apklausos būdu iš 29 Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių respondentų. Knygotyros būklę apibūdina sisteminga ir nenutrūkstama jos raida, mokslo tiriamojo darbo tradicijų susiformavimas ir jų perėmimas iš kartos į kartą, savarankiško knygotyros mokslo ir studijų padalinio vykdomos veiklos kryptingumas, tęstinio mokslo darbų leidinio „Knygotyra“ tarptautinis pripažinimas ir reikšmė, kasmet rengiamų tarptautinių knygotyros konferencijų aukštas mokslinis ir organizacinis lygis, monografijų ir kolektyvinių veikalų branda, Baltijos ir kitų kaimyninių valstybių knygotyros pažangos skatinimas, veikiančios knygotyros magistrantūros ir doktorantūros studijos. Tolesnes Lietuvos knygotyros raidos užduotis bei kryptis lems dalinis jos atsilikimas dėl sovietmečio suvaržymų tirti kai kurių laikotarpių ir sričių knygos istoriją, knygotyros teorijos ir metodologijos savarankiškų darbų poreikis, kintantis knygos vaidmuo informacinėje visuomenėje, spartėjanti knygos rinkos internacionalizacija bei didėjanti bendradarbiavimo su Baltijos regiono ir kitų kaimyninių šalių knygotyros mokyklomis svarba.

Mokytoja metodininkė, Juliaus Janonio gimnazijos direktoriaus pavaduotoja ugdymui Tilžės g. 137, LT-76348 Šiauliai Tel. (8 41) 52 33 75 El. paštas: daiva@centras.lt lt Docentė socialinių mokslų (edukologijos) daktarė Šiaulių universiteto Edukologijos katedra P. Višinskio g. 25, LT-76351 Šiauliai Tel. (8 41) 59 57 18 El. paštas: pedagogika@cr.su. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas mokytojų ir mokinių požiūris į ugdymo bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje kokybę, pagrindžiant jos aktualumą Europos Sąjungos ir Lietuvos švietimo raidos kontekste. Analizuojami empirinio tyrimo rezultatai, išryškinant mokytojų ir mokinių požiūrių į atskirus ugdymo proceso komponentus ir jo organizavimo aspektus bei juos sąlygojančius veiksnius panašumus ir skirtumus.

The article deals with the content of taxation justice, it's value and compatibility with other principles of taxation, analyses the features of the Lithuanian tax system formation. The article examines the conception of social responsibility and it's possibilities for assessment too. The research findings show that the principle of taxation justice is implemented only partially in Lithuania. The assessment of social responsibility through quantitative and qualitative indexes shows that some of its principles in Lithuania are being implemented more successful. However, it should be noted that significant amounts of funds for these initiatives and projects are received from the EU. It is very important to continue all the projects when funding from the EU runs out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the effectiveness of support of the European Union Structural Funds (EU SF) in the programming period 2007-2013 as the financial instrument of public policy for the improvement of quality in higher education (HE) in Lithuania. Results of the expert evaluation revealed that EU SF investment was beneficial in respect of human capital, generation of ideas, fostering of created "products", and the quality culture of Lithuanian higher education institutions (HEIs); therefore, positive impact of use of EU SF support on HE quality can be expected. However, weaknesses related to efficiency, eligibility and sustainability of investment use have been also identified. Addressing these gaps highlights problems related to the main aim of the use of EU SF support in HEIs in Lithuania: the goal of effective quality improvement in higher education is accompanied by the goal to spend money. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals the qualitative study results which reflect a restructuring of the third phase of the evaluation of health care access, quality changes. Analyzed inpatient services, health care financing and health care institutions network optimization changes. In this paper, evidence is considered best practice for ensuring the success of the changes. To analyze the obtained results of the reform, use of 10 semi-structured interviews with a third restructuring program organizers, implementers and practitioners. The analysis of the research results showed that the main advantage of the third stage of restructuring is the expansion of ambulatory services. These interview participants who work in regional hospitals identified the most negative consequences of the restructuring: worsening of accessibility to health services, lack of financial support, fear of the future reconstructions. However, the process of closing stationery and obstetrics units is evaluated constructively even in the regional hospitals as increasing safety of the services is emphasized. These results demonstrate the potential for future transformational trends and issues that are still unresolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Publikacijoje nagrinėjama mokslo objektyvumo ir vertybinio neutralumo sąvokos, kurias autorius laiko esminiais mokslo struktūros ypatumais. Nagrinėjamos šių sąvokų tradicinės sampratos, kurios kritikuojamos kaip naivios ir supaprastinančios problemas. Autorius teigia, kad laisvė nuo vertinimų nereiškia, kad: a) mokslai negali tyrinėti vertinimų; b) mokslas neturi jokių savo normų ir vertybių; c) mokslas ir jo rezultatai negali būti labai vertingi visuomenei; d) mokslininkas neturi teisės pareikšti savo požiūrio į istorines būsenas, veiksmus, socialinius santykius. Laisvės nuo vertinimų principas reiškia, kad individualūs ir kolektyviniai interesai bei vertybiniai vaizdiniai, simpatijos ir poreikiai neturi daryti jokios įtakos sprendžiant, ar hipotezės yra teisingos, ar klaidingos. Visuomenė turi teisę dalyvauti sprendžiant, į kokius klausimus turi būti atsakyta, bet ne kaip į juos turi būti atsakyta.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama etinių vertybių problema N. Hartmanno filosofijoje, analizuojama jų santykiai su kitomis vertybėmis, dorovinio poelgio struktūra. Pastaroji yra trejopa: žmogus suvokia būsimo poelgio tikslą; palaipsniui mažėja priemonės iškeltam tikslui siekti; iškelto tikslo siekiama nuolat mažėjant nuotoliui tarp priežasties ir dorovinio veiksmo. Aptariant dorovinius pasirinkimus ir poelgius, didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas gyvenimo situacijai, kurioje nuolat veikia subjektas. Gyvenimo situacijos terminas pabrėžia kitų žmonių grupių interesus, į kuriuos žmogus yra priverstas atsižvelgti. Pagrindinis subjekto uždavinys yra būsimos situacijos numatymas ir teisingas elgesys. Straipsnio autorius siekia parodyti etinių vertinimų specifiką, jų priklausomybę nuo gyvenimo situacijos. N. Hartmannas palaikė M. Schelerio mintį, kad vertybinis jausmas neturi griežto ryšio su vertinamuoju objektu, tačiau to jausmo turinys yra objektyvaus pobūdžio.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami subjekto ir tikrovės estetinio santykio aksiologinės analizės klausimai. Autorius pabrėžia marksistinėje literatūroje pastebimus bandymus įveikti vienpusišką gnoseologinės prieigos taikymą estetinio suvokimo analizei. Kita vertus, autorius kritikuoja egzistuojančius šių problemų marksistinių sprendimų trūkumus: aksiologinių ir gnoseologinių plotmių painiojimą, supaprastintą stebėtojiškojo materializmo atspindžio teorijos supratimą, vertinimo sąvokos neapibrėžtą vartojimą ir pan. Teigiama, kad atspindžio priklausomybė nuo objekto visada yra santykinė, ir laikyti tikrovę atspindžio turinį lemiančiu veiksniu galima tik konkrečia, apibrėžta prasme. Straipsnyje bandoma eksplikuoti estetinio suvokimo pažintinių ir vertinamųjų aspektų dialektinį sąryšį: svarbu ne išskirti tam tikrus estetinio santykio komponentus (pažinimą ir vertinimą), o šį santykį traktuoti atitikimo tikrovei (gnoseologiniu) ir atitikimo subjekto poreikiams (aksiologiniu) požiūriu.

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