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25 results on '"visible and IR photons (vacuum)"'

1. Measurement of the angular distribution of wavelength-shifted light emitted by TPB

Author

Schrott, J, Sakai, M, Naugle, S, Gann, GD Orebi, Kravitz, S, McKinsey, D, and Smith, RJ

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Interaction of radiation with matter, Noble liquid detectors, Photoemission, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

We present measurements of the angular distribution of re-emitted light from tetraphenyl butadiene thin films when exposed to 128 nm light, which is the peak of the liquid Argon (LAr) scintillation spectrum, in vacuum. Films ranging from 250 nm to 5.5 μm in thickness are measured. All films were fabricated by evaporation deposition on ultraviolet transmitting (UVT) acrylic substrates. Preliminary comparisons of the angular distribution to that produced by a detailed Monte Carlo model are also presented. The current shortcomings of the model are discussed and future plans briefly outlined.

Published
2021

2. The ABALONE photosensor

Author

D'Andrea, V., Biondi, R., Ferrari, C., Ferella, A. D., Mahlstedt, Jörn, Pieramico, G., D'Andrea, V., Biondi, R., Ferrari, C., Ferella, A. D., Mahlstedt, Jörn, and Pieramico, G.

Abstract

The ABALONE is a new type of photosensor produced by PhotonLab, Inc. with cost effective mass production, robustness and high performance. This modern technology provides sensitivity to visible and UV light, exceptional radio-purity and excellent detection performance in terms of intrinsic gain, afterpulsing rate, timing resolution and single-photon sensitivity. For these reasons, the ABALONE can have many fields of application, including particle physics experiments, such as DARWIN, and medical imaging. This new hybrid photosensor, that works as light intensifier, is based on the acceleration in vacuum of photoelectrons generated in a traditional photosensor cathode and guided towards a window of scintillating material that can be read from the outside through a silicon photomultiplier. In this work we present the simulation of the ABALONE and the results from operation at room temperature. The goal of the characterization is the evaluation of the gain, the response in time and the single photoelectron spectrum as a function of the electric field and the photoelectron emission angle. Details of future tests will be also discussed.

Published
2022
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3. Rapid subduction in the deep North Western Mediterranean

Author

C. Richardt, D. Dornic, D. Lo Presti, G.E. Păvălaş, M. Morganti, Oleg Kalekin, Isabelle Taupier-Letage, K. Lyons, M. Circella, Uli Katz, A. Mazure, G. Halladjian, D. Zaborov, M. Ardid, A. Radu, Francisco Camarena, J. Hößl, H. Laschinsky, C. Curtil, A. Albert, M. Neff, Gisela Anton, Robert Lahmann, Vincenzo Cavasinni, C. Distefano, C. Donzaud, B. Vallage, A. Brown, U. Fritsch, Antonio Capone, P. Payre, C. M. Reed, Annarita Margiotta, J. J. Aubert, Jürgen Brunner, J.-L. Fuda, Maurizio Spurio, Anne Deschamps, R. Pillet, U. Emanuele, A.J. Heijboer, J. Carr, F. M. Schoeck, M. P. Decowski, C. Racca, F. Salesa, L. Tasca, Thierry Pradier, G. Guillard, J.J. Hernández-Rey, Gregory David Hallewell, H. Loehner, G. Lelaizant, C. Picq, S. Loucatos, Dominique Lefèvre, S.F. Biagi, E. A. De Wolf, Holger Motz, S. Basa, Vincent Bertin, M. Marcelin, N. Picot-Clemente, R. Auer, Juanan Aguilar, R. Ostasch, G. Wijnker, Manuela Vecchi, Ciro Bigongiari, Heide Costantini, Alexander Kappes, G. Riccobene, D. Castel, G.V. Russo, V. Flaminio, G. De Bonis, Giuseppina Larosa, J.P. Gómez-González, I. Dekeyser, F. Lucarelli, Jos Steijger, V. Van Elewyck, F. Fehr, Gilles Maurin, P. Vernin, Rezo Shanidze, P. Coyle, J. Zúñiga, Thomas Eberl, V. Popa, W. Kretschmer, J. P. Schuller, M.C. Bouwhuis, M. Rujoiu, Stephanie Escoffier, M. Bazzotti, J.-P. Ernenwein, P. Piattelli, Simona Toscano, K. Fratini, Manuel Bou-Cabo, Francesco Simeone, N. Cottini, Patrick Lamare, A. C.S. Assis Jesus, Tri L. Astraatmadja, Th. Stolarczyk, S. Anvar, S. Mangano, Yann Hello, Guillaume Lambard, J.A. Martínez-Mora, H. van Haren, E. Castorina, Kay Graf, Christian Tamburini, Ph. Charvis, J. Petrovic, G. Giacomelli, C. Naumann, G. Palioselitis, B. Baret, Doriane Drouhin, Antoine Kouchner, M. Melissas, H. Yepes, E. Presani, Tommaso Chiarusi, C. Kopper, Teresa Montaruli, R. Coniglione, J.D. Zornoza, Nasser Kalantar-Nayestanaki, M. de Jong, M. Anghinolfi, J. Busto, L. Moscoso, S. Cecchini, G. Lim, P. Kooijman, G. Carminati, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille (COM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Convection, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Subduction, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Cherenkov detectors, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Vortex, Boundary current, law.invention, Telescope, Acoustic Doppler current profiler, Amplitude, Oceanography, Water column, law, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Neutrino detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Photon detectors for UV, Geology
Abstract

An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) moored at the deep-sea ANTARES neutrino telescope site near Toulon, France, measured downward vertical currents of amplitudes up to 0.03 m s−1 in spring 2006. The currents were accompanied by enhanced levels of acoustic reflection by a factor of about 10 and by horizontal currents reaching 0.35 m s−1. These observations coincided with high levels of bioluminescence detected by the telescope. Although during winter 2006 deep dense-water formation occurred in this area, episodes of high levels of suspended particles and large vertical currents continuing into the summer are not direct evidence of this process. It is hypothesized that the main process allowing for particles to be moved across the entire water column (2500 m) within a few days, is local convection, triggered by small-mesoscale phenomena, such as meanders including a bipolar vortex, linked with boundary current instabilities.

Published
2022

4. Characteristic properties of Planacon MCP-PMTs

Author

Melikyan, Y.A., Slupecki, M., Bearden, I.G., Crowley, J.R., Finogeev, D.A., Garcia-Solis, E.J., Guard, A.E., Harton, A.V., Kaplin, V.A., Karavicheva, T.L., Klay, J.L., Morgan, I., Morozov, I.V., Serebryakov, D.V., Stempek, R., Trzaska, W.H., Vozniuk, N.O., and Helsinki Institute of Physics

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Cherenkov detectors, photon detectors for UV, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 114 Physical sciences, Instrumentation, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Mathematical Physics
Abstract

A systematic investigation of Planacon MCP-PMTs was performed using 64 XP85002/FIT-Q photosensors. These devices are equipped with microchannel plates of reduced resistance. Results of a study of their gain stability over time and saturation level in terms of the average anode current are presented. This information allows one to determine the lower limit of the MCP resistance for stable Planacon operation. The spread of the electron multiplication characteristics for the entire production batch is also presented, indicating the remarkably low voltage requirements of these MCP-PMTs. Detection efficiency and noise characteristics, such as dark count rate and afterpulsing level, are also reviewed., To be published in JINST

Published
2021
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5. Improved quality tests of R11410-21 photomultiplier tubes for the XENONnT experiment

Author

Antochi, Vasile C., Baudis, L., Bollig, J., Brown, A., Budnik, R., Cichon, D., Conrad, Jan, Ferella, Alfredo D., Galloway, M., Hoetzsch, L., Kazama, S., Koltman, G., Landsman, H., Lindner, M., Mahlstedt, Jörn, Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Pelssers, Bart, Volta, G., Wack, O., Wulf, J., Antochi, Vasile C., Baudis, L., Bollig, J., Brown, A., Budnik, R., Cichon, D., Conrad, Jan, Ferella, Alfredo D., Galloway, M., Hoetzsch, L., Kazama, S., Koltman, G., Landsman, H., Lindner, M., Mahlstedt, Jörn, Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Pelssers, Bart, Volta, G., Wack, O., and Wulf, J.

Abstract

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are often used in low-background particle physics experiments, which rely on an excellent response to single-photon signals and stable long-term operation. In particular, the Hamamatsu R11410 model is the light sensor of choice for liquid xenon dark matter experiments, including XENONnT. The same PMT model was also used for the predecessor, XENON1T, where issues affecting its long-term operation were observed. Here, we report on an improved PMT testing procedure which ensures optimal performance in XENONnT. Using both new and upgraded facilities, we tested 368 new PMTs in a cryogenic xenon environment. We developed new tests targeted at the detection of light emission and the degradation of the PMT vacuum through small leaks, which can lead to spurious signals known as afterpulses, both of which were observed in XENON1T. We exclude the use of 26 of the 368 tested PMTs and categorise the remainder according to their performance. Given that we have improved the testing procedure, yet we rejected fewer PMTs, we expect significantly better PMT performance in XENONnT.

Published
2021
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6. Design of the MiniCLEAN dark matter search veto detector subsystem.

Author

Abruzzio, Robert, Buck, Benjamin, Jaditz, Stephen, Kelsey, James, Monroe, Jocelyn, and Palladino, Kimberly

Subjects
*DARK matter, *PHOTOMULTIPLIERS, *DATA acquisition systems, *PHOTON detectors
Abstract

This paper describes the design of the active muon veto subsystem for the MiniCLEAN dark matter direct detection experiment at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The water-filled veto is instrumented with 48 PMTs which are read out by front-end electronics to time multiplex 48 photomultiplier channels into 6 digitizer channels and provide an instantaneous hit sum across the subsystem (N-Hit) for the veto trigger. We describe the primary system components: the PMTs, the support structure, the front-end electronics, and the data acquisition system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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7. In-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge response of the IceCube photomultiplier tubes

Author

M.G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J.A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S.W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J.J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D.Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, J. Buscher, R.S. Busse, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G.H. Collin, J.M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D.F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J.J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K.D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J.C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, P.A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A.R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T.K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J.G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Günder, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G.C. Hill, K.D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, G.S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B.J.P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J.L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S.R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D.J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J.L. Lanfranchi, M.J. Larson, F. Lauber, J.P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, M. Leuermann, Q.R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C.J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W.Y. Ma, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K.B.M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, K. Mallot, S. Mancina, I.C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R.W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, P. Muth, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, M.U. Nisa, S.C. Nowicki, D.R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, A. O'Murchadha, E. O'Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D.V. Pankova, N. Park, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, P.B. Price, G.T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I.C. Rea, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S.E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F.G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G.M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, P. Steinmüller, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R.G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N.L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G.W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C.F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C.F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M.A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, J. van Santen, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, T.B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M.J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, B.J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C.H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D.R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T.R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D.L. Xu, X.W. Xu, Y. Xu, J.P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, M. Zöcklein, Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vriendenkring VUB, and Elementary Particle Physics

Subjects
electron, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, 01 natural sciences, charge distribution, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, IceCube, 0302 clinical medicine, DESIGN, charge, emission, (photomultipliers, Instrumentation, Photon detectors for UV, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Charge density, calibration [photomultiplier], Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), photomultiplier: calibration, Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc), Neutrino detector, HPDs, Physique des particules élémentaires, Neutrino, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, others), photoelectron, Photomultiplier, data analysis method, pulse formation, Visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers, HPDs, others), FOS: Physical sciences, Particle detector, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, 03 medical and health sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers, ddc:610, etc), multiplication and induction, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, PERFORMANCE, visible and IR photons (vacuum), charge transport, Physics and Astronomy, electron emission, transport, business
Abstract

Journal of Instrumentation 15(06), P06032 (2020). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/06/P06032, We describe an improved in-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge distributions for each of the in-ice Hamamatsu Photonics R7081-02[MOD] photomultiplier tubes in the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The characterization of the individual PMT charge distributions is important for PMT calibration, data and Monte Carlo simulation agreement, and understanding the effect of hardware differences within the detector. We discuss the single photoelectron identification procedure and how we extract the single-photoelectron charge distribution using a deconvolution of the multiple-photoelectron charge distribution., Published by Inst. of Physics, London

Published
2020
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8. Characterisation of the Hamamatsu photomultipliers for the KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope

Author

Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Física Aplicada - Departament de Física Aplicada, European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Agence de l'Oriental, Marruecos, Institut Universitaire de France, European Regional Development Fund, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, National Authority for Scientific Research, Rumanía, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Francia, General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Grecia, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Università e della Ricerca, Italia, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Marruecos, Aiello,S., Akrame, S. E., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Aublin, J., Avgitas, T., Baars, M., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Física Aplicada - Departament de Física Aplicada, European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Agence de l'Oriental, Marruecos, Institut Universitaire de France, European Regional Development Fund, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, National Authority for Scientific Research, Rumanía, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Francia, General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Grecia, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Università e della Ricerca, Italia, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Marruecos, Aiello,S., Akrame, S. E., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Aublin, J., Avgitas, T., Baars, M., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., and Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio

Abstract

[EN] The Hamamatsu R12199-02 3-inch photomultiplier tube is the photodetector chosen for the first phase of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope. About 7000 photomultipliers have been characterised for dark count rate, timing spread and spurious pulses. The quantum eÿciency, the gain and the peak-to-valley ratio have also been measured for a sub-sample in order to determine parameter values needed as input to numerical simulations of the detector.

Published
2018

9. Investigation of radiation hardness in lateral position sensitive detector, irradiated with 13.5 nm photons

Author

Thungström, G., Lundgren, A., Menk, R. H., Westerberg, Lars, Fröjdh, C., Thungström, G., Lundgren, A., Menk, R. H., Westerberg, Lars, and Fröjdh, C.

Abstract

Radiation hardness measurements have been done by irradiating lateral position sensitive (Si) detectors (LPSD) with 93 eV photons. Three different passivation layers have been investigated, SiO2, oxynitride and deposited 4 nm titanium-layer, on p in n-substrate LPSD and deposited 4 nm titanium layer on n in p-substrate LPSD. Best radiation hardness for 93 eV photon is obtained by using a 4 nm titanium layer. Only a slight decrease in response can be seen in the p in n-substrate LPSD. The best radiation hardness is achieved by using the n in p-substrate LPSD, which show no significant decrease in response. Scanning after irradiation with 93 eV gives only a variation in response of 0.26% in the surrounding area of exposure. No decrease in response can be detected during the scan. Test with a 108 eV photon beam gives an increased variation in response of 0.7%, caused by the shallower absorption in Si.

Published
2018
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10. Characterisation of the Hamamatsu photomultipliers for the KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope

Author

Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Aiello, S, Ameli, F, André, Michel, Anghinolfi, Marco, Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Avgitas, T., Bertin, V., Bormuth, R., Bouwhuis, M.C., Puricelli, Stefano, Cherubini, Silvio, Coniglione, R., Mannheim, Karl, Morganti, Michele, Pellegrino, Carlo, Piattelli, P., Real, Del, Santangelo, A, Sharma, Aniruddh, Trovato, A., Zaborov, D., Zúñiga Román, Juan, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Aiello, S, Ameli, F, André, Michel, Anghinolfi, Marco, Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Avgitas, T., Bertin, V., Bormuth, R., Bouwhuis, M.C., Puricelli, Stefano, Cherubini, Silvio, Coniglione, R., Mannheim, Karl, Morganti, Michele, Pellegrino, Carlo, Piattelli, P., Real, Del, Santangelo, A, Sharma, Aniruddh, Trovato, A., Zaborov, D., and Zúñiga Román, Juan

Abstract

The Hamamatsu R12199-02 3-inch photomultiplier tube is the photodetector chosen for the first phase of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope. About 7000 photomultipliers have been characterised for dark count rate, timing spread and spurious pulses. The quantum efficiency, the gain and the peak-to-valley ratio have also been measured for a sub-sample in order to determine parameter values needed as input to numerical simulations of the detector., Postprint (author's final draft)

Published
2018

11. Characterisation of the Hamamatsu photomultipliers for the KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope

Subjects
Industrial Innovation, Peak-to-valley ratios, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Particle physics, Photodetectors, Particle detectors, High Tech Systems & Materials, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Photomultipliers, Photo multiplier tube, Dark count rate, Large detector systems, Neutrino detectors, Astroparticle physics, Neutrino telescopes, Photon detectors for UV, Telescopes
Abstract

The Hamamatsu R12199-02 3-inch photomultiplier tube is the photodetector chosen for the first phase of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope. About 7000 photomultipliers have been characterised for dark count rate, timing spread and spurious pulses. The quantum efficiency, the gain and the peak-to-valley ratio have also been measured for a sub-sample in order to determine parameter values needed as input to numerical simulations of the detector.

Published
2018

12. Single-photon imaging detector with O(10) ps timing and sub-10 μm position resolutions

Author

M. Bolognesi, Anton S. Tremsin, Massimiliano Fiorini, J. Alozy, M. Campbell, T. Michel, S.F. Schifano, A. Cotta Ramusino, J.V. Vallerga, and X. Llopart

Subjects
Photon, 01 natural sciences, Timing detectors, Photocathode, law.invention, NO, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Figure of merit, 010306 general physics, Photon detectors for UV, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Vacuum tube, Hybrid detectors, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Anode, CMOS, Picosecond, business
Abstract

We present the concept of a single-photon imager capable of detecting up to 109 photons per second with simultaneous measurements of position (5–10 μm resolution) and time (few tens of picosecond resolution) for each individual photon over an active area of 7 cm2. The detector is based on a "hybrid" concept: a vacuum tube, with a transparent input window on which a suitable photocathode material is deposited, a micro-channel plate and a pixelated read-out anode designed in 65 nm CMOS technology. These figures of merit will open many important applications allowing significant advances in particle physics, life sciences or other emerging fields where the detection of single photons with excellent timing and position resolutions are simultaneously required.

Published
2018

13. Characterisation of the Hamamatsu photomultipliers for the KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope

Author

Carmelo Pellegrino, F. Garufi, S.E. Akrame, A. Martini, U. Katz, Stavroula Tsagkli, D. van Eijk, T. Stüven, Rosanna Cocimano, A. Orlando, M. Anghinolfi, Piotr Kalaczyński, Vladimir Kulikovskiy, P. Timmer, Luigi Antonio Fusco, Maurizio Spurio, L. de Waardt, A.J. Heijboer, Rezo Shanidze, R. Gracia Ruiz, M. Jongen, F. Versari, J. Manczak, B. Schermer, Alessia Capone, P.M. Kooijman, J. Brunner, T. Gal, E. Migneco, B. Spisso, M. Richer, C. Distefano, Raffaele Buompane, Robert Lahmann, Lucio Gialanella, J. Seneca, E. Buis, Els Koffeman, D. F. E. Samtleben, A. Hekalo, A. Trovato, D. Tzanetatos, P. Migliozzi, Cristiano Bozza, E. Berbee, I. Di Palma, G. Ferrara, B. Jongewaard, Antonio F. Díaz, D. Zaborov, Paolo Sapienza, H. van Haren, S. Geißelsöder, Sebastiano Aiello, G. Pühlhofer, T. Avgitas, Fabio Longhitano, M. Taiuti, G. E. Poma, Francesco Simeone, G. Polydefki, R. Donà, L. Nauta, S. Loucatos, B. Vallage, G. Grella, G. Maggi, Carlos Maximiliano Mollo, P. Mijakowski, Tommaso Chiarusi, M. Perrin-Terrin, Matteo Sanguineti, Robert Muller, Massimiliano Lincetto, Alessandro Lonardo, S. Bourret, J. Barrios-Martí, Giuseppe Levi, Silvia Celli, V. Sciacca, M. Dörr, Thierry Pradier, Carlo Alessandro Nicolau, G. Riccobene, S.F. Biagi, E. A. De Wolf, G.E. Păvălaş, Emanuele Leonora, O. Kalekin, Michel André, C. Poirè, Corinne Donzaud, A. Marinelli, R. Coniglione, A. Sánchez Losa, I. El Bojaddaini, V. Bertin, A. Belias, A.M. van den Berg, V. Van Elewyck, Kay Graf, Karel Melis, J.D. Zornoza, E. Tenllado, C. De Sio, Antoine Kouchner, Mohamed Chabab, Antonio D'Onofrio, J. Hofestädt, Michael Moser, L. S. Miranda, Fabio Marzaioli, F. Raffaelli, M.C. Bouwhuis, Matthias Kadler, Daniele Vivolo, Jörn Wilms, Richard Dallier, H. Brânzaş, Giulia Illuminati, Alba Domi, D. Calvo, Jihad Boumaaza, Andrea Santangelo, R. Bormuth, Diego Real, R. Le Breton, M. Baars, I. Sgura, M. Colomer Molla, Salvatore Viola, Soebur Razzaque, Sara Pulvirenti, Thomas Eberl, P. Piattelli, M. Lotze, A. Sharma, Ofelia Pisanti, M. Volkert, Vitaliano Chiarella, G. Kieft, S. Navas, Jose Busto, A. Enzenhöfer, J. Reubelt, T. Heid, Mario Musumeci, D. Kießling, T. Grégoire, L. K. Resvanis, P. de Jong, C. Biernoth, V. Popa, T. Thakore, N. Randazzo, J. Zúñiga, D. Stavropoulos, M. Organokov, C. Nielsen, N. R. Khan Chowdhury, B. Strandberg, Damien Dornic, Jos Steijger, V. Panagopoulos, Simona Maria Stellacci, J. Aublin, A. Rovelli, Abdelilah Moussa, M. de Jong, R. Mele, J.A. Martínez-Mora, Alexis Coleiro, Michael Kreter, Dario Grasso, Fabrizio Ameli, Steffen Hallmann, Joao A B Coelho, Francesca Tatone, R. Bruijn, Emidio Giorgio, E. G. Anassontzis, C. Bagatelas, M. Ardid, J. Pérez Romero, Dominik Elsaesser, L. Quinn, L. Martin, I. Salvadori, C. W. James, Annarita Margiotta, Gisela Anton, Bruny Baret, S. R. Gozzini, M. Post, K. Pikounis, A. Creusot, N. Briukhanova, C. Markou, E. Tzamariudaki, Claudia Valieri, Riccardo Papaleo, A. Giuliante, G. C. Barbarino, J.J. Hernández-Rey, Yahya Tayalati, M. Durocher, G. Androulakis, Silvio Cherubini, S. Gauchery, L. Caramete, G. Papalashvili, D. Stransky, M. Circella, Karl Mannheim, Andrea Biagioni, G. Pellegrini, A. Sinopoulou, M. Morganti, P. Coyle, Giacomo Cuttone, Francesco Leone, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KM3NeT, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aiello, S., Akrame, S. E., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aublin, J., Avgitas, T., Baars, M., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Barrios-Martí, J., Belias, A., Berbee, E., Berg, A. Van Den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Biernoth, C., Bormuth, R., Boumaaza, J., Bourret, S., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Branzaş, H., Briukhanova, N., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Onofrio, A., Dallier, R., Sio, C. De, Palma, I. Di, Díaz, A. F., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donà, R., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Durocher, M., Eberl, T., Eijk, D. Van, Bojaddaini, I. El, Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Ferrara, G., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Garufi, F., Gauchery, S., Geißelsöder, S., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Giuliante, A., Gozzini, S. R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grégoire, T., Grella, G., Hallmann, S., Haren, H. Van, Heid, T., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jongen, M., Jongewaard, B., De Jong, M., De Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kieft, G., Kießling, D., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, Leone, F., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lonardo, A., Longhitano, F., Lotze, M., Loucatos, S., Maggi, G., Mańczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mele, R., Melis, K. W., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nielsen, C., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., Panagopoulos, V., Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pǎvǎlaş, G. E., Pellegrini, G., Pellegrino, C., Pérez Romero, J., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Polydefki, G., Poma, G. E., Popa, V., Post, M., Pradier, T., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Quinn, L., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Resvanis, L., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Richer, M., Rovelli, A., Salvadori, I., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sánchez Losa, A., Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Sapienza, P., Schermer, B., Sciacca, V., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simeone, F., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Strandberg, B., Stransky, D., Stüven, T., Taiuti, M., Tatone, F., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Thakore, T., Timmer, P., Trovato, A., Tsagkli, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Valieri, C., Vallage, B., Elewyck, V. Van, Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Volkert, M., De Waardt, L., Wilms, J., De Wolf, E., Zaborov, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zuniga, J., Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Mollo, Carlos Maximiliano, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), KM3NeT (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), IHEF (IoP, FNWI), ATLAS (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Akrame, S.E., Anassontzis, E.G., Coelho, J.A.B., Díaz, A.F., Fusco, L.A., Gozzini, S.R., Hernández-Rey, J.J., James, C.W., Katz, U.F., Chowdhury, N.R. Khan, Koffeman, E.N., Martínez-Mora, J.A., Melis, K.W., Miranda, L.S., Mollo, C.M., Nicolau, C.A., Pǎvǎlaş, G.E., Poma, G.E., Samtleben, D.F.E., Stellacci, S.M., and Zornoza, J.D.

Subjects
Astrofísica, Tubs, PROTOTYPE, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Física::Física de partícules [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Particle detectors, High Tech Systems & Materials, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Neutrino detector, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Large detector systems, Neutrino detectors, Instrumentation, KM3NeT, Photon detectors for UV, Mathematical Physics, photoelectron: yield, Physics, photomultiplier, Industrial Innovation, Peak-to-valley ratios, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Particle physics, Photodetectors, efficiency: quantum, Cherenkov counters, Cherenkov detectors, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Dark count rate, Quantum efficiency, Física nuclear, Optoelectrònica, performance, Cherenkov detector, Cherenkov detectors, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Neutrino detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Photomultiplier, Fotònica, Phase (waves), Photodetector, Partícules (Física nuclear), Optics, Photo multiplier tube, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, numerical calculations, Particles (Nuclear physics), Astroparticle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Herenkov detectors, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Photomultipliers, Photonics, FISICA APLICADA, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, Òptica -- Aparells i instruments, Neutrino telescopes, Photon detectors for UV,visible and IR photons (vacuum), business, Telescopes
Abstract

[EN] The Hamamatsu R12199-02 3-inch photomultiplier tube is the photodetector chosen for the first phase of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope. About 7000 photomultipliers have been characterised for dark count rate, timing spread and spurious pulses. The quantum eÿciency, the gain and the peak-to-valley ratio have also been measured for a sub-sample in order to determine parameter values needed as input to numerical simulations of the detector., The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), France; 'Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics' funded by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Agence de l'Oriental and CNRST, Morocco; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Plan Estatal de Investigacion (refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolia programs (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain.

Published
2018
Full Text
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14. Development of precision Time-Of-Flight electronics for LHCb TORCH

Author

J. Fopma, Roberta Cardinale, Roger Forty, D. Piedigrossi, Rui Gao, Thierry Gys, Neville Harnew, Christoph Frei, T. Keri, and L. Castillo Garcia

Subjects
Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Timing detectors, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle identification, Particle identification methods, 0103 physical sciences, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Photon detectors for UV, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Cherenkov detectors, Detector, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Time of flight, Upgrade, Optoelectronics, Microchannel plate detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (vacuum), business
Abstract

The TORCH detector is proposed for the low-momentum particle identification upgrade of the LHCb experiment. It combines Time-Of-Flight and Cherenkov techniques to achieve positive π/K/p separation up to 10 GeV/c. This requires a timing resolution of 70 ps for single photons. This paper reports on the electronics developed for such measurements, using commercial Micro Channel Plate (MCP) devices and custom ASICs (NINO and HPTDC). The intrinsic timing resolution of the electronics measured with electrical test pulses is 40 ps. With the MCP photon detector and a pulsed laser, a resolution of 90 ps has been recorded in laboratory tests and 130 ps in test beams. © CERN 2014.

Published
2016
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15. The TORCH PMT: a close packing, multi-anode, long life MCP-PMT for Cherenkov applications

Author

Rui Gao, N. H. Brook, Neville Harnew, J. Howorth, Roger Forty, C. Slatter, Christoph Frei, Jonathan S. Lapington, T. Conneely, M. Van Dijk, D. Piedigrossi, L. Castillo Garcia, T. Gys, James Milnes, Carmelo D'Ambrosio, David Cussans, and Euan N. Cowie

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Cherenkov detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Cherenkov detectors, Capacitance, Timing detectors, Particle identification, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Charge sharing, law.invention, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, Microchannel plate detector, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Photon detectors for UV, Mathematical Physics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

Photek (U.K.) and the TORCH collaboration are undertaking a three year development program to produce a novel square MCP-PMT for single photon detection. The TORCH detector aims to provide particle identification in the 2-10 GeV/c momentum range, using a Time-of-Flight method based on Cherenkov light. It is a stand-alone R&D; project with possible application in LHCb, and has been proposed for the LHCb Upgrade. The Microchannel Plate (MCP) detector will provide a single photon timing accuracy of 40 ps, and its development will include the following properties: (i) Long lifetime up to at least 5 C/cm2; (ii) Multi-anode output with a spatial resolution of 6 mm and 0.4 mm respectively in the horizontal and vertical directions, incorporating a novel charge-sharing technique; (iii) Close packing on two opposing sides with an active area fill factor of 88% in the horizontal direction. Results from simulations modelling the MCP detector performance factoring in the pulse height variation from the detector, NINO threshold levels and potential charge sharing techniques that enhance the position resolution beyond the physical pitch of the pixel layout will be discussed. Also, a novel method of coupling the MCP-PMT output pads using Anisotropic Conductive Film (ACF) will be described. This minimises parasitic input capacitance by allowing very close proximity between the frontend electronics and the MCP detector.

Published
2015

16. A segmented anode vacuum phototriode with position sensitivity

Author

Sema Zahid, David Ja Cockerill, and Peter R Hobson

Subjects
Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Photon detectors for UV, 01 natural sciences, visible and IR photons (vacuum), 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Anode, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Position (vector), 0103 physical sciences, business, Instrumentation, Sensitivity (electronics), Electron multipliers (vacuum), Mathematical Physics
Abstract

STFC

Published
2018
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17. Characterization of the Hamamatsu H12700A-03 and R12699-03 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes

Author

Calvi, M, Carniti, P, Cassina, L, Gotti, C, Maino, M, Matteuzzi, C, Pessina, G, CALVI, MARTA, CARNITI, PAOLO, CASSINA, LORENZO, GOTTI, CLAUDIO, MAINO, MATTEO, PESSINA, GIANLUIGI EZIO, Calvi, M, Carniti, P, Cassina, L, Gotti, C, Maino, M, Matteuzzi, C, Pessina, G, CALVI, MARTA, CARNITI, PAOLO, CASSINA, LORENZO, GOTTI, CLAUDIO, MAINO, MATTEO, and PESSINA, GIANLUIGI EZIO

Abstract

The H12700 is a novel 64-channel 52 × 52 mm2 square Multi-Anode PhotoMultiplier Tube (MaPMT) produced by Hamamatsu. Its characteristics make this device suitable for high energy physics applications, such as in Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors. Hamamatsu provides the H12700 tube with an embedded socket connecting the anodes to the output pins and including an active voltage divider. A second device version, the R12699, is also available and differs from the former by the absence of the socket. This paper describes a complete characterization of both models, starting from the standard operating parameters (single photon spectra, average gain, anode uniformity and dark current value), investigating in detail the cross-talk effect among neighbouring pixels and considering the behaviour in critical environment conditions, such as in presence of a static magnetic field up to 100 Gauss, at different operating temperatures and after long exposure to intense light.

Published
2015

18. Characterization of the Hamamatsu R11265-103-M64 multi-anode photomultiplier tube

Author

Marta Calvi, M. Maino, C. Matteuzzi, Claudio Gotti, Andrea Giachero, L. Cassina, L Cadamuro, G. Pessina, B. Khanji, Cadamuro, L, Calvi, M, Cassina, L, Giachero, A, Gotti, C, Khanji, B, Maino, M, Matteuzzi, C, and Pessina, G

Subjects
Photomultiplier, Photon, Materials science, visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers, HPDs, others), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Shields, Biasing, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), visible and IR photons (vacuum), Anode, Magnetic field, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, business, Photon detectors for UV, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Cherenkov detector
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to fully characterize the new multi-anode photomultiplier tube R11265-103-M64, produced by Hamamatsu. Its high effective active area (77%), its pixel size, the low dark signal rate and the capability to detect single photon signals make this tube suitable for an application in high energy physics, such as for RICH detectors. Four tubes and two different bias voltage dividers have been tested. The results of a standard characterization of the gain and the anode uniformity, the dark signal rate, the cross-talk and the device behaviour as a function of temperature have been studied. The behaviour of the tube is studied in a longitudinal magnetic field up to 100 Gauss. Shields made of a high permeability material are also investigated. The deterioration of the device performance due to long time operation at intense light exposure is studied. A quantitative analysis of the variation of the gain and the dark signals rate due to the aging is described., 22 pages

Published
2014

19. First results of performance tests of the newly designed Vacuum Silicon Photo Multiplier Tube (VSiPMT)

Author

Daniele Vivolo, G. C. Barbarino, L. Campajola, Carlos Maximiliano Mollo, G. De Rosa, G. Fiorillo, R. de Asmundis, B Rossi, P. Migliozzi, F. C. T. Barbato, R. d., Asmundi, Barbarino, Giancarlo, F. C. T., Barbato, Campajola, Luigi, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, Fiorillo, Giuliana, P., Migliozzi, C. M., Mollo, B., Rossi, D., Vivolo, De Asmundis, R., Barbarino, G., Barbato, F. C. T., Campajola, L., Rosa, G. D., Fiorillo, G., Migliozzi, P., Mollo, C. M., Rossi, B., and Vivolo, D.

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers, HPDs, others), Silicon, business.industry, Hybrid detector, Photodetector, chemistry.chemical_element, Particle detector, visible and IR photons (vacuum), chemistry, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Photon detectors for UV, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We invented (2007) the VSiPMT, a novel, high-gain, photo detector device and we publically proposed this idea in an International Conference for the first time at the 11th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors (IPRD08) in Siena, triggering deep discussions on the feasibility of the device itself and on the convenience of such a solution. After several years spent in designing, evaluation, tests and eventually negotiations with some suppliers, we finally got a couple of prototypes of the Vacuum Silicon Photo Multiplier Tube (VSiPMT) made under our specifications by Hamamatsu. We present in this paper the most important results of characterization tests of the first prototypes of the VSiPMT. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

Published
2014

20. Analysis and correction of the magnetic field effects in the Hybrid Photo-Detectors of the RICH2 Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector of LHCb

Author

Roberta Cardinale, D. Piedigrossi, Mauro Villa, Alessandro Petrolini, C. D'Ambrosio, Thierry Gys, Roger Forty, Christoph Frei, and B. Storaci

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, Particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Distortion, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Photon detectors for UV, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, business.industry, Cherenkov detectors, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), visible and IR photons (vacuum), Magnetic field, Cherenkov detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Magnet, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract

The Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors of the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN are equipped with Hybrid Photo-Detectors. These vacuum photo-detectors are affected by the stray magnetic field of the LHCb magnet, which degrades their imaging properties. This effect increases the error on the Cherenkov angle measurement and would reduce the particle identification capabilities of LHCb. A system has been developed for the RICH2 Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector to perform a detailed characterisation of the magnetic distortion effects. It is described, along with the methods implemented to correct for these effects, restoring the optimal resolution., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures

Published
2011
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21. Characterization of the Hamamatsu R11265-103-M64 multi-anode photomultiplier tube

Author

Cadamuro, L, Calvi, M, Cassina, L, Giachero, A, Gotti, C, Khanji, B, Maino, M, Matteuzzi, C, Pessina, G, CALVI, MARTA, CASSINA, LORENZO, GIACHERO, ANDREA, GOTTI, CLAUDIO, KHANJI, BASEM, MAINO, MATTEO, PESSINA, GIANLUIGI EZIO, Cadamuro, L, Calvi, M, Cassina, L, Giachero, A, Gotti, C, Khanji, B, Maino, M, Matteuzzi, C, Pessina, G, CALVI, MARTA, CASSINA, LORENZO, GIACHERO, ANDREA, GOTTI, CLAUDIO, KHANJI, BASEM, MAINO, MATTEO, and PESSINA, GIANLUIGI EZIO

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to fully characterize the new multi-anode photomultiplier tube R11265-103-M64, produced by Hamamatsu. Its high effective active area (77%), its pixel size, the low dark signal rate and the capability to detect single photon signals make this tube suitable for an application in high energy physics, such as for RICH detectors. Four tubes and two different bias voltage dividers have been tested. The results of a standard characterization of the gain and the anode uniformity, the dark signal rate, the cross-talk and the device behaviour as a function of temperature have been studied. The behaviour of the tube is studied in a longitudinal magnetic field up to 100 Gauss. Shields made of a high permeability material are also investigated. The deterioration of the device performance due to long time operation at intense light exposure is studied. A quantitative analysis of the variation of the gain and the dark signals rate due to the aging is described. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

Published
2014

22. Characterization of the Hamamatsu H12700A-03 and R12699-03 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes

Author

M. Maino, Marta Calvi, Clara Matteuzzi, Claudio Gotti, Paolo Carniti, L. Cassina, G. Pessina, Calvi, M, Carniti, P, Cassina, L, Gotti, C, Maino, M, Matteuzzi, C, and Pessina, G

Subjects
mapmt, Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, tube, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle identification method, Optics, characterization, Tube (fluid conveyance), Photon detectors for UV, device, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Cherenkov radiation, photomultiplier, rich, business.industry, Voltage divider, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Magnetostatics, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Anode, multi-anode, business, Cherenkov detector, Dark current
Abstract

The H12700 is a novel 64-channel 52 $\times$ 52 mm$^2$ square Multi-Anode PhotoMultiplier Tube (MaPMT) produced by Hamamatsu. Its characteristics make this device suitable for high energy physics applications, such as in Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors. Hamamatsu provides the H12700 tube with an embedded socket connecting the anodes to the output pins and including an active voltage divider. A second device version, the R12699, is also available and differs from the former by the absence of the socket. This paper describes a complete characterization of both models, starting from the standard operating parameters (single photon spectra, average gain, anode uniformity and dark current value), investigating in detail the cross-talk effect among neighbouring pixels and considering the behaviour in critical environment conditions, such as in presence of a static magnetic field up to 100 Gauss, at different operating temperatures and after long exposure to intense light., Comment: 19 pages, 25 figures

Published
2015
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23. Long term experience and performance of COMPASS RICH-1

Author

Tessarotto, F., Abbon, P., Alexeev, M., Birsa, R., Bordalo, P., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Büchele, M., Chiosso, M., Ciliberti, P., Dafni, T., Torre, S. Dalla, Dasgupta, S., Delagnes, E., Denisov, O., Duic, V., Ferrero, A., Finger, M., Fischer, H., Franco, C., Gerassimov, S., Gobbo, B., Gregori, M., Herrmann, F., Ketzer, B., Königsmann, K., Konorov, I., Kunne, F., Levorato, S., Maggiora, A., Makke, N., Martin, A., Menon, G., Neyret, D., Novakova, K., Panzieri, D., Paul, S., Pereira, F. A., Polak, J., Rocco, E., Santos, C. A., Sbrizzai, G., Schiavon, P., Schopferer, S., Slunecka, M., Sozzi, F., Steiger, L., Sulc, M., Takekawa, S., Sub Subatomic Physics (SAP), Subatomic Physics, Département d'Electronique, des Détecteurs et d'Informatique pour la Physique (ex SEDI) (DEDIP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Physikalisches Institut [Freiburg], Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, COMPASS, Sub Subatomic Physics (SAP), Subatomic Physics, Tessarotto, F, Abbon, P, Alexeev, M, Birsa, R, Bordalo, P, Bradamante, Franco, Bressan, Andrea, Büchele, M, Chiosso, M, Ciliberti, Piero, Dafni, T, Torre, S. Dalla, Dasgupta, SHUDDHA SHANKAR, Delagnes, E, Denisov, O, Duic, Venicio, Ferrero, A, Finger, M, M. Finger Jr, M. Finger Jr, Fischer, H, Franco, C, Gerassimov, S, Gobbo, B, Gregori, M, Herrmann, F, Ketzer, B, Königsmann, K, Konorov, I, Kunne, F, Levorato, Stefano, Maggiora, A, Makke, Nour, Martin, Anna, Menon, G, Neyret, D, Novakova, K, Panzieri, D, Paul, S, Pereira, F. A, Polak, J, Rocco, E, Santos, C. A, Sbrizzai, G, Schiavon, Paolo, Schopferer, S, Slunecka, M, Sozzi, Federica, Steiger, Luka, Sulc, M, and Takekawa, Stefano

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Particle detector, law.invention, Particle identification methods, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Optics, law, Compass, Carbon–fluorine bond, COMPASS experiment, visible and IR photons (gas), Photon detectors for UV, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Spectrometer, business.industry, Cherenkov detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (gas), Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (gas), visible and IR photons (vacuum), Upgrade, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (vacuum), Particle identification methods, Cherenkov detectors, Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (gas), Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (vacuum), business
Abstract

International audience; COMPASS RICH-1 is a large size gaseous Imaging Cherenkov Detector providinghadron identification in the range from 3 to 55 GeV/c, in the wide acceptance spectrometer of theCOMPASS Experiment at CERN SPS.It uses a 3m long C4F10 radiator, a 21m2 large VUV mirror surface and two kinds of photondetectors: MAPMTs and MWPCs with CsI photocathodes, covering a total of 5.5m2. It is inoperation since 2002 and its performance increased thanks to progressive optimization and to amajor upgrade of its photon detection system, implemented in 2006; a new upgrade is foreseen for2016, with the use of MPGD-based photon detectors.The main characteristics of COMPASS RICH-1 components are described and the most criticalaspects related to the C4F10 radiator gas system, to the mirrors and their alignment, as well asthe performance of the photon detectors are presented and discussed. The response of the MWPCsand the observed evolution of the effective quantum efficiency of the CsI photocathodes is analyzed.The properties and performance of the MAPMTs with individual fused lens telescopes arepresented together with the readout characteristics. The PID performance of COMPASS RICH-1is discussed and the future upgrade program is mentioned.

Published
2014
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24. Characterization of fast microchannel plate photomultipliers for the ITER core LIDAR Thomson scattering system

Author

Leonardo Giudicotti and Roberto Pasqualotto

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, business.industry, Thomson scattering, Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostics, Detector, Response time, visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers, HPD s, visible and IR photons (vacuum), Photocathode, Optics, Lidar, Quantum efficiency, Microchannel plate detector, others), business, Photon detectors for UV, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

In the new ITER core LIDAR Thomson scattering system under development, detectors with pulse response as low as 330 ps and 10 mm diameter active area, covering with good sensitivity the spectral range 380-1100 nm will be necessary. For the visible region 400-750 nm, fast microchannel plate photomultipliers with a GaAsP photocathode that fulfill the characteristics of speed, sensitivity and active area are already commercially available and have been recently characterized for operation in the JET edge LIDAR Thomson scattering system. In this paper we present a further characterization of these devices to evaluate their usefulness in the more demanding operating conditions of the ITER core LIDAR Thomson scattering system. The characteristics of these detectors with regard to linearity, gain recovery time, pulse repetition rate, quantum efficiency and response time for large F-number illumination, have been measured. Linearity and recovery time data have been interpreted according to a new, time dependent, microchannel plate operational model. The results show that these detectors are suitable also for use in ITER.

Published
2012
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25. Development of scalable electronics for the TORCH time-of-flight detector

Author

David Cussans, Neville Harnew, L. Castillo Garcia, D. Piedigrossi, Christoph Frei, Rui Gao, N. H. Brook, M. Van Dijk, Thierry Gys, Roger Forty, and Euan N. Cowie

Subjects
Physics, Photon, Time of flight detector, business.industry, Cherenkov detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Instrumentation and methods for time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy, Detector, Cherenkov detectors, Electrical engineering, 7. Clean energy, Particle identification, visible and IR photons (vacuum), law.invention, Particle identification methods, Upgrade, law, Optoelectronics, Electronics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Instrumentation, Photon detectors for UV, Mathematical Physics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The TORCH detector is proposed for the low-momentum particle identification upgrade of the LHCb experiment. It combines Time-Of-Flight and Cherenkov techniques to achieve charged particle separation up to 10 GeV/c. This requires a time resolution of 70 ps for single photons. Existing electronics has already demonstrated a 26 ps intrinsic time resolution; however the channel count and density need improvements for future micro-channel plate devices. This paper will report on a scalable design using custom ASICs (NINO-32 and HPTDC). The system provides up to 8 × 64 channels for a single micro-channel plate device. It is also designed to read out micro-channel plate tubes with charge-sharing technique.

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