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Copyright of Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi DTCF Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi (DTCF Dergisi) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), together with other fruit crops, were introduced on multiple occasions to Rapa Nui (Easter Island) after its European discovery, as early as 1821. Today, viticulture arises as a new innovative economic resource for Rapa Nui, and therefore, understanding which genotypes were introduced and their origin becomes not just a curiosity but a relevant issue. To answer these two questions, here we review documentary sources combined with genetic analyses of 65 samples of feral vines currently growing on the island using the set of nine microsatellites proposed by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) and the Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC). Among them, we found six genotypes with variable prevalence, including the two foundational varieties of American viticulture (Listán Prieto and Muscat of Alexandria), three criolla varieties (Huevo de Gallo/Huasquina/Blanca Ovoide, Rosa del Peru, and NN-165), and one unknown variety (named NN-416), which based on its SSR haplotypic pattern probably had a direct European ancestry. Except for NN-416, all the identified genotypes are commonly found in the Chilean central valley. These results strongly suggest that most of these plants were introduced from mainland Chile sometime during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries and remained uncultivated during all this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Complex visual hallucinations with retention of insight due to visual impairment are key symptoms of Charles Bonnet syndrome. The syndrome is a standalone diagnosis in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision. Nevertheless, in clinical praxis, it is often misdiagnosed as psychosis or early stages of dementia, and it goes underreported by patients because of the fear of being diagnosed with a mental illness. Case report. We presented four elderly patients, who were referred for psychiatric consultation due to visual hallucinations, with preserved insight, but with impaired vision. All four patients had complex, vivid, and colorful hallucinations consisting of realistic objects, people, animals, or scenery that tend to recur. Their emotional response and impact on quality of life differed, and psychopharmacotherapy was determined according to their psychological symptoms. Empathic explanation of the symptoms' origin and reassurance of the absence of mental illness for patients and caregivers were of vital importance in all cases. Conclusion. With the aging of the population, the number of patients with impaired vision also increases, and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnostic procedures and treatment of Charles Bonnet syndrome is emphasized. Increased awareness of clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches is required among all physicians who are in contact with elderly and/or impaired vision patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. The acquisition of practical skills (PS), as well as adaptive behavior (AB) in general, is affected by an array of personal and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the level of a cquisition of practical adaptive skills (PAS) among adults with vision impairment (VI), in comparison to the norms among the general population and with regard to the vision status (low vision and blindness), age of vision loss onset, gender, age, living arrangements, education, and employment status. Methods. Seventy-nine (62.2%) participants who were blind and forty-eight (37.8%) participants with low vision and typical intellectual abilities voluntarily took part in the study. The respondents were aged from 19 to 60 years, with a mean age of 36.1 ± 11.8 years. PAS were assessed using the PS domain which is part of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System II - ABAS II. Results. The scores achieved in the skill areas of the PS domain range from extremely low to average. Extremely low scores were detected in the Work skill area, while for the skill areas of Community use, Home living, and Health and safety, the scores were below average, and average scores were noted in the Self-care skill area. The degree of PS acquisition among participants with VI depended primarily on the vision status, but a significant connection with living arrangements and employment status was also established. Conclusion. Persons with VI showed significant limitations in the area of PS, which indicates the need for support programs designed to foster the development of self-reliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. Corneal cross-linking (CXL) treatment shows the best results in stabilizing the cornea and stopping the progress of the ectatic process. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of CXL on the keratoconus regarding higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and potential improvement of visual function. Methods. In 19 patients, a standard epithelium-off CXL was performed with an energy density of three mW/cm2 for half an hour. The cornea was examined by Pentacam topography before CXL and one and six months after CXL. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), topographic data, and aberrations were collected. Results. A significant reduction in vertical coma was observed from preoperative -1.03 ± 1.89 to -0.74 ± 1.73 (p = 0.004) six months after CXL, and in spherical aberration from preoperative -0.22 ± 1.05 to -0.08 ± 1.13 (p = 0.002) six months after CXL. Root mean square (RMS) HOAs six months after CXL also significantly reduced from 2.31 ± 1.82 to 2.26 ± 1.84 six months after CXL (p = 0.001). BCVA improved from preoperative 0.43 ± 0.15 to 0.71 ± 0.19 six months after surgery (p < 0.001). Conclusion. CXL is a very potent treatment method for keratoconus, which significantly reduces certain corneal wavefront aberrations, especially vertical coma, spherical aberration, and RMS, and leads to a significant improvement in visual acuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo fue evaluar la supervivencia al riego con soluciones de NaCl en 28 genotipos del género Vitis para identificar su grado de tolerancia salina. Se estudiaron 11 híbridos de Vitis americanos y 17 variedades de Vitis vinifera. Plantas de 1 y 2 años se regaron durante 66 días con una solución 100 mM de NaCl. Para clasificar las variedades de acuerdo con su grado de tolerancia a la salinidad, se calculó el día en que el 25% de la población había muerto (1er cuartil de la muestra). Se consideraron como genotipos sensibles aquellos en que al menos 25% había muerto antes del día 30 (3309 Couderc, 161-49 Couderc, Fercal, Freedom, 1103 Paulsen, 99 Richter, SO4, Torrontés Sanjuanino), como poco tolerantes cuando al menos 25% murió entre los días 30 y 60 (Cereza, Colombard, Criollas Blanca y Ballista, Palomino, 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, Syrah, Torrontés Riojano) y como tolerantes cuando el 75% o menos sobrevivió más de 60 días (101-14 Millardet-Grasset, 196-17 Castel, Criollas Chica y Sanjuanina, Moscatel de Alejandría, Pedro Giménez). Aun en los genotipos más tolerantes cuando las plantas crecieron bajo salinidad, la integridad de membranas celulares se redujo un 17% y el contenido de clorofila total disminuyó un 52%.

The current climate change is forcing growth-adapted genotypes with a higher water use efficiency (WUE). However, the evaluation of WUE is being made by different direct and indirect parameters such as the instantaneous leaf WUE (WUEi) and isotopic discrimination of carbon (δ13C) content of fruits. In the present work, WUE has been evaluated in these two ways in a wide collection of grapevine genotypes, including Tempranillo and Garnacha clones, and Tempranillo on different rootstocks (T-rootstocks). A total of 70 genotypes have been analysed in four experimental fields over two years. The parameters used to measure WUE were the bunch biomass isotopic discrimination (δ13C) and the intrinsic WUE (WUEi), defined as the ratio between net CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance. The genotypes with the highest and lowest WUE were identified, differences between them being found to be of more than 10%. Generally, the two parameters showed coincidences in the clones with the highest and lowest WUE, suggesting that both are valuable tools to classify genotypes by their WUE in grapevine breeding programs. However, δ13C seemed to be a better indicator for determining WUE because it represents the integration over the synthesis time of the sample analysed (mainly sugars from ripening grapes), which coincides with the driest period for the crop. Moreover, the WUEi is a variable parameter in the plant and it is more dependent on the environmental conditions. The present work suggests that carbon isotopic discrimination could be an interesting parameter for the clonal selection criteria in grapevines by WUE. The main reasons were its better discrimination between clones, the fact that sampling is less time-consuming and easier to do than WUEi, and that the samples can be stored for late determinations, increasing the number of samples that can be analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Vitis vinifera (planta de uva, vid), usada para elaborar vinos, existe desde antes que el hombre y ha estado vinculada al mismo siempre. Está presente en la Biblia e históricamente se remonta a la antigua Roma, donde elaboraban un vino dorado sin distinguir variedad de uvas. Para hacer vinos es necesario producir fruta de buena calidad, la vid requiere ciertos niveles de luz y calor, y temperaturas extremas pueden afectar de manera negativa la producción. Además, necesita condiciones climatológicas específicas para desarrollarse, ejemplo: un invierno suficientemente frío permite a la planta descansar. Por esa razón, la mayoría de vides se cultivan en latitudes del globo que proporcionan una adecuada cantidad de luz solar, calor y agua, entre el paralelo 30º y 50º, tanto hacia el norte como hacia el sur. Sn embargo, contrario a estas teorías, en Ecuador (paralelo 0º) se producen vides y vinos de excelente calidad. En este artículo se investiga lo antes mencionado en Yaruquí, parroquia rural de Quito, provincia de Pichincha, conociendo que la zona solo tiene un viñedo llamado Chaupi Estancia, donde se realizó una observación de campo que arrojó datos de variedades de cepas producidas, pese a su climatología. A su vez, se evidenció información importante sobre volumen de producción en las plantas, la afectación de la posición del sol considerando la ubicación del terreno en la pigmentación de las uvas, especialmente en variedades blancas, y su influencia en el dulzor de la fruta (contenido de azúcar), que dan como resultado unos sabores peculiares en los vinos.

In 2021, during a survey in the Djelfa region of Algeria, the dagger nematodes Xiphinema index and Xiphinema pachtaicum were found infesting grapevine (Vitis vinifera). These nematodes were identified based on their morphological/morphometric features and then confirmed via molecular analysis of the D2D3 region (26S rRNA). Microscopic assessment of females indicated the occurrence of both X. index and X. pachtaicum on the grapevine. The 28S D2D3 sequences shared more than 98.82% sequence similarity with GenBank references for X. pachtaicum and X. index. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. index and X. pachtaicum infecting grapevine in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. High speeds that modern aircraft develop during take-off, flight and landing place an additional strain on the organ of vision. Owing to its considerable practical implementation in air combat, the effect of +Gz acceleration on the organ of vision is considered increasingly important for research. Substantial changes in visual functions may occur during high acceleration onset rates. However, it is important for a pilot to maintain visual acuity in order to be able to monitor new functional displays for rapid orientation, scan the configuration of terrain, display of weapons systems and enemy aircraft and deal with additional issues of the complexity of spatial orientation. The aim of the investigation was to establish whether distance visual acuity in air force pilots and student pilots is affected when exposed to +Gz acceleration. Methods. The study was performed on a defined population consisting of 95 respondents from 21 to 45 years of age divided into two groups. The first group included 65 air force pilots and the second group comprised of 30 student pilots, all of whom were exposed to an acceleration of +5.5 Gz. The testing was performed in a human centrifuge, which mimics conditions of real Gz acceleration, in the Department of Biodynamics in Aero Medical Institute (Zemun, Serbia). We examined the obtained differences in distance visual acuity before and after exposure to acceleration. Results. After the testing, all respondents in the group of air force pilots had distance visual acuity of 1.0, while in the group of student pilots a statistically significant difference in distance visual acuity was observed after being exposed to +Gz acceleration. Conclusion. Transient changes in distant visual acuity were more pronounced in the group of student pilots in comparison with the changes in visual acuity in the air force pilots when exposed to the same acceleration values (+5Gz acceleration). Since change in distance visual acuity is the most sensitive physiological indicator when exposed to high acceleration, individual physiological pilot training in the human centrifuge increases tolerance to accelerations, which is important for flight safety in both peacetime and combat conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Croatica: Magazine for Croatian Language, Literature & Culture is the property of University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Estudios locales sobre sustentabilidad del cultivo de vid en la provincia de San Juan, Argentina, han demostrado que el manejo tradicional del cultivo presenta un alto grado de insustentabilidad. Esto se debe a un inadecuado manejo de suelo, pérdida de biodiversidad y una dependencia del 100 % de insumos externos. Bajo este escenario, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el manejo tradicional de suelo que realizan los productores locales, en comparación con manejos agroecológicos y su impacto sobre la composición química de suelo, rendimiento y calidad de la cv Malbec Vitis vinífera L. Los tratamientos fueron, Control: manejo tradicional (fertilizante sintético N 46, 100 kg ha-1), Compost (subproductos agroindustriales, CE 8980, pH 7.1, N 1.61, P 1.08, K 0.34, MO 27.8, 32000 kg ha-1), Guano de gallina (CE 9080, pH 7.3, N 2.00, P 1.5, K 0.29, MO 30.5, 32000 kg ha-1). Los tratamientos se llevaron a cabo durante tres temporadas 2019, 2020 y 2021. En el control se eliminaron las malezas con glifosato 36 %, (eliminación del 100% de la vegetación), mientras que en los tratamientos compost y guano, se mantuvo la vegetación espontánea con desbrozadora cada 20 días. Todos los tratamientos tuvieron efecto sobre la composición química del suelo, siendo el compost quien obtuvo los mayores valores, logrando incrementos del 40% N, 50% P, 19% K y 14% MO comparados con el control. Adicionalmente, el compost mantuvo el rendimiento y calidad de racimos. Sumado a los beneficios mencionados, el tratamiento a base de compost permite disminuir el uso de agroquímicos, la contaminación y la degradación del suelo e incrementar la biodiversidad mediante el mantenimiento de la vegetación espontánea.

The present study deals with suffixless nouns in Czech. Two data samples are analysed to demonstrate that suffixless nouns with an action meaning mostly correspond to a pair of verbs with different themes (conveying different grammatical aspects; e.g., skok 'jump' < skočit 'to jump. PFV': skákat 'to jump.IPFV'), whereas non-actional suffixless nouns tend to form a single corresponding verb which uses a prefix to change the aspect (noc 'night' > nocovat 'to stay.IPFV overnight' > přenocovat 'to stay.PFV overnight'). This distinction is applied to a third data sample to determine direction of motivation in pairs of suffixless nouns and verbs. The difference between the deverbal and denominal direction is explained by the part-of-speech category of the root morpheme which is shared by the suffixless noun and the corresponding verb(s). The relations observed are modelled as paradigms recurring across the word-formation system of Czech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a member of the Geminiviridae family that has a single-stranded DNA genome consisting of 3,206 nucleotides, from which two clades (1 and 2) diverge with differences of up to 8.5% in the genome. The symptoms associated with the red blotch disease are leaves with irregular red spots, the veins turn red and occasionally margins of the same color can be observed; white grape cultivars symptoms are less marked, involving slight chlorosis of irregular shape that may become necrotic as time, causing delays in fruit maturation and alterations in the chemical characteristics of the juice. Objective. Introduce the current situation of the grapevine red blotch virus on the vine worldwide and the risk that it represents as an emerging disease in Mexico, as well as the available detection methods and strategies for managing the disease and its known vectors. Methodology. Employed method was a literature review about Grapevine “red spot” virus and its damages on the vine plants. Main findings. A review is obtained with the distribution of GRBV worldwide, highlighting the main differences with Pierce disease and GLRaV, knowledge of the vectors and the amin detection techniques. Implications. The real spread of the red blotch disease caused by GRBV in Mexico, specific vectors or alternative hosts is not known, which represents a latent risk to the national grape production. Communicate timely and available information about possible vectors, detection techniques and symptoms caused by GRBV are very important for a monitoring and control strategy design. Conclusions. The disease caused by GRBV has been recently detected in Mexico country, making crucial to establish effective and reliable detection strategies that improve the monitoring and control of GRBV and its possible vectors. This review shows the current panorama of the GRBV distribution in Mexico and the world, the repercussions on the crop due to the effect of the symptoms that affect the physiology and metabolism of the plants, which affects the production and quality fruit, as well as the information available to support the vine production systems in Mexico.

Prispevek obravnava temeljna glagola vidne zaznave v slovenščini in ruščini. Konstrastivno so obravnavane rabe glagola videti/видеть, ki označuje pretežno statično in nezavedno zaznavo, in gledati/смотреть, ki izraža dinamično usmerjeno zaznavo. Jezika se razlikujeta glede raz­ličnih skladenjskih možnosti omenjenih glagolov, povezanih s sporočanjskimi perspektivami: ene zgradbe izpostavljajo opazovalca, druge pa zmožnost zaznave predmeta.

Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prispevek analizira rabo slovenskih veznikov dokler in dokler ne na začetku in sredini večstavčne povedi. Pogosteje se pojavlja dokler ne, raba obeh pa je izrazito pogostejša na sre­dini povedi. Veznika sta analizirana kot del niza permutacij dejanj z izmenjevanjem dovršnika (DV) in/ali nedovršnika (NDV) ter veznika na treh mestih: veznik + glagol + glagol; glagol + veznik + glagol (1 × 2 × 2; 2 × 1 × 2). Pri dokler na vsaj enem mestu v permutacijah izrazito prevladuje nedovršnik, pri dokler ne dovršnik; najpogostejši permutaciji sta dokler NDV NDV in NDV dokler NDV ter dokler ne DV NDV in NDV dokler ne DV. Pri redkejših permutacijah je opazen prehod pomena povedi iz časovnosti proti pogojnosti. Dokler ne uvaja pleonastično zanikanje, a je ob izhodiščni nepredložni tožilniški vezavi kljub temu prevlada rodilnika zaradi formalne prisotnosti zanikanja zelo izrazita.

No contiene resumen.

En la provincia de Mendoza se han observado ninfas y adultos de una chicharra, que al alimentarse de los órganos de la vid (Vitis vinifera L.) causa lesiones y sintomatologías producto de la respuesta de la planta. Dada su similitud con otras afecciones, el cuadro sintomatológico muchas veces no es reconocido por los viticultores. En esta contribución se da a conocer a C. nigripectus como el membrácido que afecta los viñedos mendocinos y se destaca su importancia por ser una especie nativa ampliamente distribuida en el país, que ha demostrado tener capacidad infestiva en alfalfares y ser potencial vector del fitoplasma ArAWB, agente causal de la “escoba de bruja de la alfalfa”. Asimismo, se marcan los rasgos diagnósticos más relevantes y se caracterizan las lesiones y sintomatologías observadas en la vid producto de la alimentación del insecto, para que sean fácilmente reconocidas a campo.

Background/Aim. Stereo vision guarantees good vision and is one of the three main elements of binocular vision, besides simultaneous perception and fusion. It represents the third degree of binocular vision and enables estimation of distance, depth, and space between objects, i.e., allows perception of a three-dimensional image, which is crucial for a pilot. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of +Gz acceleration on stereo vision in pilots in the air force and student pilots. Methods. Two groups of respondents were tested (30 student pilots and 65 air force pilots -- a total of 95 respondents). We considered the differences between these two groups as they provide important information about the condition of stereo vision at the beginning of the professional career and after a large number of flight hours over years of flying. We tested variations in stereoscopic vision based on the degree of acceleration of +5Gz by using the Randot Test, which enabled us to determine the degree of three-dimensional vision. Results. Temporary changes in stereo vision in student pilots were greater when compared to these changes in air force pilots when exposed to the same acceleration (+5Gz acceleration). The detailed analysis showed that the most sensitive physiological indicators were changes in stereo vision. Conclusion. We confirmed that individual physiological pilot training in a human centrifuge, where they are exposed to real G acceleration, improves tolerance to accelerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Theologia Catholica is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Slavistična Revija is the property of Slavisticno Drustvo Slovenije and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the problems that restrict the development of the vineyards is the chlorosis of the plants due to the deficiency of Fe, which is very frequent in limy soils. Foliar application of biofertilizers with Fe can increase the content of this element in the leaves of vine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) and reduce chlorosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a foliar, organic fertilizer, elaborated with seaweed extracts (Algae (L.)), added with Fe (6%) and Mn (3%), on the Fe and chlorophyll content of the leaves, rate of foliar photosynthesis and fruit yield of Sauvignon Blanc cultivar variety (cv.) vine plants. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (without application of the biofertilizer, with one, two, three applications) and four replicates. Foliar applications started at the end of the vegetative stage in intervals of 15 d. The comparison of treatment means was made with the Tukey test (p≤0.05). Results showed that each application of the biofertilizer increased proportionally the iron content in leaves. Two applications increased relative chlorophyll content, and three applications were needed to increase the rate of foliar photosynthesis. The effect of the biofertilizer applications on the Fe content, relative chlorophyll content and the rate of foliar photosynthesis increased the fruit yield of cv. Sauvignon Blanc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the Italian periphrastic passive and its auxiliaries venire and essere from an aspectual point of view, based on the Czech language. After a short summary of the main differences between Czech and Italian regarding the notion of verbal aspect and periphrastic passive, it analyses a generally expected claim that in the present tense passive constructions containing the auxiliary venire should be translated into Czech with a higher incidence of imperfective verbs than of passive constructions containing the auxiliary essere. This trend should not be found in the simple past tense or in the imperfect tense. The analysis confirms a difference in the present tense, but does not confirm its absence in the past tenses. Moreover, the difference between the two auxiliaries is even more apparent in the imperfect tense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slavistična Revija is the property of Slavisticno Drustvo Slovenije and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a tool that helps to have clean and sustainable agriculture as well as in the reduction of agrochemicals. 35 Actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples from vine, Ica crops. These 35 strains were characterized by their enzymatic ability to degrade different substrates such as oats, lecithin, starch, casein, tween 81 and carboxymethylcellulose. 18 actinobacteria strains were selected that had the best antagonistic response against Aspergillus sp. after being evaluated by bilayer technique in different culture media such as nutrient agar, plate count agar, potato dextrose agar and a new culture medium called ASMICO. To verify the PGPB capacity, phosphates solubilization, nitrogen fixation, siderophore production and acetic indole acid (AIA) production were qualitatively evaluated. 4 actinomycetes were selected with the best antagonism and with at least one of the PGPB characteristics. They then clashed against the phytopathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi which reduced their growth to 10 mm compared to 49 mm of negative control. Using ANOVA with the Statistica 10 software it was confirmed that the new ASMICO culture medium has the greatest effect and is significantly (p <0.05) different compared to the 3 other media used. It is concluded that actinomycetes isolated from Vine crops soils are a potential source to be used as producers of antifungal metabolites as well as PGPB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En agro-ecosistemas de regadío frágiles como los de Mendoza, con suelos de baja ferti¬lidad, escasas precipitaciones y elevada evapotranspiración estival, el cambio climático tendrá un impacto significativo. Las prácticas vitícolas convencionales mediante labranza y uso intensivo de agroquímicos, profundizan los desequilibrios ecológicos generando serios riesgos ambientales. La problemática requiere de un rediseño de estos sistemas y el replanteo de sus prácticas actuales. En la Estación Experimental Mendoza del INTA se trabajó en la transición hacia sistemas de manejo del viñedo con enfoque agroecológico. En una parcela demostrativa y experimental de vid, se establecieron corredores biológicos y diversos cultivos de cobertura, se estudiaron diferentes metodologías de compostaje y obtención de té de compost, bioles y su aplicación periódica al cultivo. Se ensayaron tecnologías alternativas para controlar malezas y programas preventivos de menor impacto para el control de plagas y enfermedades. Las prácticas propuestas permitieron aumentar la diversidad de especies en el viñedo, mejorar la fertilidad del suelo y alcanzar niveles productivos cercanos al manejo convencional. En el transcurso de nueve temporadas agrícolas, se logró mantener satisfactoriamente las condiciones fitosanitarias. Por último, los costos operativos se aproximaron a los de un manejo convencional.

Introducción: La provincia de Mendoza se caracteriza por un creciente desarrollo del cultivo de vid. Su expansión, ha llevado a la ocupación de áreas con presencia de una capa de carbonato de calcio, el “caliche”, planteando problemas agrícolas. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la profundidad a la que se encuentra el “caliche” a través de la identificación de comunidades vegetales y zonificarlas para su uso con destino al cultivo de vid. M&M: Se trabajó en un terreno de 60 ha, Dpto. Tupungato. Se realizaron 27 censos fitosociológicos y 27 transectas de Point-quadrat para determinar cobertura vegetal. En cada punto de muestreo se midió la profundidad del caliche mediante la técnica de barrenado y se evaluó la altura de la vegetación dominante. Resultados: Se registraron 68 especies vegetales. La matriz dominante estuvo representada por Larrea divaricata. Se identificaron 5 UV florísticas y 5 UV fisonómicas, encontrándose una relación positiva entre ambas. La profundidad de caliche osciló entre 0-150 cm. Las UV florísticas mostraron un solapamiento en la profundidad del caliche, no así las fisonómicas. Geoffroea decorticans y Senna aphylla fueron indicadoras de la presencia de caliche. Conclusiones: El presente trabajo ofrece una alternativa de bajo costo, alto potencial y efectividad de uso, para el muestreo de profundidad de caliche.

Berry skins from red grape cultivars contain significant amounts of polyphenols that contribute to wine quality and provide health benefits. These compounds can be elicited by plant hormones. The aim of this work was to increase the content of anthocyanins (ANT) and trans-resveratrol (T-RES) by application of abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in five red V. vinifera cvs. (Bonarda, Malbec, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Pinot Noir), in two Argentinean contrasting growing regions (Santa Rosa and Valle de Uco). Results showed positive and differential effects of ABA and MeJA on the total ANT content for the diverse cultivars with changes in the proportions of blue and red ANT. ABA increased total ANT in both viticultural region, while MeJA had a positive effect only in Santa Rosa. Also, ABA and MeJA induced an accumulation of T-RES in different cultivars, regardless of the region; T-RES accumulation elicited by ABA was not previously described. This work brings out the possibility to use these hormones as practical tools to produce high-quality red wines in two contrasting viticultural regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the results and conclusions obtained from vineyard zoning in Mendoza by using three vegetation indexes (NDVI, EVI and SAVI). Such indexes were calculated from spectral signals received by the Sentinel-2A satellite in the days close to the 2017 harvest. With this information, maps from the plot of land with the zoning given by each index were obtained. Based on the NDVI zoning, a stratified sampling was carried out. On each stratum, 14 plants were marked and the production variables total weight of grape per plant, number of grape bunchs per plant and the weight of 50 berries were measured. The results showed that NDVI and SAVI led to similar classifications in terms of vineyard zones (strata), while EVI captures high vigor levels with less sensitivity. There was a correspondence between the production variables and the strata of high, medium and low vigor. The three indexes clearly showed two different vineyard areas in terms of production. Consequently, these indexes may contribute to rationalize viticulture practices, adjusting the intensity of such practices to the characteristics and needs of each of these vineyard areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In fragile irrigated agro-ecosystems like those in Mendoza, with low fertility soils, scarce rainfall and high summer evapotranspiration, climate change will have a significant impact. Agricultural practices with tillage and intensive use of agrochemicals generate serious ecological imbalances. This problem requires the redesign of these systems and a reconsideration of its practices. The Agricultural Experimental Station of INTA Mendoza worked on the transition to vineyard management systems with an agroecological approach. In a demonstrative and experimental vineyard plot, biological corridors and diverse cover crops were established, studying different methodologies of elaboration of compost, compost tea, bio-slurry and their periodic application to the crop. We evaluated alternative technologies for weed control and phytosanitary programs with lower environmental impact. The proposed practices allowed increasing biodiversity of species in the vineyard, improving soil fertility and achieving productive levels close to those of conventional management. In the course of nine agricultural seasons, the sanitary conditions of the vineyard were satisfactorily maintained. Finally, operating costs were close to those of conventional management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

. El cultivo de vid se ha expandido a nivel mundial en años recientes. En México, el interés por mejorar los sistemas de producción en esta especie es signicativo. En particular, cuando además de aumentar el rendimiento se mejora la calidad del fruto al incrementar su contenido de antioxidantes. El retardante de crecimiento prohexadiona Ca (P-Ca) mejora la producción y calidad de frutos. Se aplicó P- Ca a un viñedo del cultivar Shiraz durante el ciclo 2014. Se aplicaron los siguientes tratamientos: 0 (agua-testigo), 100, 200 y 300 mg L−1 de la hormona P-Ca, por medio de la asperción en dos ocasiones. La primera se realizó en oración y la segunda, dos semanas después. Durante la cosecha, se evaluaron peso, tamaño y calidad de fruto; rendimiento; así como número y peso de racimos. El rendimiento por planta fue superior en la mayoría de los tratamientos con P-Ca; en donde, la dosis con 300 mg L−1 aumentó en un 53%. Los análisis químicos del fruto mostraron que la P-Ca a 300 mg L−1 aplicado en dos ocasiones aumentó un 42% el contenido de polifenoles totales. El contenido de antocianinas se incrementó en un 68% con P-Ca a 200 mg L−1 ; en tanto que los niveles de procianidinas totales reejaron incrementos substanciales con P-Ca destacando el tratamiento con 300 mg L−1 que aumentó un 98% el contenido de procianidinas en comparación con el testigo.

Background: Vestibular patients occasionally report aggravation or triggering of their symptoms by visual stimuli, which is called visually induced dizziness (VID). These patients therefore experience dizziness, discomfort, disorientation and postural unsteadiness. The underlying pathophysiology of VID is still poorly understood. Objective: The aim of the current explorative study was to gain a first insight in the underlying neural aspects of VID. Methods: We included 10 VID patients and 10 healthy matched controls, all of which underwent a resting state fMRI scan session. Changes in functional connectivity were explored by means of the intrinsic connectivity contrast (ICC). Seed-based analysis was subsequently performed in visual and vestibular seeds. Results: We found a decreased functional connectivity in the right central operculum (superior temporal gyrus), as well as increased functional connectivity in the occipital pole in VID patients as compared to controls in a hypothesis-free analysis. A weaker functional connectivity between the thalamus and most of the right putamen was measured in VID patients in comparison to controls in a seed-based analysis. Furthermore, also by means of a seed-based analysis, a decreased functional connectivity between the visual associative area and the left parahippocampal gyrus was found in VID patients. Additionally, we found increased functional connectivity between thalamus and occipital and cerebellar areas in the VID patients, as well as between the associative visual cortex and both middle frontal gyrus and precuneus. Conclusions: We found alterations in the visual and vestibular cortical network in VID patients that could underlie the typical VID symptoms such as a worsening of their vestibular symptoms when being exposed to challenging visual stimuli. These preliminary findings provide the first insights into the underlying functional brain connectivity in VID patients. Future studies should extend these findings by employing larger sample sizes, by investigating specific task-based paradigms in these patients and by exploring the implications for treatment.

En este fascículo veremos ¿Qué relación existe entre la calidad aromática del vino y la bioquímica de la vid? lo que podría beneficiar al viticultor en el manejo apropiado del viñedo para la obtención específica de ciertos compuestos. Además se analizarán las afecciones respiratorias y de la piel que son frecuentes en trabajadores de los rastros de ganado, donde se manejan ambientes fríos y húmedos en el artículo “Efecto de la temperatura y humedad en la piel y vías respiratorias de trabajadores en un rastro”. Mientras que en el artículo “Components of phenotypic variance of seed traits and germination characteristics of 20 ponderosa pine half-sib families”, se describe un estudio para estimar componentes de varianza de características y vigor de 20 lotes de semilla de pino ponderosa.Veremos también como los estudios sobre clima organizacional se han incrementado rápidamente, ya que las organizaciones públicas y privadas en el artículo” Revisión de la literatura de clima organizacional, estado del arte”. Así mismo se estimará el crecimiento y la mortalidad de este pez con la finalidad de sugerir medidas de manejo en el estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. Finalmente, en el artículo “Estándares nutricionales foliares para arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) mediante diagnóstico diferencial integrado (DDI), en Chihuahua” se analizará cómo esta especie ha incrementado como resultado de la demanda del fruto y su alta vida productiva. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v12i3.1509

U radu su prikazani teorijski argumenti i empirijske potvrde za ideju i protiv ideje da kognitivni procesi (mišljenje, rezoniranje, očekivanje i vjerovanje) ili emocije i motivacija mogu izravno utjecati na i mijenjati sadržaj vida. Prema hipotezi o modularnosti uma i Marrovoj računalnoj teoriji vid je informacijski zatvoren modul s fiksnom, urođenom arhitekturom. Ona se temelji na specifičnim načelima koja su bitno drugačija od općega kognitivnog funkcioniranja. Vid mora biti kognitivno inpenetrabilan zato jer mora stvoriti točnu mentalnu reprezentaciju vanjskog svijeta i time omogućiti jedinki uspješno snalaženje u njemu. Suprotno tome, prema modelu prediktivnog kodiranja, kao suvremenog oblika zagovaranja penetrabilnosti vida, mozak stalno generira predikcije koje olakšavaju i usmjeravaju procesiranje osjetnih informacija i posljedično mijenjaju ono što vidimo. U novije vrijeme mnoga bihevioralna i neuroznanstvena istraživanja pokazuju da se vid doista mijenja pod utjecajem naučenih asocijacija i konteksta kao i socijalne kognicije, motivacije i emocija, što upućuje na zaključak da je vid kognitivno penetrabilan. Međutim, u navedenim su istraživanjima identificirane brojne metodološke i interpretacijske poteškoće iz kojih proizlazi suprotan zaključak. Na kraju, opisani su mogući smjerovi za daljnja teorijska i empirijska istraživanja koja bi nas trebala približiti razrješenju ovoga složenog pitanja.

En este trabajo se estudia la dinámica de transición en la interacción entre vid (Vitisvinifera L.) y cultivo de cobertura. A partir de datos obtenidos en un ensayo de campo ser postuló un modelo estadístico para investigar dicha interacción biológica y se pudo determinar que el sistema vid-cultivo de cobertura cambió de una interacción biológica del tipo comensalismo a otra de amensalismo, siendo la vid la que no se ve afectada. Sobre la base de esta información, se formuló un modelo biomatemático para describir esta interacción, se estimaron los parámetros del mismo y se analizó la estabilidad de los puntos de equilibrio. Se evidencia en el presente estudio que el cultivo de cobertura no afecta el crecimiento de la vid, durante el período considerado en el ensayo.

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The aim of this work was to estimate the genetic variation in a crop of red globe variety (Vitis vinifera) by means of the microsatellites VVMD5 and VrZAG79. For this, plant leaves were obtained from San Jose camp at Chavimochic, La Libertad, Peru. Then, we proceeded with the extraction of DNA, the amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis for the microsatellites VVMD5 and VrZag79. We observed monomorphic loci for both markers, the sizes of amplified fragments were of 213.6 and 239.7 bp for VVMD5 and of 242.2 bp for VrZAG79. As conclusion, the genotypes show stability during the replicas that were realized by vegetative cloning to obtain the plants from an initial genotype. Nevertheless, the evaluation of the genotypes will be necessary with additional markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the second part of the review of experimental research on grammatical or lexical aspect. Two main topics are reviewed: the role of aspect in linguistic relativity and the aspectual coercion hypothesis. In the first part of the paper, it is shown that languages with a similar aspectual system can differ widely in their preferences in the description of certain events, and furthermore that these preferences may influence the speakers' non-linguistic perception of events. The second part of the paper shows that previous studies on aspectual coercion differ both in their methodology and findings and that the very existence of the aspectual coercion phenomenon is not clear yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present case study deals with the functions of the Czech verbal prefix po-. Three functions of the prefix are analysed by contrasting the existing theoretical descriptions with corpus data. In its primary, word-formational function, po- modifies the meaning of the base verb (expressing one of the semantic features described as Aktionsart or other meanings; e.g. kreslit 'to draw' > pokreslit 'to cover with drawings'). In its second function, po- derives perfective counterparts from the imperfective verb; here, the prefix is considered to be a grammatical means used for the formation of aspectual pairs of verbs (cf. kárat 'to admonish.impf' > pokárat 'to admonish.pf'). The third function of po- is manifested in the class of determinate verbs; it is a part of the morphological form of these verbs in their (imperfective) future meaning (e.g. běžet 'to run' - poběží '(he) will run'). A group of verbs suspected of exhibiting similar behaviour as the pure determinate verbs is analysed and attested using the corpus data. Finally, the competition between the prefix po- and several tens of prefixes in Czech verbs is commented upon and the position of the prefixed verbs within word-formation nests is sketched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]