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The issue of sustainable food production has become increasingly important in recent years, starting from Sustainable Development Goals in 2015, moving through important events like Farm to Fork strategy up until the United Nations Food System Summit in 2021. The wine industry also, as a niche of the agri-food sector, has been influenced by this change, but despite its economic and cultural value, its sustainability issues have not been sufficiently explored by academia. The present research expands the debate on environmental sustainability in the wine industry by observing how management academia has addressed this topic over the last twelve years, defining the state of the art of a quite new and unexplored topic. The research has been structured as a systematic literature review of academic papers from 2009 till the first half of 2022. This methodology provides a clear overview of sustainable management practices, effective and potential, throughout the entire agri-food wine production process.The papers identified are categorized and divided into major (most recurrent) and secondary topics, according to the prevalence criterion.The findings and discussion section provides an in-depth description and analysis of each category, as well as research gaps identification and possible academic issues. Since it was not possible to find similar works, this research would like to be seen as an opportunity to develop the research on environmental sustainability in the wine industry and align the interest of academia and wine stakeholders defining the path for future research.

The Western Cape province, home to the majority of South Africa's viniculture, is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This study validates the Co-ordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) temperature and precipitation outputs along with their vinicultural bioclimatic indices over the Western Cape for the historic period (1980–2000) as the first step to determining the ability of the models to accurately simulate future conditions. From the results, we observed that the output had a high agreement with observational data in the case of reproducing monthly average temperatures while precipitation outputs show high variability with moderate to high agreement. The performance of the models in simulating the vinicultural indices greatly depends on location with some models performing better than others. The results of this study will contribute to current efforts to understand the dynamics of climate change and viniculture in the Western Cape, where extreme events associated with climate change are already affecting farmers and potentially impacting the industry's production and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One approach towards maintaining healthy microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract is through the consumption of probiotics. Until now, the majority of probiotic research has focused on probiotic bacteria, but over the last few years more and more studies have demonstrated the probiotic properties of yeast, and also of species besides the well-studied Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. Probiotic strains have to present the ability to survive in harsh conditions of the host body, like the digestive tract. Must fermentation might be an example of a similar harsh environment. In the presented study, we examined the probiotic potential of 44 yeast strains isolated from Polish wines. The tested isolates belonged to six species: Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia kluyveri, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Metschnikowia ziziphicola, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Starmerella bacillaris. The tested strains were subjected to an assessment of probiotic properties, their safety and their other properties, such as enzymatic activity or antioxidant properties, in order to assess their potential usefulness as probiotic yeast candidates. Within the most promising strains were representatives of three species: H. uvarum, M. pulcherrima and S. cerevisiae. H. uvarum strains 15 and 16, as well as S. cerevisiae strain 37, showed, among other features, survivability in gastrointestinal tract conditions exceeding 100%, high hydrophobicity and autoaggregation, had no hemolytic activity and did not produce biogenic amines. The obtained results show that Polish wines might be a source of potential probiotic yeast candidates with perspectives for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Climate change has been driving warming trends and changes in precipitation patterns and regimes throughout Europe. Future projections indicate a continuation of these trends in the next decades. This situation is challenging the sustainability of viniculture and, thus, significant efforts towards adaptation should be then carried out by local winegrowers. Method: Ecological Niche Models were built, using the ensemble modelling approach, to estimate the bioclimatic suitability of four main wine-producing European countries, namely France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, in the recent past (1989–2005), for the cultivation of twelve Portuguese grape varieties. The models were then used to project the bioclimatic suitability to two future periods (2021– 2050 and 2051–2080) to better understand the potential shifts related to climate change (modeled after Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios). The models were obtained with the modeling platform BIOMOD2, using four bioclimatic indices, namely the “Huglin Index”, the “Cool Night index”, the “Growing Season Precipitation index”, and the “Temperature Range during Ripening index” as predictor variables, as well as the current locations of the chosen grape varieties in Portugal. Results: All models performed with high statistical accuracy (AUC > 0.9) and were able to discriminate several suitable bioclimatic areas for the different grape varieties, in and around where they are currently located but also in other parts of the study area. The distribution of the bioclimatic suitability changed, however, when looking at future projections. For both climatic scenarios, projected bioclimatic suitability suffered a considerable shift to the north of Spain and France. In some cases, bioclimatic suitability also moved towards areas of higher elevation. Portugal and Italy barely retained any of the initially projected varietal areas. These shifts were mainly due to the overall rise in thermal accumulation and lower accumulated precipitation in the southern regions projected for the future. Conclusion: Ensemble models of Ecological Niche Models were shown to be valid tools for winegrowers who want to adapt to a changing climate. The long-term sustainability of viniculture in southern Europe will most likely have to go through a process of mitigation of the effects of increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with green chemistry principles, a headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method was developed and optimized to study the profile of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in soil samples from vineyards. The 75 µm CAR/PDMS fiber was selected for the identification of BVOCs in soil. The analytical method showed very good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9914), sensitivity, and precision. Subsequently, soil matrix effect (ME) was examined on the BVOCs emission, through combined standard addition and internal standard (IS) calibration curves. The validated and optimized method was further applied in real soil samples from three vineyard areas of Cyprus (Omodos, Polemi, and Agros). Thirty-eight BVOCs were identified in total; among them acetone (0.65–5.96 μg/kg), hexane (0–0.50 μg/kg), heptane (0–0.18 μg/kg), trichloromethane (0.13–0.21 μg/kg), 1,2-dichloropropane (0.05–1.37 μg/kg), cyclohexane (0–0.26 μg/kg), benzene (0–0.51 μg/kg), toluene (0–0.54 μg/kg), p-xylene (0.15–0.97 μg/kg), and 1,3-di-tert-butyl-benzene (7.91–29.55 μg/kg) were quantified. The results revealed that the sampling vineyard location affects the BVOCs emissions in each soil. Also, vineyard elevation, soil pH, Ca, N, Zn, and Fe showed a significant correlation with the BVOCs emissions, which explains why vineyard soil regions are distinguished from each other, concluding that sample from Agros is the most abundant in BVOCs emissions.

It is now widely accepted that climate change is having a profound impact on the weather systems around the world. These, in turn, have a considerable effect on two important elements of the Tuscan economy: wine production and tourism. This case study sought to explore the relationship between the perception of Tuscan wine-producing agritourism owners of the potentially abstract notion of climate change and their concrete experiences as entrepreneurs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight wine-producing agritourism owners or managers in Val d'Orcia, a small area of Siena, Tuscany, and analysed thematically. The impact of climate change on the area's viticulture is undeniable but the responses to the challenges are more nuanced. Political leadership on the climate crisis appears absent and perhaps as a consequence, these small-scale operators lack knowledge and funds to enable them to plan ahead: they react often day-to-day to the immediate weather conditions rather than planning long term. While recognizing the difficulties they face from climate change as viticulturists, as agrotourism owners they welcome the longer seasons which enable them to open in the formerly barren shoulder seasons but struggle with last-minute cancellations due to unpredictable weather in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionClimate change has been driving warming trends and changes in precipitation patterns and regimes throughout Europe. Future projections indicate a continuation of these trends in the next decades. This situation is challenging the sustainability of viniculture and, thus, significant efforts towards adaptation should be then carried out by local winegrowers.MethodEcological Niche Models were built, using the ensemble modelling approach, to estimate the bioclimatic suitability of four main wine-producing European countries, namely France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, in the recent past (1989–2005), for the cultivation of twelve Portuguese grape varieties. The models were then used to project the bioclimatic suitability to two future periods (2021– 2050 and 2051–2080) to better understand the potential shifts related to climate change (modeled after Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios). The models were obtained with the modeling platform BIOMOD2, using four bioclimatic indices, namely the “Huglin Index”, the “Cool Night index”, the “Growing Season Precipitation index”, and the “Temperature Range during Ripening index” as predictor variables, as well as the current locations of the chosen grape varieties in Portugal.ResultsAll models performed with high statistical accuracy (AUC > 0.9) and were able to discriminate several suitable bioclimatic areas for the different grape varieties, in and around where they are currently located but also in other parts of the study area. The distribution of the bioclimatic suitability changed, however, when looking at future projections. For both climatic scenarios, projected bioclimatic suitability suffered a considerable shift to the north of Spain and France. In some cases, bioclimatic suitability also moved towards areas of higher elevation. Portugal and Italy barely retained any of the initially projected varietal areas. These shifts were mainly due to the overall rise in thermal accumulation and lower accumulated precipitation in the southern regions projected for the future.ConclusionEnsemble models of Ecological Niche Models were shown to be valid tools for winegrowers who want to adapt to a changing climate. The long-term sustainability of viniculture in southern Europe will most likely have to go through a process of mitigation of the effects of increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation.

Despite sustainable wine tourism being one of the hottest topics of the moment, there is still a considerable knowledge gap. If managed with due care and consideration of the region's carrying capacity, wine tourism can be an essential regional development tool for improving business performance, environmental awareness, and community values. On the other hand, it can be responsible for negative environmental impacts, creating local resentment. This paper explored and contextualized wine tourism and sustainable winegrowing practices in the Portuguese Douro wine region. The aim was to offer practical recommendations and directives for such a unique landscape. From the adoption of regenerative agriculture and natural-based solutions at the field level to engaging in sustainability wine programs or certification schemes integrating both sectors, it is indispensable to develop frameworks to assess sustainability performance, tourism development, and the impact on the local population. Nevertheless, to accomplish business success and territorial development, a win–win relationship between all stakeholders is foremost needed. The Douro region must therefore start by investing in stronger collaboration networks between local actors through careful and integrated planning so that the needs of all interested parties, including its residents, are considered and incorporated in future sustainable tourism initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compilación e análise de 839 refráns galegos básicos (sen contar variantes) referidos ó viño e recollidos de 282 informantes ou puntos de información que, en moitos casos, comentan a elaboración do viño, a súa conservación, bebida, efectos, utilización médica, calidade segundo as distintas zonas de produción en Galicia, antiga distribución polos arrieiros, maridaxe con certas comidas e tamén sobre a súa sacralización e outras crenzas populares. Artigo de homenaxe ós vinicultores galegos de toda a historia, que, seleccionando castes e refinando técnicas, aprendéronnos este oficio e arte; homenaxe tamén ós vinicultores actuais que souberon mellorar e presenta-los viños de Galicia ata facelos aprezar xa nos cinco continentes. // Compilation and research of 839 basic Galician proverbs (without counting variants) about wine. These Galician proverbs were collected from 282 people or points of information that comment on wine production, preservation, drinking effects, medical use, quality (depending on different production areas in Galicia), pairing to certain dishes, historical distribution of wine by mule drivers (‘arrieiros’) and also about its sacralization and other popular beliefs associated with Galician wine. This article is a tribute to historical and present-day Galician winemarkers and is at the same time trying to explain the socio economic effect of the current international prestige of Galician wines.

The European Water Framework Directive (EWFD) aims to achieve a good chemical status for the groundwater bodies in Europe by the year 2015. Despite the effort to reduce the nitrate pollution from agriculture within the last two decades, there are still many groundwater aquifers that exceed nitrate concentrations above the EWFD threshold of 50mgL⿿1. Viticulture is seen as a major contributor of nitrate leaching and sowing of a green cover was shown to have a positive effect on lowering the nitrate loads in the upper 90cm of the soil. However, the consequences for nitrate leaching into the subsoil were not yet tested. We analyzed the nitrate concentrations and pore water stable isotope composition (δ2H) to a depth of 380cm in soil profiles under an old vineyard and a young vineyard with either soil tillage or permanent green cover in between the grapevines. The pore water δ2H data was used to calibrate a soil physical model, which was then used to infer the age of the soil water at different depths. This way, we could relate elevated nitrate concentrations below an old vineyard to tillage processes that took place during the winter two years before the sampling. We further showed that the elevated nitrate concentration in the subsoil of a young vineyard can be related to the soil tillage prior to the planting of the new vineyard. If the soil was kept bare due to tillage, a nitrate concentration of 200kg NO3⿿-Nha⿿1 was found in 290⿿380cm depth 2.5 years after the set-up of the vineyard. The amount of nitrate leaching was considerably reduced due to a seeded green cover between the grapevines that took up a high share of the mineralized nitrate reducing a potential contamination of the groundwater.

The objective of this research is to explore the economic characteristics of the productive winegrowing sys-tem in Mendoza (Argentina) in a context of globalization in order to uncover the difference between the local technosphere and ecosphere. In a context of worldwide socioenvironmental crisis it is imperative to conduct an integral analysis of the productive system at all scales that seeks to redesign the technosphere within the current bio-physical limits. In order to accomplish this task, tools that stem from currents of critical environmental thinking, such as ecological economy and environmental history, were employed. The selected methodology is based on the triangulation of qualitative information, using documentary sources and specialized bibliography, with quantitative data from statistical official sources. The results demonstrate a divergent evolution in the past 30 years between this activity and regional development in terms of the pursuit of social wellbeing. The rent accumulation in the commercialization sector and increased possession of land by entrepreneurs is highlighted. In a parallel way, the intensification of the environmental impact and the downturn of the economic and social aspects can be observed as well.

Ancient Roman wine is found outside of the borders of the Roman world as a result of the Roman influence, trade and political relations. In our project, we decided to extensively research and recreate the ancient method of wine making in order to understand ancient viticulture and viniculture as it could have been if implemented outside of the borders. The objective was to recreate roman wine using ancient methods based on ancient texts (such as Columella, Pliny the Elder, Cicero, Cato the Elder, Galenus and Mago). The wine was made using modern grapes grown on lands considered by the Romans as barbaric (i.e., outside the Roman Limes), in modern Poland. The aim of the project—except for the wine making itself—was to measure the level of alcohol created through fermentation process. Ethanol levels in samples were obtained using gas chromatography (GC).

Copyright of Revista Confluências Culturais is the property of Fundacao Educacional da Regiao de Joinville - FURJ and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research is to explore the economic characteristics of the productive winegrowing system in Mendoza (Argentina) in a context of globalization in order to uncover the difference between the local technosphere and ecosphere. In a context of worldwide socioenvironmental crisis it is imperative to conduct an integral analysis of the productive system at all scales that seeks to redesign the technosphere within the current bio-physical limits. In order to accomplish this task, tools that stem from currents of critical environmental thinking, such as ecological economy and environmental history, were employed. The selected methodology is based on the triangulation of qualitative information, using documentary sources and specialized bibliography, with quantitative data from statistical official sources. The results demonstrate a divergent evolution in the past 30 years between this activity and regional development in terms of the pursuit of social wellbeing. The rent accumulation in the commercialization sector and increased possession of land by entrepreneurs is highlighted. In a parallel way, the intensification of the environmental impact and the downturn of the economic and social aspects can be observed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekonomika APK is the property of Economy of Argo-Industrial Complex and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TST - Transportes, Servicios y Telecomunicaciones is the property of Asociacion Iberica de Historia Ferroviaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Port wine is an internationally acclaimed fortified wine produced in Douro Demarcated Region (DDR) in Portugal, and recognized with protected designation of origin. This review represents a compilation of the known chromatic and aromatic descriptors of Port wine. A comprehensive review of literature is performed regarding the influence of geography, climate, soil, grapevine cultivars, and vitivinicultural practices on the unique Port wine attributes. This manuscript provides an extensive insight regarding the different aspects that influence the quality and uniqueness of Port wine, especially its main sensory attributes: colour, aroma, and flavour. Its main goal is to assess the importance of the DDR as a unique and defined terroir that ensures quality and confers authenticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presentation comprised first results of the evaluation of a sampling of earthworm populations at 8 sites of vine growing farms in Palatinate, Rheinhessen, Baden and at the Mosel river. The sites had been selected to cover criteria like the range of total copper contents and soil properties in the upper soil layer (0-20 cm), and practical aspects of sampling. Total abundance revealed to be a rather insensitive parameter at lower or medium copper loads. The relative distribution of abundance to life-forms and especially species diversity were much more sensitive parameters.

Viniculture is one the most developed branches of agriculture in the Middles Ages on the territory of Vojvodina, and grapevine is one of the oldest agricultural crops. Wine, a drink that is a product of cultivation of grapevine, and a spiritual beverage of divine provenance, has a varied use: it is used in everyday and special occasions, to celebrate the patron saint’s day and important events in the family, and it is indispensable in Christian customs and church rituals. In this paper, we consider the knowledge and data obtained through ethnological researches concerning the role of wine in certain Christian customs and transition ceremonies in a human life cycle. Customs related to childbirth, marriage and funerals are the most important transition ceremonies in a human life cycle, along with the celebrations of many Christian holidays in which wine is used without exception. While observing the customs that are part of those ceremonies, we may notice many very different matters concentrated in them. That is mostly a result of many intertwinings and syncretisms of customs. With time, mostly due to modern views and notions, some elements are forgotten, and some are re-established, but with a different meaning. Even today, in various religious systems it is considered that deities and demons, as well as higher forces, can be propitiated and won over with both blood and bloodless sacrifices. We may say that wine has a dual role: it represents libation, but also a substitute for blood, and blood sacrifice. In terms of mythology, grapevine is a sacred tree and a symbol of immortality, and wine – the beverage of gods – of youth and eternal life.

This article analyzes the viniculture and viticulture in the Czech Republic from the perspective of industry and predicts the outlook of Czech viniculture and viticulture until 2020. The first part of the article defines the methods and procedures of calculation and SWOT analysis. The contribution using the method of reliability bands predicts consumption of grapes per capita per year and further predicts sugar content in grapes during harvest in future years. Sugar content of grapes has been chosen as the indicator of quality of grapes and indicator of the level of wine growing systems. Based on an evaluation of the current state of viniculture and viticulture in the Czech Republic and results of statistical calculations it recommends in well-arranged way the basic directions of development of viniculture and viticulture. If the development does not deviate too much from statistically estimated parameters, it can be expected that viniculture and viticulture will develop successfully in the conditions existing in the Czech Republic as predicted by the article.

Los Pérez Medina constituían una familia de pequeños vitivinicultores como muchos otros del pueblo de Santa María de las Parras, en el septentrión de la Nueva España del siglo XVIII (México). Esta población, como otras de la Nueva Vizcaya, fue privilegiada con la exención de impuestos y alcabalas sobre la producción y comercio de sus cosecheros. Con una pequeña inversión inicial, Pablo José Pérez y María Josefa Medina compraron dos viñedos que redituaron lo suficiente como para procrear y sostener 10 hijos, comprar casa propia y multiplicar por diez el monto de sus bienes. La historia de esta familia se enlaza con la historia del trabajo fructífero en sus pequeños viñedosThe Pérez Medina, as many others, was a family of little wine and spirit producers in the small town of Santa Maria de las Parras, in northern XVIII century New Spain (Mexico). The wine and spirit producers of this town --as some others in Nueva Vizcaya-- were privileged with tax exemption (producing and commerce taxes). With a small initial investment, Pablo José Pérez and Maria Josefa Medina, his wife, bought two little vineyards that produced enough as to raise ten children, buy their own house and multiply ten times the total value of their possesions. The history of this family is interweaved with the history of the work in their little vineyards

The area of vineyards has increased to 19 261.5 hectares and the number of wine producers to 18.292 by 1 May 2004. This branch needs a long-term study that will lead to the establishment of the new politics for viniculture and wine-growing, related to the needs of the region. The trends are compared to the main European producer - France, and another country from the so called "New World"- the South African Republic. The researches are focused on the consumption of wine by population, share in the gross national product, employment in this branch, areas of vineyards, and number of wine-growers.

El estudio está centrado en dos aspectos relacionados con la instalación y desarrollo de la viticultura. Por un lado refiere al papel cumplido por una elite que operó desde una organización corporativa, la Asociación Rural del Uruguay, y su labor en la difusión de la viticultura. Por otra parte, el estudio indaga en la creación de redes de viñateros - en contacto o al margen de la elite- y los niveles de socialización de los conocimientos y prácticas de que eran portadores los inmigrantes europeos y canarios, así como sus conocimientos y experiencias adquiridas en Uruguay. Estos dos niveles no estaban totalmente incomunicados, y una de las funciones cumplidas por la ARU fue precisamente articularlos. En esta perspectiva de análisis, la investigación se detiene en el caso del Departamento de Salto que fuera, inicialmente, el primer productor en UruguayThe paper is focused on two dimensions of introduction and development of viniculture. On one hand, it briefly refers to the role of an elite starting from a corporative organization, the Asociación Rural del Uruguay (Rural Association of Uruguay), and its activity in disseminating viniculture. On the other hand, this study inquires into the creation of networks of vine-growers - in contact with, or at the margin of the elite- where knowledge and practices from abroad, brought by European and Canaries immigrants, as well as studies and experiences carried out in the Uruguayan soil were socialized. These two environments were not totally isolated, and one of ARU's accomplishments was precisely to try to articulate them. This perspective of the analysis investigates a particular case: Salto Department, which was initially, the first vine-growing region of Uruguay.

Today, no businesses can afford to ignore marketing, because it plays a very important role in every company. Last years entrepreneurs have started to feel the need of promotion their products and activities. Competition is high not just from abroad, but also in our country. In wine field customers can choose from many products and wine producers should try hard to survive. Using marketing tools is in this field as need as in any other businesses and without them there is not a big chance to be successful. Marketing tool is a mean of communication with a customer and a customer plays the most important role. Using the right marketing tools can make your brand special – different from the others. Doing marketing research helps companies to know their target group - customers that really buy or want to buy their products. Asking the right question in marketing research can help them to use the right marketing tools. In many cases it means to spend marketing budget the way that will truly communicate with their target group. Then there is just a short way to be successful – in our case in wine field.

The town of Sebil that became town in 1972 while it had been a forest village affiliated to Tarsus district of Mersin, it was affiliated to Çamlıyayla district in 1990. Whereas the town's economy based more upon woodworking and animal production until 1970s, vegetative production started to gain importance after these years. The vegetative production started with viticulture depended upon grapes, and then horticulture for fruits such as apple, peach, walnut, plum, etc. started to be popular. The orchard and vineyard agriculture was has been engaged in away from the residential area due to the field conditions in Sebil that has a collective settlement tapestry. This distance revealed the fact of vineyard houses. Workings in orchards and vineyards start nearly in March and can continue till to November according to the location or the species of the plant. Descriptive analysis method aiming to explain a current situation through the details which is also one of the qualitative research method was used to reveal the vineyard houses culture appeared as depending upon the hard physical and economic conditions. The data obtained from the participant observations and the field were supported through the data in the literature related to the subjective and were revealed through the descriptive analysis method. Emergence of vineyard houses, properties of the residences used as the vineyard house, the migrations between the town and vineyard houses, division of labor in vineyard houses, preparation for winter, the grown products, and assessment of these products were analyzed in details in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tokaj-Hegyalja wine region covers 890 sq km. Within the region grapes were and are grown on 4000-6600 hectares varying in time and location. Although Hegyalja. extending from Abaújszántó to Sátoraljaújhely, is a homogeneous grapes growing and wine producing region some differences can be found in its terrain, microclimate and soil. In other words the wines from the fields of different vineyards taste slightly different. As a matter of fact all slopes produce world famous high quality wines, but the most excellent wines are made from grapes grown on the southern slopes having the most extensive sunshine. In the order of wine quality western slopes are the second and eastern ones are the third while wines produced from vineyards of the hillfoot flat fields are of a bit lower quality. Due to the world-famous wines no wonder that Tokaj-Hegyalja region has become the first Historic Landscape of Hungary as well as part of the UNESCO World Heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mendoza, the Uco Valley was chosen by big entrepreneurs for setting up viticulture fields, irrigated with groundwater. With the approval of the provincial State to fight against desertification, the appearance of these entrepreneurs changes areas traditionally irrigated with surface waters. We analyze the provincial hydric policies, the modification of the agrarian structure, and how local producers are going through this process. We conclude that there is an alienation process of water, earth, and production that, nevertheless, is publicized by the State as the triumph of men over the advancement of desert and the lack of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transylvanian Saxon writings on wine and viniculture provide unusually informative insights as to the small East European community's responses to the impacts of modernization: loss of corporate privileges, minority status in first Habsburg Hungary and after the First World War, Romania, and increasing integration into a global economy. Transylvanian Saxons imbued wine with symbolic functions beyond its dietary or economic importance; viniculture and wine embodied Saxon aspirations and fears for the future. While ethnographers invoked the traditions embodied in wine to shore up Saxon status within Transylvania, economists extolled viniculture as an industry capable of modernization and a secure financial future for the community. Conversely, Saxon abstinence campaigners identified wine as the root of the Saxons' decline, and hoped to build a better future through its abolition. Through its symbolic roles, wine and viniculture reveal the potentials and limitations the Transylvanian Saxon community faced in confronting modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this effort an attempt was made to analyse the geographical factors i.e. their objective impact on viniculture and wine tourism in the renowned Tikvesh Basin, which represents a symbol of this type of activities in the Republic of Macedonia. The need of such analysis resulted from the fact that this region comprises 8 % of the Republic's territory and has established itself as an influential agricultural and economic region in the wider vicinity as well. For this purpose adequate methods were utilised such as: mathematical-statistical, cartographic, climatological, touristic, etc. One of the pillars of these research activities, which support the essential postulates of the effort, was the long-lasting terrain exploration. It all points to the final conclusion that the Tikvesh Basin features quite favourable natural and socio-geographical factors which enhance development of vine-growing, winery and wine tourism, whose outstanding potential has only modestly been utilised so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]