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Media coverage of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) often focuses excessively on challenges and deficits, influencing public perceptions, but there is little research on media portrayals of HBCU infractions. This study delves into the portrayal of Division I HBCU infractions from 2016 to 2020 through a textual analysis of 60 article headlines from local, regional, and national newspapers. The research examines general framing strategies, temporal changes, specific frames, prominent themes, and attribution of responsibility. Results indicate that the media often frames these infractions episodically rather than thematically over the 5-year span, with limited case details. The headlines emphasized specific issues of reprimand and redemption, often holding the organization accountable. Newspapers contribute to public opinion on athletic infractions by presenting these incidents in an engaging narrative. This study highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of how media shapes perceptions of HBCUs, especially in the context of athletic infractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how the perception of persuasive behaviors (polite, logical, displeased, angry) of an android robot is affected by situations regarding the context of violation (affecting oneself or others), and by subject traits, such as compliance awareness (CA) and agreeableness (AG). We conducted a video-based experiment based on a mixed-subjects design with 98 participants from the US and conducted a three-way mixed analysis of variance to investigate the impact of persuasive types and situation types (as within-subject factors), and the subject trait groups (CA or AG, as between-subject factors), on the subjective impressions of the persuasive behaviors by the android robot. Results showed that more negative behaviors (anger and displeasure) are appraised as being more appropriate and effective to persuade a violator in situations where the violation affects others, while no clear preference was found in a situation where the violation affects only oneself. Regarding the subject traits, participants with higher CA and lower AG would be willing to adhere to any persuasive behaviors, while their counterparts would dislike being persuaded through negative behaviors by the robot. These findings can be considered in future studies to develop cognitive models for generating situation-aware behaviors in social robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates judicial ethics violations in Indonesia and suggests remedies for the problem. It aims to understand the types and causes of these violations and inform potential legislative changes. The research methodology employed is a combination of qualitative and descriptive approaches. The study analyzes judicial commission court decisions on ethics violations by judges and conducts interviews with officers of the Judicial Commission of Indonesia. This approach allows for a thorough examination of the trends in ethical violations and the contributing factors. The main findings of the paper highlight the various forms of ethical violations, including lack of professionalism, discipline, fairness, honesty, and integrity. The research identifies factors such as intervention by court leaders, a culture emphasizing authority, lack of independence in familyrelated cases, and inadequate knowledge and culture of upholding professional principles as contributing to these violations. The conclusion emphasizes the need to strengthen external supervision by the Judicial Commission and to require the Supreme Court to obtain recommendations from the Judicial Commission before promoting judges. The paper highlights the relevance of its findings in informing potential amendments to legislation and promoting transparency, accountability, and ethical conduct among judges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) may be useful for communicating the intention of an autonomous vehicle (AV) to road users, but it is questionable whether an eHMI is effective in guiding the actual behavior of road users, as intended by the eHMI. To address this question, we developed a Unity game in which the player drove a conventional car and the AVs were operating with eHMIs. We examined the effects of different eHMI designs—namely, textual, graphical, and anthropomorphic—on the driving behavior of a player in a gaming environment, and compared it to one with no eHMI. Participants (N = 18) had to follow a specified route, using the typical keys for PC games. They encountered AVs with an eHMI placed on the rear window. Five scenarios were simulated for the specified routes: school safety zone; traffic island; yellow traffic light; waiting for passengers; and an approaching e-scooter. All scenarios were repeated three times (a total of 15 sessions per participant), and the eHMI was randomly generated among the four options. The behavior was determined by observing the number of violations in combination with keystrokes, fixations, and saccades. Their subjective evaluations of the helpfulness of the eHMI and their feelings about future AVs revealed their attitudes. Results showed that a total of 45 violations occurred, the most frequent one being exceeding the speed limit in the school safety zones (37.8%) when the eHMI was textual, anthropomorphic, graphical, and when there was no eHMI, in decreasing order; the next was collisions (33.3%), when the eHMI was anthropomorphic, none, or graphical. The rest were ignoring the red light (13.3%), crossing the stop line (13.3%), and violation of the central line (2.2%). More violations occurred when the eHMI was set to anthropomorphic, followed by no eHMI, graphical, and textual eHMI. The helpfulness of the five scenarios scored high (5.611 to 6.389) on a seven-point Likert scale, and there was no significant difference for the scenarios. Participants felt more positive about the future of AVs after their gaming experience (p = 0.049). We conclude that gazing at unfamiliar and ambiguous information on eHMIs may cause a loss of driver attention and control. We propose an adaptive approach in terms of timing and distance depending on the behavior of other road users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving driving behaviour can be a fruitful intervention to improve traffic safety. This paper proposes a method to determine a driving behaviour score (DBS) for each driver based on their driving history. For this purpose, a fuzzy inference system (FIS) was used to calculate DBS for every driver between 0 and 1. The input variables for this model are the frequency and severity of previous crashes, near-crash situations, and aberrant driving behaviours. The calculated DBS can then be applied in implementing usage-based insurance schemes. The proposed method is used for a case study in Kerman (Iran). For this purpose, 40 young drivers were recruited in an experiment to record their previous history of crashes, aberrant driving behaviours, as well as surrogate safety measures while driving on a specific route. According to the results, DBQ is a useful indicator to measure a driver's level of safe driving style since it considers the history of crashes, near-crash incidents and dangerous driving behaviours. In this study, DBQ was primarily affected by the frequency of previous crashes. In Iran, drivers with dangerous driving behaviours pay the same insurance premium as those with relatively safer driving habits. Due to the disregard of a complete driving history, the insurance premiums determination process is not fair. According to this paper, usage-based insurance pricing can become fair and dependent upon a driver's behaviour by using DBQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) may be useful for communicating the intention of an autonomous vehicle (AV) to road users, but it is questionable whether an eHMI is effective in guiding the actual behavior of road users, as intended by the eHMI. To address this question, we developed a Unity game in which the player drove a conventional car and the AVs were operating with eHMIs. We examined the effects of different eHMI designs—namely, textual, graphical, and anthropomorphic—on the driving behavior of a player in a gaming environment, and compared it to one with no eHMI. Participants (N = 18) had to follow a specified route, using the typical keys for PC games. They encountered AVs with an eHMI placed on the rear window. Five scenarios were simulated for the specified routes: school safety zone; traffic island; yellow traffic light; waiting for passengers; and an approaching e-scooter. All scenarios were repeated three times (a total of 15 sessions per participant), and the eHMI was randomly generated among the four options. The behavior was determined by observing the number of violations in combination with keystrokes, fixations, and saccades. Their subjective evaluations of the helpfulness of the eHMI and their feelings about future AVs revealed their attitudes. Results showed that a total of 45 violations occurred, the most frequent one being exceeding the speed limit in the school safety zones (37.8%) when the eHMI was textual, anthropomorphic, graphical, and when there was no eHMI, in decreasing order; the next was collisions (33.3%), when the eHMI was anthropomorphic, none, or graphical. The rest were ignoring the red light (13.3%), crossing the stop line (13.3%), and violation of the central line (2.2%). More violations occurred when the eHMI was set to anthropomorphic, followed by no eHMI, graphical, and textual eHMI. The helpfulness of the five scenarios scored high (5.611 to 6.389) on a seven-point Likert scale, and there was no significant difference for the scenarios. Participants felt more positive about the future of AVs after their gaming experience (p = 0.049). We conclude that gazing at unfamiliar and ambiguous information on eHMIs may cause a loss of driver attention and control. We propose an adaptive approach in terms of timing and distance depending on the behavior of other road users.

Mental contamination refers to feelings of dirtiness and/or urges to wash that arise without direct contact with a contaminant. Cognitive models propose that this results from “serious, negative misappraisals of perceived violations”. However, the specific violation misappraisals most relevant to mental contamination have yet to be established empirically, in part due to the lack of a comprehensive validated inventory of violation appraisals. Therefore, this study’s aim was to develop and validate such a measure. Items for the new Violation Appraisal Measure (VAM) were developed from qualitative interviews, theoretical models, and previous empirical work. An Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted in a sample of (n = 300) undergraduate participants, which revealed a four-factor structure: Responsibility/Self-Blame, Permanence, Mistrust, and Self-Worth. The VAM showed excellent internal consistency ($\alpha $α = 0.90), good convergent (r = .50 to .64) and adequate divergent (r = -.01 to .46) validity and was predictive of mental contamination symptoms over and above existing related appraisal measures, ${\rm{\Delta }}$ΔF(1,289) = 29.35, p < .001, ${\rm{\Delta }}$ΔR2 = 0.06. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis in a second sample of (n = 300) undergraduate students confirmed strong model fit for the four-factor structure of the VAM. The development of the VAM is an important contribution to the search for empirically based cognitive mechanisms in mental contamination and other violation-related sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictive processing (PP) stands as a predominant theoretical framework in neuroscience. While some efforts have been made to frame PP within a cognitive domain‐general network perspective, suggesting the existence of a "prediction network," these studies have primarily focused on specific cognitive domains or functions. The question of whether a domain‐general predictive network that encompasses all well‐established cognitive domains exists remains unanswered. The present meta‐analysis aims to address this gap by testing the hypothesis that PP relies on a large‐scale network spanning across cognitive domains, supporting PP as a unified account toward a more integrated approach to neuroscience. The Activation Likelihood Estimation meta‐analytic approach was employed, along with Meta‐Analytic Connectivity Mapping, conjunction analysis, and behavioral decoding techniques. The analyses focused on prediction incongruency and prediction congruency, two conditions likely reflective of core phenomena of PP. Additionally, the analysis focused on a prediction phenomena‐independent dimension, regardless of prediction incongruency and congruency. These analyses were first applied to each cognitive domain considered (cognitive control, attention, motor, language, social cognition). Then, all cognitive domains were collapsed into a single, cross‐domain dimension, encompassing a total of 252 experiments. Results pertaining to prediction incongruency rely on a defined network across cognitive domains, while prediction congruency results exhibited less overall activation and slightly more variability across cognitive domains. The converging patterns of activation across prediction phenomena and cognitive domains highlight the role of several brain hubs unfolding within an organized large‐scale network (Dynamic Prediction Network), mainly encompassing bilateral insula, frontal gyri, claustrum, parietal lobules, and temporal gyri. Additionally, the crucial role played at a cross‐domain, multimodal level by the anterior insula, as evidenced by the conjunction and Meta‐Analytic Connectivity Mapping analyses, places it as the major hub of the Dynamic Prediction Network. Results support the hypothesis that PP relies on a domain‐general, large‐scale network within whose regions PP units are likely to operate, depending on the context and environmental demands. The wide array of regions within the Dynamic Prediction Network seamlessly integrate context‐ and stimulus‐dependent predictive computations, thereby contributing to the adaptive updating of the brain's models of the inner and external world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are exclusive rights granted by the state to individuals or groups to safeguard their intellectual works. Such works may include inventions, works of art, writings, designs, and trademarks, among others. In Indonesia, IPR is regulated by several laws, including the Patents Law (Law Number 13 of 2016), Copyright Law (Law Number 28 of 2014), and Marks and Geographical Indications Law (Law Number 20 of 2016), among others. These rights encompass copyrights, patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, and other related rights. The purpose of IPR protection is to encourage innovation and creativity by providing legal protection for the fruits of intellectual labor, thereby enabling individuals and organizations to reap the benefits of their efforts. The research method used to write this is a normative legal research method. This study found that copyright infringement of two-dimensional artwork and NFT is a form of crime in the digital economy caused by weak legal regulations in cyberspace. Although regulated by the Copyright Law and ITE, protection of digital artwork in Indonesia is still inadequate. This study emphasizes the need for more comprehensive regulations to protect digital artwork and NFT in Indonesia. Stronger regulations will help prevent copyright infringement, provide legal certainty for creators, and strengthen Indonesia's position in the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of society into the information era, propelled by globalization and technological advancements, has transformed social behaviors and interactions, giving rise to the concept of an "information society." However, the proliferation of communication technology, while beneficial, has also presented challenges in ensuring responsible usage. This study explores the application of Restorative Justice Approaches in addressing violations of electronic information and transaction laws in Indonesia. Through a Systematic Literature Review method, five relevant studies were analyzed, revealing the efficacy and versatility of Restorative Justice in resolving various cybercrimes, including defamation, hate speech, dissemination of false information, and pornography. Despite its benefits, challenges such as disagreements among involved parties, resource limitations, and regulatory gaps hinder the effective implementation of Restorative Justice. Addressing these obstacles is crucial for fostering fair reconciliation and optimizing outcomes in resolving electronic information and transaction law violations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prolegómenos Derechos y Valores is the property of Prolegomenos Derechos y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Violation represents one of the main properties of poetics. The concept of poetics is multi-dimensional due to different linguistic usage in the text. The structural violation is dominant in the poetic text. What we realize in Majid Al-Hassan’s poetry is the use of the lexical item that is transferred to a symbol making use of linguistic violation to convey vast spaces of meaning by changing it to a textual symbol full of discourse and expressive charge that takes them to far horizons away from their independent existence in the text . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Open burning poses a significant threat to human health and the environment by releasing hazardous chemicals and exacerbating plastic pollution. Urgent action is required to address its pervasive impact and the substantial release of gaseous pollutants. Limited research has explored the demographic aspect of open burning behavior, with none specifically conducted in Kentucky. An analysis of open burning complaints reported to the Kentucky Division for Air Quality in 2015, 2019, and 2021 revealed no significant differences in reported incidents by month and county. Binary logistic regression analyses identified the urban vs rural divide as significant predictors of open burning incidents, while violations were influenced by both urban and rural factors and average household income. Unemployment rates and the percentage of individuals with less than a high school diploma did not significantly predict open burning violations. Targeted interventions at the state and local level, focusing on rural areas and economically disadvantaged communities, can effectively address and mitigate open burning issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a reality that is already threatening our existence, and it could not be ignored anymore. Every day, on television, at the radio, at work, on the streets, in schools and universities, at home, we discuss about climate change and its effects on our planet and on our lives. The politicians and the governments worldwide are addressing this matter more or less, but from the decisions taken, we can easily notice that the measures taken (if they are taken) are not sufficient to counteract climate change. Therefore, in our opinion, states worldwide are failing to do what is necessary to counteract climate change. Through the state’s actions or, even worse, their inaction, on one part, they violate human rights, and, on the other part, they decrease the chances of ensuring a bright future that is worth living for the future generations on earth. This is why, nowadays, more and more people, worldwide, young or elder, living in a state at risk or not, are taking these states to court, arguing that their individual rights were violated because of the States’ failure to take sufficient measures to combat climate change. Since 2021, for the first time, the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg was faced with the responsibility of holding CoE Member States accountable for violating human rights by not taking such sufficient measures - in Duarte Agostinho and Others v. Portugal and Others and in Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland. On April 9th, 2024, ECtHR has delivered its Grand Chamber rulings in these two climate change cases. This study will attempt to analyse the legal consequences of these rulings. What is the Strasbourg Court vision on climate change?

Open burning poses a significant threat to human health and the environment by releasing hazardous chemicals and exacerbating plastic pollution. Urgent action is required to address its pervasive impact and the substantial release of gaseous pollutants. Limited research has explored the demographic aspect of open burning behavior, with none specifically conducted in Kentucky. An analysis of open burning complaints reported to the Kentucky Division for Air Quality in 2015, 2019, and 2021 revealed no significant differences in reported incidents by month and county. Binary logistic regression analyses identified the urban vs rural divide as significant predictors of open burning incidents, while violations were influenced by both urban and rural factors and average household income. Unemployment rates and the percentage of individuals with less than a high school diploma did not significantly predict open burning violations. Targeted interventions at the state and local level, focusing on rural areas and economically disadvantaged communities, can effectively address and mitigate open burning issues.

Background: Bipolar mood disorder (BMD) with a lifetime history of Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) characterized by a particularly neuropsychological profile. This study aimed to clarify whether there is a difference between BMD patients with ADHD and BMD patients without ADHD in terms of neuropsychological functioning.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 68 samples (24 patients had BMD with ADHD and 44 patients had BMD) selected based on the target sampling during a year (March 2014 to March 2015). Tower of London (ToL) task, Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were used for assessing neuropsychological functioning in participants. All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 software.Results: The results revealed that the BMD with ADHD group was not more impaired than the BMD group on two measures of executive functioning TOL and CPT. The BMD in the ADHD group was more impaired than the BMD group on WCST.Conclusion: This study will be effective in understanding whether the cognitive flexibility impairments often detected in adult BMD are partially the result of lifetime ADHD.

Background: Although medical errors in the clinical system are a common cause of lawsuits against physicians, ethical violations have been reported at an alarming pace. We conducted this study to determine the frequency of ethical issues related to patientphysician relationships in registered complaints in three teaching hospitals in Kerman, Iran, from 2015 to 2018.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we extracted data from all complaint cases registered in the complaints offices. The data were categorized according to ethical issues in the physicianpatient relationship including breaching confidentiality, not telling the truth to the patient, not obtaining informed consent, abandoning further treatment, causing unnecessary expenses, violating privacy, and not respecting the patient; then, we compared them according to our objectives using SPSS software.Results: The results showed that 51.7% of the physicians who had been sued were male, and 30.2% of all of them were general surgeons. The most common ethical issues were related to not respecting the patient (49.7%), abandoning further treatment (25.5%), not telling the truth to the patient (14.1%), and not obtaining informed consent (5.4%).Conclusion: The complaints received in three teaching hospitals can reveal the disregard for ethical codes, and irresponsible behavior among healthcare providers may endanger the patients’ safety and increase the likelihood of injury in these hospitals. Further studies are recommended to determine the factors that influence ethical violation in the healthcare setting.

Social interaction is organized around norms and preferences that guide our construction of actions and our interpretation of those of others, creating a reflexive moral order. Sociological theory suggests two possibilities for the type of moral order that underlies the policing of interactional norm and preference violations: a morality that focuses on the nature of violations themselves and a morality that focuses on the positioning of actors as they maintain their conduct's comprehensibility, even when they depart from norms and preferences. We find that actors are more likely to reproach interactional violations for which an account is not provided by the transgressor, and that actors weakly reproach or let pass first offenses while more strongly policing violators who persist in bad behavior. Based on these findings, we outline a theory of interactional policing that rests not on the nature of the violation but rather on actors' moral positioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bell inequalities are pillars of quantum physics in that their violations imply that certain properties of quantum physics (e.g., entanglement) cannot be represented by any classical picture of physics. In this article Bell inequalities and their violations are considered through the lens of noncommutative polynomial optimization. Optimality of these violations is certified for a large ma jority of a set of standard Bell inequalities, denoted A2--A89 in the literature. The main techniques used in the paper include the NPA hierarchy, i.e., the noncommutative version of the Lasserre semidefinite programming (SDP) hierarchies based on the Helton--McCullough Positivstellensatz, the Gelfand--Naimark--Segal (GNS) construction with a novel use of the Artin--Wedderburn theory for rounding and projecting, and nonlinear programming (NLP). A new "Newton chip""-like technique for reducing sizes of SDPs arising in the constructed polynomial optimization problems is presented. This technique is based on conditional expectations. Finally, noncommutative Grobner bases are exploited to certify when an optimizer (a solution yielding optimum violation) cannot be extracted from a dual SDP solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this paper is examining the impact of globalization on human rights, focusing on the tragic Rana Plaza collapse in Bangladesh. Globalization has led to increased international trade and investment, but it has also raised concerns about its potential negative impacts on human rights, such as labor exploitation and unsafe working conditions. A qualitative case study approach was used, involving government official documents, and human rights activists' campaigns. The findings indicate that the pursuit of profit and cost reduction in a globalized economy has contributed to the erosion of labor rights in Bangladesh. The Rana Plaza collapse revealed systemic failures in safety regulations, labor law enforcement, and corporate accountability. The disaster had a devastating impact on human lives and deepened social inequalities. To mitigate the negative impacts of globalization on human rights, the study recommends to strengthen labor laws and enforcement mechanisms, promote responsible business practices and fair labor policies, enhance workers' rights to organize and bargain collectively, increase investment in worker safety and health, provide access to justice and compensation for victims of labor rights violations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experimental study of artificial language learning has become a widely used means of investigating the predictions of theories of language learning and representation. Although much is now known about the generalizations that learners make from various kinds of data, relatively little is known about how those representations affect speech processing. This paper presents an event-related potential (ERP) study of brain responses to violations of lab-learned phonotactics. Novel words that violated a learned phonotactic constraint elicited a larger Late Positive Component (LPC) than novel words that satisfied it. Similar LPCs have been found for violations of natively acquired linguistic structure, as well as for violations of other types of abstract generalizations, such as musical structure. We argue that lab-learned phonotactic generalizations are represented abstractly and affect the evaluation of speech in a manner that is similar to natively acquired syntactic and phonological rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the temporal trends of conceptualizations of psychological contract breaches and violations in organizations and their outcomes. Thus, it is envisaged to provide a deep insight into the related topic and to contribute to the elucidation of unexplored aspects by guiding a comprehensive understanding of the perceptual underlying phenomenon. In this study, the topic-modeling method, one of the text-mining methods, using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm was used to gain insights into the main topics on which studies on psychological contract breaches and violations were conducted. Within the framework of the purpose, this study reveals the topics belonging to the concept of psychological contract breaches and violations in organizations. In addition, the titles of these topics, the changes in the interest in these topics over the years, and especially during the COVID-19 outbreak, have been revealed. The ’findings of the study indicate that future research should focus on the affective outcomes of psychological contract breaches and violations in organizations. In addition, future studies can be conducted in which the topics that have reached research saturation in the current study are addressed together with the topics that need research attention.

Abstract: Every child, including children with stunting, has the right to grow and develop. It has been stated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and agreed upon by all participating countries, including Indonesia. The rights of children with stunting must be seen as the same rights as the rights of children who grow up healthily and optimally. Therefore, the state and parents are obliged to respect, protect, and fulfil the child’s rights. Community Health Centers (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat/Puskesmas), health service providers owned by the government, are responsible for realizing the rights of children with stunting. The problem found is that the prevalence of children with stunting in Indonesia in 2018 was 30.8% which is considered high (the WHO recommended prevalence limit is 20%). In addition, the lack of seriousness in stunting management also occurred in the work area of the Pegang Baru Community Health Center, Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province. Many stunting management programs are not carried out based on Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) which is considered only as a formality. In writing this conceptual article, a normative juridical approach was used by using secondary legal sources. The current state of stunting in Indonesia shows a violation of the right to grow and develop as well as the right to obtain proper health services for children with stunting by the state through the health centre as a functional unit. Abstrak: Setiap anak, termasuk anak stunting, mempunyai hak untuk tumbuh dan berkembang. Hal ini telah tertuang dalam Konvensi Hak Anak dan disepakati oleh seluruh negara peserta, termasuk Indonesia. Hak anak stunting harus dilihat sebagai hak yang sama dengan hak anak untuk tumbuh sehat dan optimal. Oleh karena itu, negara dan orang tua wajib menghormati, melindungi, dan memenuhi hak-hak anak. Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat/Puskesmas), penyedia layanan kesehatan milik pemerintah, bertanggung jawab untuk mewujudkan hak-hak anak stunting. Permasalahan yang ditemukan adalah prevalensi anak stunting di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 sebesar 30,8% tergolong tinggi (batas prevalensi yang direkomendasikan WHO adalah 20%). Selain itu, kurang seriusnya penanganan stunting juga terjadi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pegang Baru, Kabupaten Pasaman, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Banyak program penanganan stunting yang tidak dilaksanakan berdasarkan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) yang dianggap hanya sekedar formalitas. Dalam penulisan artikel konseptual ini digunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan sumber hukum sekunder. Kondisi stunting di Indonesia saat ini menunjukkan adanya pelanggaran terhadap hak tumbuh dan berkembang serta hak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan yang layak bagi anak stunting yang dilakukan oleh negara melalui puskesmas sebagai unit fungsional.

Resource user compliance is a key element in effective fisheries management. Herein, we examine two decades of enforcement records pertaining to Atlantic salmon from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Illegal incidents were negatively correlated with the number of licensed anglers but not salmon abundance. Over two decades, illegal incidents declined by 66%, even after correcting for the positive relationship between enforcement effort and illegal incidents. This decline was primarily driven by a 67% reduction in netting and jigging‐related violations, which were likely to impose the highest levels of mortality on adult salmon among violations examined. Additionally, illegal incidents and violation types did not increase as a result of management changes. While Newfoundland and Labrador remains one of the last strongholds for Atlantic salmon, we encourage other jurisdictions to monitor fisheries compliance to better understand the social‐ecological landscape that is crucial to supporting healthy fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In South Africa, promises and legal progress notwithstanding, homophobia is still pervasive. LGBTQIA people experience serious rights violations, according to an analysis of numerous literary sources, especially journals, which was done for this article. They also encounter problems with their physical and mental well-being, face stigma and discrimination, and are not allowed to participate in cultural customs like customary male circumcision. It has been demonstrated that social work can be vital in ensuring that LGBTQIA people are able to exercise their rights, educate the public, and push for severe punishments for homophobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pacha: Revista de Estudios Contemporáneos del Sur Global is the property of PACHA REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS DEL SUR GLOBAL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The neutrino sector offers one of the most sensitive probes of new physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SM). The mechanism of neutrino mass generation is still unknown. The observed suppression of neutrino masses hints at a large scale, conceivably of the order of the scale of a rand unified theory (GUT), which is a unique feature of neutrinos that is not shared by the charged fermions. The origin of neutrino masses and mixing is part of the outstanding puzzle of fermion masses and mixings, which is not explained ab initio in the SM. Flavor model building for both quark and lepton sectors is important in order to gain a better understanding of the origin of the structure of mass hierarchy and flavor mixing, which constitute the dominant fraction of the SM parameters. Recent activities in neutrino flavor model building based on non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries and modular flavor symmetries have been shown to be a promising direction to explore. The emerging models provide a framework that has a significantly reduced number of undetermined parameters in the flavor sector. In addition, such a framework affords a novel origin of C P violation from group theory due to the intimate connection between physical C P transformation and group theoretical properties of non-Abelian discrete groups. Model building based on non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries and their modular variants enables the particle physics community to interpret the current and anticipated upcoming data from neutrino experiments. Non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries and their modular variants can result from compactification of a higher-dimensional theory. Pursuit of flavor model building based on such frameworks thus also provides the connection to possible UV completions: in particular, to string theory. We emphasize the importance of constructing models in which the uncertainties of theoretical predictions are smaller than, or at most compatible with, the error bars of measurements in neutrino experiments. While there exist proof-of-principle versions of bottom-up models in which the theoretical uncertainties are under control, it is remarkable that the key ingredients of such constructions were discovered first in top-down model building. We outline how a successful unification of bottom-up and top-down ideas and techniques may guide us towards a new era of precision flavor model building in which future experimental results can give us crucial insights into the UV completion of the SM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, bicycles are a popular mode of transportation for senior citizens. A disproportionate number of traffic-related fatalities and injuries involve cyclists. The violation of cycling laws is a significant cause of cyclist crashes. Few studies have analyzed the cycling violation behaviour of seniors. Therefore, it is essential to examine the factors that influence older individuals' intention to engage in cycling violation behaviours. In this study, the effects of social-demographic characteristics, the exogenous constructs in the health belief model (HBM), and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) on senior cyclists' violation intention were investigated using hierarchical regression analysis. Interviews were conducted with older cyclists in urban areas of Wuhan City, all above 60 years of age. The results showed that very little variance in behavioural intention could be explained by social-demographic factors. The TPB has a significantly greater capacity than the HBM to explain variance in behavioural intention. Perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, cues to action, subjective norm and attitude significantly impacted behavioural intention, whereas perceived severity, perceived barrier and self-efficacy did not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social interaction is organized around norms and preferences that guide our construction of actions and our interpretation of those of others, creating a reflexive moral order. Sociological theory suggests two possibilities for the type of moral order that underlies the policing of interactional norm and preference violations: a morality that focuses on the nature of violations themselves and a morality that focuses on the positioning of actors as they maintain their conduct's comprehensibility, even when they depart from norms and preferences. We find that actors are more likely to reproach interactional violations for which an account is not provided by the transgressor, and that actors weakly reproach or let pass first offenses while more strongly policing violators who persist in bad behavior. Based on these findings, we outline a theory of interactional policing that rests not on the nature of the violation but rather on actors' moral positioning.

Background: Although Nigeria’s 2023 general campaigns featured prominently on social media, limited studies have examined the violation of the law of defamation in the process. Objective: This study examines the violation of the law of defamation in social media campaigns during the 2023 general election in Nigeria. Method: The study used a descriptive survey, and the sample consisted of 321 active social media users with a background in law. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, while analyses were done using percentages, mean, and standard deviation, as well as an independent t-test. The results were presented in charts and tables. Result: The majority (52%) of the participants indicated that the law of defamation was violated on social media to a large extent during the 2023 general election campaigns in Nigeria. The participants indicated that there were more violations in the presidential election than in the governorship election. Also, there were more violations in the National Assembly election than in the State Assembly. Overall, there were more violations in the presidential election than in all the other categories of elections examined. Contribution: This study has provided empirical evidence for understanding how social media use in politics has led to the violation of the law of defamation during electioneering campaigns. Conclusion: The law of defamation was violated on social media during the 2023 electioneering campaigns.

Despite the fact that Ukraine has a legislative framework in the field of intellectual property, some issues remain unresolved, in particular, it is important to improve the mechanisms for protecting intellectual rights, among which one of the most effective is confiscation. The purpose of the study is to explore the existing problems of criminal law and administrative law confiscation as a special feature of the protection of intellectual property rights. Key research methods include dialectical analysis, which helped obtain the most objective information about problematic processes and phenomena related to confiscation as a special feature of intellectual property protection, and deduction and induction, used to examine regulations. The paper analyses the state of legal protection of intellectual property rights and measures taken by the state to reform the intellectual property system. Attention is drawn to the fact that public relations in the studied area relate to criminal and administrative legal mechanisms related to confiscation. It is noted that depending on the violated regulation, criminal or administrative confiscation is applied to the violator. The paper analyses Ukrainian and foreign regulations that focus on one of the types of ensuring intellectual property rights – confiscation as a special feature of protecting intellectual property rights. Certain shortcomings of the Ukrainian legislation are noted, and it is proposed to make changes to it. Circumstances that motivate the examination of the legislative reflection of confiscation as a special feature of intellectual property protection are outlined. The findings of the study can be utilised by lawyers and officials of law enforcement and other state bodies responsible for confiscation measures directly related to the protection of intellectual property rights. Individual conclusions can serve as a basis for further research on confiscation as a special feature of the protection of intellectual property rights, and proposals can serve to improve the relevant legislation