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BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that dietary vitamin C is inversely associated with gastric cancer (GC), but most of them did not consider intake of fruit and vegetables. Thus, we aimed to evaluate this association within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, a consortium of epidemiological studies on GC. METHODS: Fourteen case-control studies were included in the analysis (5362 cases, 11,497 controls). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between dietary intake of vitamin C and GC, adjusted for relevant confounders and for intake of fruit and vegetables. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using mixed-effects logistic models with second-order fractional polynomials. RESULTS: Individuals in the highest quartile of dietary vitamin C intake had reduced odds of GC compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.72). Additional adjustment for fruit and vegetables intake led to an OR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.98). A significant inverse association was observed for noncardia GC, as well as for both intestinal and diffuse types of the disease. The results of the dose-response analysis showed decreasing ORs of GC up to 150-200 mg/day of vitamin C (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.71), whereas ORs for higher intakes were close to 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our pooled study suggest that vitamin C is inversely associated with GC, with a potentially beneficial effect also for intakes above the currently recommended daily intake (90 mg for men and 75 mg for women).

New design techniques are required to improve the stability of vitamin C (VC), which is essential for human health but is sensitive to environmental factors, in the stomach and its release in the body. The purpose of this study is to develop and characterise a fibre interlaced liposome (FIL) as a vehicle for better delivery of VC, with fruit fibres providing surface protection against degradation, which was confirmed by various studies. The optimised formulation was evaluated for its structural and surface morphological properties through zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DSC analyses. In vitro release studies were also conducted, and FIL-VC displayed a sustained release of VC (19.31%) compared to the control (67.54%) during the period of 8 h. FIL-VC demonstrates better release in simulated intestinal fluids (95.34%) than in gastric fluids (21.15%), indicating better stability and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. In a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, two-way crossover clinical study, FIL-VC showed 5.77-fold higher relative oral bioavailability in comparison with the unformulated VC. The AUC0−t for VC in FIL-VC (23.80 μg mL−1) was found to be significantly higher compared to unformulated VC (4.13 μg mL−1) after the oral administration of a single dose. These data show that FIL formulation resulted in a sustained release of VC with increased bioavailability, which could be beneficial for extended-release applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) completely changed the paradigm of enzyme-based oxyfunctionalization reactions, as these enzymes can transform a wide variety of substrates with a relatively simple reaction mechanism. The fact that UPO can exert both peroxygenative and peroxidative activity in either aromatic or aliphatic carbons, represents a great potential in the production of high value-added products from natural antioxidants. In this work, the flavonoid rutin has been considered as possible substrate for UPO from Agrocybe aegerita , and its peroxygenation or its peroxidation and successive oligomerization have been studied. Different experiments were performed in order to reduce the range of process variables involved and gaining insight on the behavior of this enzyme, leading to a multivariable optimization of UPO-based rutin modification. While trying to preserve enzyme activity this optimization aimed for maximizing the production of more soluble antioxidants. Reusability of the enzyme was evaluated recovering UPO using an enzymatic membrane reactor, revealing challenges in enzyme stability due to inactivation during the filtration stages. The influence of the radical scavenger ascorbic acid on product formation was investigated, revealing its role in directing the reaction towards hydroxylated rutin derivatives, hence indicating a shift towards more soluble and bioactive products. [Display omitted] • UPO transforms rutin to more soluble products with enhanced antioxidant activity. • H 2 O 2 feeding rate, initial enzymatic activity and reaction time were optimized. • Peroxygenative and peroxidative activities are crucial to increase both bioactivity and solubility. • A poor stability of the enzyme limits its reuse in successive cycles. • Ascorbic acid concentration allows modulation of the characteristics of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background/Aim Material and Methods Results Conclusion The optimal storage medium for an avulsed tooth should preserve the viability of periodontal fibroblasts (PDLF) to the highest degree, facilitating the re‐attachment of periodontal fibers and improving the prognosis of replantation. This study compared the effect of the PDLF viability in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), supplemented culture medium, that is, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), and four modified HBSS mixtures.Periodontal tissues were obtained from extracted human teeth and processed for PDLF culture. The cells were then exposed to six experimental media: (i) HBSS, (ii) HBSS and ascorbic acid (HBSS + Vit C), (iii) HBSS and platelet‐derived growth factor (HBSS + PDGF), (iv) a mixture of HBSS, PDGF, and Vit C (HBSS + PDGF + Vit C), (v) HBSS and platelet lysate (HBSS + PL), and (vi) DMEM for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. A MTT assay was performed to determine the cell viability.Vitamin C‐containing media maintained PDLF viability significantly better than HBSS + PDGF and HBSS + PL at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h (p < 0.05). The percentages of viable PDLF at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h were significantly higher than 0 h for HBSS + Vit C, HBSS + PDGF + Vit C, HBSS + PL, and DMEM (p < 0.05).All experimental media were able to maintain PDLF viability (DMEM>HBSS+Vit C; HBSS+PDGF+Vit C>HBSS+PL>HBSS+PDGF; HBSS). Although DMEM had the highest cell proliferative effect, it is impractical to be used as a transport medium due to its cost, storage, and availability. The supplementation of Vit C yielded significant cell proliferative effects; hence, HBSS + Vit C can be a better alternative as a storage medium than HBSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-harvest losses cause significant product losses in the world, which leads to food waste. Therefore, it is of great importance for people to have access to sufficient amounts of products by increasing the storage period of fruits with applications such as post-harvest calcium chloride (CaCl2). In this study, the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on physical quality parameters and bioactive contents of stored strawberry fruit (Albion cv.) was investigated. Accordingly, strawberries were treated with 2%, 4% and 6% CaCl2 before storage and stored for 15 days (0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% RH). Analyses and measurements were conducted every 5 days during the storage period.Weight loss, decay rate, soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, pH, respiration rate, organic acids (malic, citric, ascorbic, fumaric, oxalic, succinic and tartaric) and phenolic compounds (catechin, chlorogenic, ferulic, gallic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, protocatechuic, quercetin, rutin and syringic) were analyzed as quality parameters during storage. Results: In the study, in general, the best values were observed in 6% CaCl2-treated fruits in terms of weight loss, SSC, TA, decay and respiration rates, although they varied according to different storage periods. Similarly, in terms of phenolic compounds, organic acids and vitamin C, 6% CaCl2-treated fruits had significantly better prevention of quality losses. In addition, the most common phenolic compound of strawberry fruits was gallic acid, followed by chlorogenic acid and catechin, respectively. On the other hand, the predominant organic acid observed in the fruits was malic acid, followed by citric acid, succinic acid and oxalic acid, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that CaCl2 applications more effectively prevented weight loss and decay rate by reducing the respiration rate compared to the control group at the end of the storage period (15th day). It was concluded that, particularly, the 6% CaCl2 dose can be used as an important treatment to extend storage life by preserving fruit quality and biochemical changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new type of artificial enzyme, a nanozyme is an ideal substitute for natural enzymes and has been successfully applied in many fields. However, in the application of biomolecular detection, most nanozymes have the disadvantages of long reaction times or high detection limits, prompting researchers to search for new efficient nanozymes. In this work, the enzyme-like activities of three polyoxometalate-based iron-organic complexes ([Fe(bpp)2](Mo6O19), [Fe(bpp)2]2(Mo8O26)·2CH3OH, and [Fe(bpp)2]4H[Na(Mo8O26)]3), namely, FeMo6, Fe2Mo8, and Fe4Mo8Na, were analyzed. All three polyoxometalate-based iron-organic complexes were found to be capable of catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to oxidize 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine and o-phenylenediamine, resulting in visible color changes, further exhibiting peroxidase-like activity. Results showed that Fe4Mo8Na had more active sites due to its long chain structure, endowing more prominent peroxidase-like activity compared with Fe2Mo8 and FeMo6. A colorimetric sensing platform for H2O2 and ascorbic acid detection based on Fe4Mo8Na was established. The linear response range for H2O2 detection was 0.5–100 μM, and the detection limit was 0.143 μM. The linear response for ascorbic acid detection ranges from 0 to 750 μM with a detection limit of 1.07 μM. This study provides a new perspective for developing new nanozymes and expanding the sensing and detection application of nanozymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although traditional Fe-based nanozymes have shown great potential, generally only a small proportion of the Fe atoms on the catalyst's surface are used. Herein, we synthesized single-atom Fe on N-doped graphene nanosheets (Fe-CNG) with high atom utilization efficiency and a unique coordination structure. Active oxygen species including superoxide radicals (O2•−) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were efficiently generated from the interaction of the Fe-CNG with dissolved oxygen in acidic conditions. The Fe-CNG nanozymes were found to display enhanced oxidase-like and laccase-like activity, with Vmax of 2.07 × 10−7 M∙S−1 and 4.54 × 10−8 M∙S−1 and Km of 0.324 mM and 0.082 mM, respectively, which is mainly due to Fe active centers coordinating with O and N atoms simultaneously. The oxidase-like performance of the Fe-CNG can be effectively inhibited by ascorbic acid (AA) or hydroquinone (HQ), which can directly obstruct the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Therefore, a direct and sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of AA and HQ activity was established, which exhibited good linear detection and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.048 μM and 0.025 μM, respectively. Moreover, a colorimetric method based on the Fe-CNG catalyst was fabricated for detecting the concentration of AA in vitamin C. Therefore, this work offers a new method for preparing a single-atom catalyst (SAC) nanozyme and a promising strategy for detecting AA and HQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 into valuable fuels is considered a promising approach for the development of sustainable and renewable energy sources. In this study, we utilized Mo-MOF as a precursor to obtain MoO 3 by pyrolytic derivatization and treated it to obtain MOF-MoO 3-x containing oxygen vacancies as a catalyst for the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to CO. MOF derivatization altered the morphology of the MoO 3 , which made the formation of oxygen vacancies easier and facilitated the separation of electron-hole pairs. Meanwhile, the increased specific surface area and the appearance of surface oxygen vacancies enhanced the CO 2 adsorption and activation capabilities of MOF-MoO 3-x. As a result, MOF-MoO 3-x demonstrated a significant enhances in the photoreduction activity of CO 2. Its CO yield was 29.1 μmolg−1h−1, which was 3.7 times higher than that of MOF-MoO 3 and 2.4 times higher than that of H-MoO 3-x. This innovative strategy may provide a new avenue for improving the comprehensive performance of photocatalysts and developing renewable energy sources. MOF-MoO 3-x photocatalytic material derived from Mo-MOF precursor and prepared by ascorbic acid reduction. Compared to the H-MoO 3-x obtained by hydrothermal method, the MOF structure promoted the formation of oxygen defects, the yield of CO reduction by MOF-MoO 3-x had been significantly improved. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although some evidence suggests a role for vitamin C intake in thyroid diseases, the complex interplay between vitamin C intake and thyroid function remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between vitamin C intake and serum thyroid function in the United States adults. Methods: A total of 5,878 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2012 were included in this study. Weighted multivariate linear regression models, subgroup analyses, and interaction terms were used to assess the association between vitamin C intake, evaluated as a continuous and categorical variable, and thyroid function. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was employed to assess any nonlinear relationship that may exist between vitamin C intake and thyroid function. Results: After adjusting for covariates, our research found a significant inverse correlation between vitamin C intake and total thyroxine (TT4) (β= -0.182, P= 0.006). Using subgroup analyses, the association was more pronounced among subjects with lower alcohol consumption(β= -0.151, P= 0.013, P for interaction = 0.043). In RCS regression, the correlation between vitamin C and TT4 exhibited a distinct reversed L-shaped curve pattern in total participants (P for nonlinear = 0.005) and male adults (P for nonlinear = 0.014). Additionally, we found an inverted U-shaped curve pattern in the relationship between vitamin C intake and FT4 (P for nonlinear = 0.029), while an U-shaped curve relationship was observed between vitamin C consumption and the FT3/FT4 ratio (P for nonlinear = 0.026). Conclusion: The findings of our study have illustrated a notable correlation between vitamin C intake and thyroid function. A high level of vitamin C intake is associated with a decreased in TT4 levels among American adults, and the association was more pronounced among subjects with lower alcohol consumption. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a nonlinear correlation between the intake of vitamin C and the levels of TT4, FT4, and FT3/FT4 ratio. Our findings support the rationale for making food-based dietary recommendations and maybe provide guidance for diet guidelines with thyroid dysfunction to a certain extent in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nBoron (B) is less mobile in plants, particularly in fruit crops like guava (Psidium guajava L.) despite sufficient soil B concentrations. In this regard, foliar application of plant growth regulators like gibberellic acid (GA3) together with boron (B) possibly helps in B re-distribution, thereby improving B translocation in guava leaves. The present study aimed to investigate the combined application of foliar sprays of GA3 and B on B concentrations in different leaves, guava fruit yield, and quality. Guava was subjected to control, 100 ppm GA3, 0.6% B, and 100 ppm GA3 + 0.6% B during the flowering seasons of 2021 and 2022. Individually, ‘GA3’ and ‘B’ remained insignificant for any of the measured parameters except for leaf B, nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) concentrations. Combined application of B along with GA3 increased guava yield by 27 and 38% during the years 2021 and 2022, respectively. The same treatment enhanced vitamin C contents by 21 and 20% and total sugars by 31 and 27%, whereas decreased total soluble solids by 10% and 15% during the year 2021 and 2022, respectively. In general, younger leaves had lower concentrations of B than older leaves, however, both factors ‘GA3’ and ‘B’ helped in B redistribution. In conclusion, the interaction between foliar applied B and GA3 enhanced leaf B translocation because of the additive effects of both factors, which thus exhibited strong correlations with other nutrients and improved the fruit quality and yield of guava. Foliar sprays of boron (B) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were applied to guava plants.Individually, both B and GA3 remained insignificant in enhancing guava yield.The combined application of B and GA3 had additive effects on leaf B accumulation.Moreover, the interaction between B and GA3 resulted in maximum guava production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascorbic acid (AA) or vitamin C, is vital in food safety, pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. This review discusses recent advancements in biosensors for AA detection. Traditional macro-analysis techniques such as high-performance liquids chromatography (HPLC), and flow injection analysis (FIA) provide accurate measurements but are costly and require specialized handling. Miniaturized nano-sensors are emerging as promising alternatives, offering advantages such as portability, cost effectiveness, and rapid response. This review explores the working principles of these nano-sensors, highlighting colorimetric, fluorometric and electrochemical detection methods. It also outlines the current AA biosensing landscape, detailing strategies to improve selectivity and specificity, including the choice of biorecognition elements and material selection for detection probe synthesis. Emerging nanomaterials and their applicability to support sensing activity are explored. This review serves as a valuable resource, suggesting future research directions to address existing challenges and further advance biosensor technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting the appropriate dosage of nano zinc oxide for tomato and capsicum plants is crucial since higher concentration may negatively impact crop productivity and quality. Maintaining soil health helps in increasing crop output and quality without degrading the soil from overfertilization. The main objective of the study was to determine the physiological responses of both crops and ideal dose of nano zinc oxide (ZnO) for yield maximization and quality enhancement under controlled conditions. In present study, nano ZnO had noticeable effect on the fruit and quality parameters of both Solanaceous crops. Plants were treated with seed treatment and foliar applications of nano ZnO @ 50, 100, and 150 parts per million (ppm) along with 100% recommended dose of nutrients (RDN) through vermicompost; and 100% RDN through integration of vermicompost and fertilizers. In addition, nano zinc oxide was not supplied to the control treatment plants (T1). The results of the study revealed that 50 ppm of nano ZnO as foliar spray increased fruit and quality parameters in tomato and capsicum. In case of protein content, treatment comprised of 50 ppm of nano ZnO as seed treatment + 100% RDN through vermicompost and fertilizers, produced higher protein content over control. Furthermore, the application of nano ZnO lowered ascorbic acid levels in tomato and capsicum, while the control had the greatest levels. These results suggested that lower concentration of ZnO nanoparticles (50 ppm) is an ideal dosage and could be used in tomato and capsicum cultivation to improve yield and quality indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the wide consumption of Brassica leaves as Saag in North India during the winter season, there is a notable gap in the information regarding the nutritional profile of the available germplasm resources. This study aims to compare the nutritional value and mineral composition of eleven green leafy Brassica accessions of Indian and exotic origin. A significant variation was recorded in health-promoting compounds among the different accessions. The heat map generated through hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) depicts three promising accessions, namely Chinese Sarson, Saag sarson, and KPT 9, which exhibit rich nutritional and antioxidant properties. Additionally, ascorbic acid and total phenols significantly correlated with the antioxidant activity of Brassica leafy greens. A significant difference in the compositional pattern of key macro-minerals (Ca, Mg, P) and micro-minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) was noticed in the accessions. Among the eleven accession studied, GSC 7, Saag Sarson and Kangra Brown Sarson 3 exhibited richness in these elements, making them a suitable source for supplying a sizable portion of our daily mineral requirements. Subsequently, the Saag, an Indian cuisine prepared from the leaves of these accessions was subjected to sensory evaluation. The results showed that Chinese Sarson and Saag sarson received the highest consumer acceptance and were greatly appreciated. The information acquired from this study could serve as a valuable reference for the selection of high-quality leafy Brassica varieties for breeding programs aimed at enhancing nutritional value and broadening the genetic base of this important food crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food and nutrition security are essential for accomplishing sustainable development goals, and a growing population requires various food sources to address hunger and nutrition. Indigenous vegetables are nutritious, healthy, and adaptable to local conditions, making them a potential food and nutrition security resource. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional richness of indigenous vegetables by comparing the nutritional content of commonly grown indigenous vegetables like Chenopodium album (Bathua), Coccinia grandis (Telakucha), Amaranthus viridis (Shaknotey), Moringa oleifera (Shojne), Alternanthera philoxeroides (Malancha), and Xanthium strumarium (Ghagra) to BARI Lalshak-1 (Amaranthus tricolor). Shojne violet had the highest lightness (L*), directions (b*), and chroma (c*) of 43.50, 23.69, and 25.02, respectively and telakucha had the highest luminosity (h°) of 114.11. Shaknotey had more moisture (88.97 %) than bathua green (66.62 %) or ghagra (72.55 %). Ghagra had the most chlorophyll a (1.11 mg/g), b (0.65 mg/g), total chlorophyll (2.04 mg/g), ascorbic acid (22.0 mg/100 g), and flavonoids (50.1 mgQE/100 g). Bathua red had significant levels of anthocyanin, carotenoids, and strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 value): 42.9 µg/g, 0.24 mg/g, and 12.4 µg/mL, respectively. Shojne green and telakucha were found rich in phenolic content (136.0 mgGAE/100 g) and β-carotene (2.05 mg/100 g), respectively. Moreover, the studied indigenous vegetables were rich in minerals, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron, with a very high K content (49.4–79.4 mg/g). Correlation matrix and PCA showed that ghagra, shojne, and bathua species were nutritionally superior to others. Therefore, the current findings suggest that ghara, shojne and bathua can become a nutrient-rich indigenous vegetable and improve human nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, the use of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has become increasingly common, leading to severe environmental pollution and harm to aquatic organisms. 17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) is a synthetic androgen that can cause immunotoxicity in aquaculture, affecting fish health. To address this issue, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Vitamin C (VC) on MT-induced immunotoxicity and determine the optimal VC supplementation. Results: Carassius auratus was exposed to 50 ng/L MT and treated with 25, 50, and 150 mg/kg VC for 7, 14, and 21 d. Morphological indicators, histological characteristics, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression were analyzed. Additionally, RNA-seq was performed on the liver tissues of the control, MT, and MT + 25 mg/kg VC groups after 21 d. Results showed that, MT treatment significantly increased liver malondialdehyde content and inhibited immune-related gene expression (TNF-α, IL-8, INF-γ, IL-10, Caspase-9, and IGF-I), causing oxidative stress and immunotoxicity, leading to hepatic steatosis. However, supplementation with 25–50 mg/kg VC effectively alleviated the MT-induced damage to the hepatic structure and immune system. RNA-seq revealed significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in multiple signaling pathways, including the mTOR, MAPK, and Wnt pathways. Conclusions: In summary, 25–50 mg/kg VC alleviated inhibitory effect of MT on immune-related genes in C. auratus liver, reducing MT-induced tissue damage. VC not only alleviated inflammation, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity induced by MT through the regulation of the mTOR, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways, but also indirectly enhanced cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms by regulating the NRF2 pathway. This provides a theoretical basis for VC application in aquaculture, improving fish health and increasing efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Microbial melanins possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. However, there is little understanding of their neuroprotective and neuronal cell differentiation properties. This study aimed to extract, purify, and modify melanins from two medicinal fungi (Daedaleopsis tricolor and Fomes fomentarius), and to evaluate their antioxidant activity, as well as their cell protective ability against neurotoxins. In addition, the study also investigated the feasibility of combining melanins or modified melanins with retinoic acid (RA) to induce neuronal differentiation. Methods: Melanin was extracted and purified using alkaline acid-based methods. Antioxidant activities and neuroprotective effects were evaluated using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays, respectively. In addition, morphological changes of SH-SY5Y cells were recorded by using a Pannoramic MIDI scanner. Results: All melanins and arginine-modified melanins displayed mild DPPH scavenging activities, which were statistically lower than that of ascorbic acid (p < 0.05). In terms of neuroprotection, both melanins and arginine-modified melanins exhibited significant cell protection against H2O2 after 24 h exposure (p < 0.05). Notably, there is no significant difference between F. fomentarius melanin and its modified form as they both increased cell viability by about 20%. Contrarily, while D. tricolor melanin enhanced the cell viability with 16%, its modified form increased the cell viability with 21%. These activities, however, are significantly lower than the positive control (N-acetylcysteine, p < 0.05). Regarding MPTP, only the arginine-modified melanins of the two fungi significantly protected the cells after 24 h exposure to the toxin (p < 0.05). Specifically, F. fomentarius and D. tricolor modified melanins enhanced the cell viability with 10.2% and 11.1%, respectively, whereas that of the positive control was 13.2%. Interestingly, combining RA (10 µM) with 20 µg/mL of either F. fomentarius, or especially D. tricolor arginine-modified melanin, significantly promoted neuroblastoma cell differentiation into mature neuronal cells compared to using RA alone (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The arginine-modified melanins of D. tricolor and F. fomentarius have potential for neuroprotection against Parkinsonian neurotoxins. In addition, the arginine-modified melanin of D. tricolor may serve as an excellent material for research in neuroblastoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this study, composite biscuits were produced by combining wheat flour (WF) with different proportions of malted pearl millet (MPM) flour (8%, 16%, 24%, and 32%) and orange peel (OP) flour (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%), using 100% WF as a control. The investigation covered the functional properties, viscosity, and thermal properties of the flours, along with the proximate composition, antioxidant, physical properties, color attributes, and microbial quality of the composite biscuits. As MPM and OP flour (OPF) contents increased, water absorption capacity, dispersibility, and foaming power increased, while the viscosities of both hot and cold pastes decreased. The thermal properties of the composite flours, including onset, peak, and final temperatures (ranging between 74.19°C and 100.76°C), showed an upward trend with increasing proportions of MPM and orange peel flour (OPF). There was an increase in moisture content (3.43%–4.93%), ash (4.50%–5.59%), crude protein (11.70%–13.41%), and crude fiber (11.44%–16.24%) of biscuits with the incorporation of MPM and OPF. Similarly, the diameter (4.12–4.60 mm), thickness (9.00–10.00 mm), and hardness (7.53–8.75 N) of the biscuits were increased. Antioxidant properties were evident, with an increased total phenolic content (1.40–3.56 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoid content (2.91–6.79 mg QUE/100 g), vitamin C (0.79–1.01 mg/g), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (1.78–8.64 mg GAE/g). Conversely, color attributes—L* (31.90), a* (10.82), b* (19.59), hue angle (30.42), and chroma (53.66)—were found to decrease with higher levels of MPM and OPF. Microbial quality showed decreased total counts, coliforms, yeasts, and mold in biscuits containing MPM and OPF. Overall, the inclusion of MPM and OPF enhanced the nutritional quality of the biscuits and could reduce reliance on imported wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the anthocyanins of red radishes (ARR) rich in polyacylated pelargonidin glucosides are used as commercial food pigment, they are unstable. We found that the anthocyanin purity of the crude ARR extract can be rapidly increased by 5 times using D101 macroporous resin (mass ratio of extract:resin = 1:2.2). Capsule constructed by chitosan (CTS), pectin (PT) and yeast glucan particles (YGP) presented a high efficiency to encapsulate ARR. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis verified that polyacylated pelargonidin glucosides in ARR were packed into the capsule. Microstructure observation and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy further confirmed the encapsulated structure. Co-encapsulation of CTS, PT and YGP showed effective protection for ARR against heat, oxygen, ascorbic acid, and physiological pH. This encapsulation also significantly improved the gastric and intestinal bioaccessibilities of ARR. These results suggested that the triplex-coated YGPs might be a promising strategy to protect and deliver polyacylated anthocyanin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cochlear hair cell senescence is one of the major causes of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and is significantly related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Research shows that vitamin C (VC) can inhibit ROS accumulation; however, its association with cochlear hair cell senescence remains elusive. Methods and results: Firstly, a cellular senescence model was established using D-galactose (D-gal) induced HEI-OC1 cells for 24 h. Senescent HEI-OC1 cells were then continued to be treated with the addition of VC or ROS inhibitor (N-acetylcysteine; NAC) for another 24 h, and explored the impact of VC on senescent cochlear hair cell and the potential regulatory mechanisms. The results indicated that D-gal-induced senescent HEI-OC1 cells, manifested as decreased cell viability, increased β-galactosidase activity and p21 protein level, and ROS and pro-inflammatory factors were upregulated, and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation was enhanced. However, the use of VC or NAC can significantly ameliorate these effects and improve HEI-OC1 cell senescence. Conclusions: This research indicates that VC can ameliorate D-gal-induced senescence of HEI-OC1 cochlear hair cells, and its protective effect may be related to the inhibition of the ROS/NF-κB pathway, which provides a new research direction for the prevention and treatment of ARHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Untreated cotton usually needs to be scoured to remove hydrophobic pectin and wax for the demands of subsequent processing such as dyeing and finishing. Pectinase can degrade pectin on cotton fibers, but the catalytic efficiency is not particularly high. This study developed a new scouring method for cotton fabrics by pectin hydrolase combined with an ascorbic acid (VC)/H2O2 Fenton-like system. The GPC results showed that water-soluble pectin (1969.2 kDa) could be degraded into 10.6 kDa within 30 min through pectinase with VC/H2O2. The FTIR results suggested that VC/H2O2 breaks the ester bonds on water-soluble pectin. The results of XPS demonstrated that the α-1,4-glycosidic bonds of pectin could be degraded more effectively through VC/H2O2 oxidation and pectinase hydrolysis. The fabrics scoured with VC/H2O2–pectinase exhibited a reduction in wetting time (from > 200 to 8.04 s) and an increase in vertical wicking height (from 0.1 to 6.70 cm) in comparison to the fabrics treated with pectinase. The pilot-scale machine experiments yielded satisfactory performance with VC/H2O2–pectinase scoured fabrics, suggesting that VC/H2O2–pectinase scouring has potential for practical application. The cotton fabric scouring by VC/H2O2–pectinase is a simple and efficient method with the advantages of mild treatment conditions, less damage to cotton fabrics and environmental friendliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The development of red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion during hypothermic storage has long posed challenges for blood transfusion efficacy. These alterations are primarily driven by oxidative stress, concern both structural and biochemical aspects of RBCs, and affect their interactions with the recipient's tissues post-transfusion. Efforts to counteract these effects focus on improving the antioxidant capacity within stored RBCs, reducing oxygen exposure, and scavenging harmful molecules that accumulate during storage. Various supplements, such as ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, polyphenolic compounds, and specific metabolites have shown the potential to improve RBC quality by reducing oxidative lesions and lysis phenomena, and enhancing antioxidant, energy, or proteostasis networks. Accordingly, anaerobic storage has emerged as a promising strategy, demonstrating improved RBC storability and recovery in both animal models and preliminary human studies. Finally, targeted scavenging of harmful storage-related phenotypes and molecules, like removal signals, oxidized proteins, and extracellular hemoglobin, while not so studied, also has the potential to benefit both the unit and the patient in need. Omics technologies have aided a lot in these endeavors by revealing biomarkers of superior storability and, thus, potential novel supplementation strategies. Nonetheless, while the so far examined storage modifications show significant promise, there are not many post-transfusion studies (either in vitro , in animal models, or humans) to evaluate RBC efficacy in the transfusion setting. Looking ahead, the future of blood storage and transfusion will likely depend on the optimization of these interventions to extend the shelf-life and quality of stored RBCs, as well as their therapeutic outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra and the surrounding parts of central India, Waywar (citrus greening bacterium) fruit disorder, also known as wasteful fruit disorder, is a common manifestation of Nagpur mandarin fruit. In Vidarbha, the condition is also known as cock bund, while in China, it is called ‘Red Nose.’ According to early research, this condition is caused by abiotic stress factors, such as poor nutrition, too much moisture in the root zone, and other incorrect cultural practices. Recent research, however, has unequivocally shown that Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus, the citrus greening bacterium, is responsible for this illness. When compared to normal growing fruits (0.82–0.89), the length to diameter ratio of Waywar fruits at the peak of incidence was reported in the range of 0.95–1.09, indicating their oblong shape. Premature Waywar fruits had higher acidity levels (1.75 to 2.04%) than normal fruits (1.65 to 2.03%) and produced seeds that were not viable. The cultural treatments applied to reduce the ill effects of the disorder improved the physico-chemical characteristics of Nagpur mandarin fruit at the time of harvesting. When compared to the untreated control, foliar spraying with growth regulators 2,4-D (15 ppm) and GA3 (15 ppm) enhanced the amount of fruit retained per plant at harvest. The critical fruit quality parameters like TSS (10.10%) and vitamin C (39.37 mg/100 ml) were highest in GA3 treated fruits. Maximum TSS/Acid ratio (14.00) and minimum acidity (0.69%) were noted with phosphorus applied at three times the RDF level at harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of vitamin C as an antioxidant in guarding against osteoporosis in adults is still debated. This research employs both a cross-sectional study and a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore how serum vitamin C levels correlate with the incidence of osteoporosis among adults. Methods: In this study, we utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for the years 2003–2006, and 2017–2018 to conduct both a cross-sectional analysis and MR to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin C levels and the risk of osteoporosis in adults. We adjusted our analyses for essential demographic and lifestyle variables, and applied logistic regression techniques. Genetic determinants of vitamin C levels were analyzed through MR, using methods like inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and MR-Egger to assess causality. Statistical computations were carried out in R, incorporating visual tools such as restricted cubic spline curves (RCS) and forest plots to clarify the dose–response dynamics and variations across different subgroups. This study was approved by the NCHS Ethics Review Board, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results: In our investigation, we analyzed data from 3,940 participants, among whom 291 were diagnosed with osteoporosis. The logistic regression analysis of serum vitamin C quartiles did not indicate a significant trend. The most adjusted model showed a slight, albeit inconsistent, protective effect in the highest quartile (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47–0.99, P = 0.22). Mendelian randomization, employing methods such as IVW, reinforced the absence of a significant causal relationship between serum vitamin C levels and osteoporosis risk (IVW OR = 1.000, 95% CI: 0.999–1.001, P = 0.601).Subgroup analyses, visualized through forest plots and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves, supported the primary findings, showing no significant effects or interactions between vitamin C levels and osteoporosis risk across different demographic and lifestyle subgroups. The RCS analysis particularly highlighted a lack of significant non-linear relationships between serum vitamin C concentration and the odds of osteoporosis (P for nonlinear = 0.840). Conclusions: The cross-sectional study revealed that higher serum vitamin C levels do not consistently correlate with a reduced risk of osteoporosis. Meanwhile, the Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed that there is no genetic evidence to suggest a causal relationship between vitamin C levels and osteoporosis risk. Recent research highlights the polygenic nature of osteoporosis, with genetic predispositions playing a significant role in disease risk. The relationship between serum vitamin C and osteoporosis requires further research. This suggests the need for further investigation into the connection between vitamin C and bone health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionThe association between vitamin C status and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mortality remains unclear.A total of 4864 adults aged 60 years or above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III 1988–1994 were included in this study. Serum vitamin C levels were measured by the fully automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Death and underlying causes of death were ascertained by linkage to death records through December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between serum vitamin C and AD mortality.During 65,251 person-years of follow-up (a median follow-up of 12.0 years), 158 deaths occurred from AD. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and dietary factors, body mass index, baseline diseases and vitamin C supplement use, compared with participants with deficiency serum vitamin C concentrations (< 53 µmol/L), the multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) for AD mortality was 0.62 (0.39-0.99) for participants with adequate serum vitamin C concentrations (53-70 µmol/L) and 0.64 (0.34-1.18) for participants with saturate serum vitamin C concentrations (> 70 µmol/L).In this nationally representative sample of US adults, higher serum vitamin C was significantly associated with lower risk of AD mortality. These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin C status may aid in lowering AD mortality risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, 2-amino-6-(tert-butyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (1) was synthesized in excellent yield through gewald reaction in multi components one pot reaction. Compound 1 was utilized as a building block to synthesize a new group of tetrahydro benzo[b] thiophene congeners. The chemical structure of all the novel tetrahydro benzo[b]thiophene derivatives were elucidated through the melting point, elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of all the newly synthesized heterocyclic derivatives was evaluated according to the phosphomolybdenum method using ascorbic acid as standard. The findings revealed that compounds 1, 16, and 17 demonstrated significant antioxidant potency comparable to that of ascorbic acid. This suggests the potential of these heterocycles as promising candidates for antioxidant drugs in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. Finally, molecular docking was conducted to study the binding affinity for the most potent antioxidant compounds 1, 16, 17 and ascorbic acid inside the interactions of compounds 1, 16, and 17 with the Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) protein (PDB: 7C5E), compared to the co-crystallized ligand triethylene glycol (PGE) and ascorbic acid as a reference drug for antioxidants. DFT calculations and global descriptors were calculated for the most potent compounds to correlate the relation between chemical structure and reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractHydroxyurea (HU) exerts unique and diverse biological effects as an anti-leukemic agent, irradiation sensitizer, and HbS inducer in patients with sickle cell anemia. Herein, we assessed the potential toxicogenic and/or oxidant effects of hydroxyurea associated with ascorbic acid by in vivo examinations in Allium cepa and human cancer cells and systemically on mice tissues. Growing A. cepa roots and HCT-116 colorectal tumor cells were examined after HU and HU plus ascorbic acid exposure. DNA damage and antioxidant enzymatic activity were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), bone marrow leukocytes and livers of mice after 7 day-HU treatment (7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg/day) and Vitamin C 2 μM. Hydroxyurea presented toxic effects on meristematic Allium cepa cells, causing chromosomal abnormalities and reduction of mitotic index, killed HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells and induced DNA injuries upon mice cells (hepatocytes, bone marrow leukocytes and PBMC). Simultaneously, hydroxyurea decreased levels of CAT and GSH activities and expand lipid peroxidation. All these biochemical and physiological changes were ameliorated when associated with ascorbic acid, indicating it restored antioxidant enzymes, decreased MDA levels, removed peroxides and, consequently, presented cytoprotection against HU-provoked cellular damage in normal cells. On the other hand, antioxidants compounds may interfere on effectiveness of HU during anticancer chemotherapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a multi-purpose, climate resilient, pulse crop with exceptionally high protein content that makes it a suitable alternative of soybean in livestock feed. Although white lupin grows well on marginal sandy soils, previous studies have reported its sensitivity towards salinity stress. This experiment aims to assess the influence of salinity stress and mitigating role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on performance of white lupin. Methodology: The white lupin plants were sown in pots maintained at three salinity levels (1, 3 and 4.5 dS m− 1) throughout the growing season and foliar sprayed with different PGRs, including ascorbic acid, potassium chloride, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and methionine at sowing, four weeks after emergence and at the initiation of flowering. Foliar spray of distilled water and salinity level of 1 dS m− 1 were maintained as control treatments. Data were recorded for seed germination indices, plant growth, antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic efficiency variables. Results: The severe salinity stress (4.5 dS m− 1) reduced the germination indices by 9–50%, plant growth traits by 26–54%, root nodulation by 12–26%, grain development by 44–53%, antioxidant enzymes activity by 13–153% and photosynthetic attributes by 1–8% compared to control (1 dS m− 1). Different PGRs improved several morpho-physiological attributes in a varied manner. The application of potassium chloride improved seed vigour index by 53%, while ascorbic acid improved root nodulation by 12% and number of pods per cluster by 75% at the severe salinity level. The foliar application of PGRs also displayed a recovery of 140% in the activity of superoxide dismutase and 70% in catalase. The application of multi zinc displayed an improvement of 37% in plant relative chlorophyll, while ascorbic acid brought an increase of 25% in non-photochemical quenching and 21% in photochemical quenching coefficient at the severe salinity level. On contrary, the application of PGRs brought a relatively modest improvement (8–13%) in quantum yield of photosystem II at slight to moderate (3 dS m− 1) salinity stress. The correlation analysis confirmed a partial contribution of leaf area and seed vigour index to overall photosynthetic efficiency of white lupin. Conclusions: Clearly, salinity exerted a negative impact on white lupin through a decline in chlorophyll content, activity of antioxidant enzymes and efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus. However, PGRs, especially ascorbic acid and potassium chloride considerably improved white lupin growth and development by mitigating the negative effects of salinity stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nNOVELTY STATEMENTA hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the variations in membrane permeabilities, chlorophyll contents, antioxidase activities, the ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle, and the glyoxalase system in the leaves of Pontederia cordata with 0 ∼ 15.0 mg L−1 lead ion (Pb2+) exposure. The concentrations of Pb2+ accumulated in the plant roots, stems, and leaves were also evaluated. After 7 days of exposure, the plants maintained normal growth, and there was a significant increase in ascorbate peroxidase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. With 5.0 mg L−1 Pb2+ exposure for 28 days, nearly 66.36% of Pb2+ accumulated in the roots, while excess Pb2+ immobilized in the leaves was not observed. Exposure to 10.0 and 15.0 mg L−1 Pb2+ for 28 days significantly increased Pb2+ contents in the leaves. This led to decrease in chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid contents, and to increase in the methylglyoxal content in the leaves. With 10 and 15 mg L−1 Pb2+ exposure, NPT and PCs contents in leaves increased. however, the glyoxalase system did not function well in the plant tolerant to Pb2+ at higher concentrations. The AsA-GSH cycle did not cooperate with the glyoxalase system in the plant defense against Pb2+ exposure in the present investigation.The role of the ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle and the glyoxalase system separately has been reported in numerous studies. however, the synergistic role of both in plants’ defense against heavy metal exposure was discussed in our present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTCitrus peels are rich in bioactive phenolic compounds with various health effects including antioxidant, antiobesity, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, antihypercholesterolemic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticarcinogenic activities. Both extractable and nonextractable phenolics are present in significant amounts in Citrus peel with diverse bioactivities. While extractable phenolics can be recovered from the fruit peels by conventional extraction methods, nonextractable phenolics remaining in the residues must be released from the cell matrix first by hydrolysis with acid, alkali, or enzymes. Novel processing technologies can help in improvement of extraction efficiency. Extreme process or medium conditions degrade phenolics and their bioactivity where encapsulation can be applied to improve their stability, solubility, and bioactivity. Citrus peel powder including ascorbic acid and dietary fiber besides phenolics or extracts therefrom can be used as functional food ingredients to extend shelf life and provide health benefits. In addition, phenolic extracts can be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in active food packaging applications. Phenolic extracts have also a potential to be used as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. In this review, phenolic compounds in different forms in Citrus peels, their recovery, bioactivity and possible applications for upcycling in the industry are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Pomegranate is one of the most popular fruits worldwide, and it is important to maintain the overall quality and bioaccessibility of freshly squeezed pomegranate juices (PJS). The adverse effects of heat treatment on sensory properties and phytochemicals encourage the use of non‐thermal processes in the juice industry. Hereby, the effects of high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) (50, 100, and 150 MPa) on the physicochemical properties, antimicrobial activity, in vitro bioaccessibility, and antioxidant capacity of freshly‐squeezed PJS from different genotypes were investigated. Instrumental color values (L*, a*, and b*) of PJS generally decreased, while pH and aw values increased with HPH processing (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial activity of PJS was not significantly affected by HPH processing (p > 0.05). Sarıcakaya‐1 had higher bioactive constituent content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH‐ARA, ABTS‐ARA, and FRAP) than other genotypes (p < 0.05). Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of PJS were increased by HPH treatment, whereas total anthocyanin content (TAC) and ascorbic acid content (AAC) were decreased (p < 0.05). Accordingly, HPH treatment enhanced the release of phenolics and antioxidant capacity in PJS, while largely maintaining the presence of heat‐sensitive compounds. Regardless of genotype and HPH treatment, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion adversely affected TPC, TAC, AAC, and antioxidant capacity of all PJS. However, the 150 MPa HPH treatment of Saricakaya‐1 had the highest values for TPC bioaccessibility and recovered ABTS‐ARA after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (p < 0.05). Considering the overall data, 150 MPa HPH treatment can be recommended as an innovative approach to obtain minimally processed PJS to meet new trends in consumer demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) strategy was proposed for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA). Cerium-doped tungsten trioxide (Ce-WO3) microrods were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and further characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. Thereafter, they were deposited onto a cleaned fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass forming the working electrode as the photoactive material. Under strong visible light irradiation, the resulting PEC sensing platform generated the corresponding electron–hole pairs, converting light signals into electrical signals. Ascorbic acid served as a good electron donor to trap holes for improvement of photocurrent responses on Ce-WO3/FTO. Besides, the strength of photocurrent signals versus the logarithm of ascorbic acid concentration showed a good linearity over the ascorbic acid concentration range of 100–4000 nM and the limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 28.6 nM. Importantly, this PEC sensor had a fast response, high sensitivity, and distinguished selectivity for detecting ascorbic acid. In addition, it also had the features of being simple to fabricate, low production cost, and portable, which made it a promising means of ascorbic acid determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Currently, the large-scale consumption of fresh citrus fruits in the form of juices, jams, and purees results in significant quantities of waste consisting of citrus peels, pulp, and seeds. Methods: To improve the utilization rate of whole citrus fruits and reduce the generation of processing waste, the best pre-optimized enzymatic fermentation conditions were used to treat whole citrus fruits and to analyse the changes in nutritional and active components (Enzymatic: pectinase, cellulase, hemicellulase added at a ratio of 1:1:1 for 63.326 min at a temperature of 60°C, with 0.506% of each enzyme added; Fermentation: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TR08, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. Plantarum CICC 6257, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCFM1139 were added at a ratio of 1:1:1 for 30 h, with the concentration was 108 CFU/mL, and the total amount added was 6%). Results: Results showed that after enzymatic hydrolysis, the mineral elements (Nitrogen, phosphorus), total amino acid, vitamin C, and organic acid content increased. For soluble sugars, the contents of fructose and glucose increased, whereas the sucrose content decreased. Fermentation had a minimal effect on the mineral content; however, the total amino acid, vitamin C, and soluble sugar contents decreased. Additionally, when comparing the samples after enzymatic fermentation to those after enzymatic hydrolysis alone, the total phenols, total flavonoids, carotenoids and antioxidant activities were significantly increased by 1.39, 1.49, 1.21 and 3.79 folds, respectively. Discussion: This study addresses the challenges of utilizing fruit residue in the current market, including high treatment costs and environmental pollution, by providing a novel perspective on the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of whole red oranges. Furthermore, it aims to improve the nutritional, functional, and health benefits of citrus fruit products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great value to develop effective methods for accurately and simultaneously detecting ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA) in the field of biochemistry. This work reports a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of AA and DA by employing a Co-modified MCM-41 (CoMCM-41) mesoporous molecular sieve as an efficient electrocatalytic material, which was synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method. Subsequently, the high structural organization of the CoMCM-41 mesoporous structure was characterized, and the electrocatalytic performance of CoMCM-41 toward AA and DA oxidation was then evidenced by the catalytic effect of different electrodes modified with or without CoMCM-41. By virtue of the superior electrocatalytic activity of the CoMCM-41, a much wider peak potential difference (Δ E pa) of 310 mV was obtained for the oxidation of AA and DA in their mixture solution, and the parameters that influenced the electrochemical signals of the modified electrode were also optimized. Under optimal conditions, a good linear response to AA and DA was observed on the CoMCM-41 modified electrode. For individual detection of AA and DA, the linear ranges were 7 ~ 105 μM and 5 ~ 110 μM respectively, while the linear response range was 20 ~ 100 μM for simultaneous detection of AA and DA. Satisfactory recovery results were obtained when the fabricated sensor was applied to determine AA in orange juice and DA in madopar pill samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin C plays key roles in cellular homeostasis, functioning as a potent antioxidant and a positive regulator of cell differentiation. In skeletal muscle, the vitamin C/sodium co-transporter SVCT2 is preferentially expressed in oxidative slow fibers. SVCT2 is up-regulated during the early fusion of primary myoblasts and decreases during initial myotube growth, indicating the relevance of vitamin C uptake via SVCT2 for early skeletal muscle differentiation and fiber-type definition. However, our understanding of SVCT2 expression and function in adult skeletal muscles is still limited. Results: In this study, we demonstrate that SVCT2 exhibits an intracellular distribution in chicken slow skeletal muscles, following a highly organized striated pattern. A similar distribution was observed in human muscle samples, chicken cultured myotubes, and isolated mouse myofibers. Immunohistochemical analyses, combined with biochemical cell fractionation experiments, reveal a strong co-localization of SVCT2 with intracellular detergent-soluble membrane fractions at the central sarcomeric M-band, where it co-solubilizes with sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins. Remarkably, electrical stimulation of cultured myofibers induces the redistribution of SVCT2 into a vesicular pattern. Conclusions: Our results provide novel insights into the dynamic roles of SVCT2 in different intracellular compartments in response to functional demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact of dietary sources of antioxidants on age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common eye disease affecting older populations. It highlights the importance of a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals to maintain eye health and prevent the progression of AMD. The text emphasizes the role of antioxidants in protecting retinal cells from oxidative stress, which can contribute to the development and progression of AMD. Recommendations include consuming foods rich in antioxidants like Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Crocetin, Norbixin, Zinc, Vitamin C, Omega-3 fatty acids, and Resveratrol to promote eye health and potentially slow the progression of AMD. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Endometriosis is a common cause of female reproductive problems, and vitamin intake may affect its incidence. Therefore, we further explored the association between multivitamin intake and endometriosis in a large population-based study. Methods: This study included 3351 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2006. The dietary intake of eight vitamins was calculated as the average of two 24-h recall interviews, and information on endometriosis was obtained through questionnaires that included gynecological history. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between multivitamin intake and endometriosis. Smoothed curve fitting analysis was employed to assess the dose–response relationship between vitamins and endometriosis. Finally, subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted to determine the association of covariates between vitamins and endometriosis. Results: In this large-scale cross-sectional study, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the intake of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C and folate was negatively associated with the occurrence of endometriosis. The odds ratios associated with a per-SD increase were 0.836 (95%CI: 0.702, 0.997), 0.817 (95%CI: 0.702, 0.951), 0.860 (95%CI: 0.746, 0.991), 0.784 (95%CI: 0.669, 0.919), 0.845 (95%CI: 0.718, 0.994), and 0.772 (95%CI: 0.660, 0.903), respectively. Smoothed curve fitting analysis revealed that the intake of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, and folate was negatively associated with the risk of endometriosis (P < 0.05). Vitamin E showed a saturating effect, with an optimal cutoff point at 13.18. Below this cutoff, the intake of vitamin E was negatively correlated with the risk of endometriosis (OR = 0.947, 95% CI: 0.906, 0.989), whereas above the cutoff, there was no significant correlation between vitamin E intake and the risk of endometriosis (OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 0.997, 1.005). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a significant linear negative correlation between the intake of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, and folate, and the risk of endometriosis, and reveal a threshold effect for vitamin E intake on the risk of endometriosis. These findings could inform clinical dietary interventions and may support the development of preventive strategies for endometriosis, potentially aiding in its reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most widely cultivated species globally is Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward'. However, in recent years, consumers have shown greater demand for new varieties with novel flesh colour, flavour and appearance in international markets. To meet these expectations, one breeding study was started in 2016 at the University of Guilan in Iran to develop new kiwifruit cultivars with superior characteristics. In this breeding program, 201 female and 534 male hybrid genotypes were obtained from combinations of six different parents using the controlled cross-breeding technique. The evaluations were carried out over three consecutive stages. In the first stage, 201 female hybrid genotypes and control ('Golden') were evaluated based on 25 phenological and pomological traits. In the second stage, hybrids passed the desired threshold values in 7 key attributes were selected. Sensory testing in the next stage evaluated these selected hybrid genotypes more. As a result of the first stage, 30 hybrid genotypes with fruit weight (90 ≥ g) were selected. Then, in the second stage, 21 hybrids that showed acceptable dry matter, hue angle, flesh firmness, soluble solid content, acidity, and ascorbic acid were selected. Finally, 13 hybrid genotypes received high scores in sensory testing, and just two hybrid genotypes represented a 100% of novelty with positive texture. These genotypes were selected as potential cultivar candidates. In future studies, fruit yield, disease/pest resistance, and post-harvest performance trials of the 13 selected candidates will be evaluated at different sites. Thus, the ones that give the best results will be introduced to kiwifruit growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is a popular fruit with rich nutrients and a delicious taste. But this fruit is very vulnerable to diseases and decay. Therefore, L‐phenylalanine (Phe) (0, 4, 8 mM) was considered to improve biochemical characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes in strawberry fruit cv. Sabrina under cold storage (5, 10, 15 days). After treatment and storage, traits including weight loss, total phenol (TP), antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid, total anthocyanin (TA), total flavonoid (TF), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein content and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) were evaluated at 5‐day intervals. Our findings showed that the treatment of L‐phenylalanine in different concentrations prevented the weight loss of the fruit compared to the control and maintained and increased TP, antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid, TA, TF, soluble protein and SOD, CAT, APX, POD, and PAL enzymes activity. Also, Phe decreased the MDA content and peroxidation of lipid. The results showed that 4 mM Phe is the best treatment for improving phytochemical characteristics and maintaining fruit quality. The findings indicated that Phe treatment may be useful to improve quality and increase postharvest shelf life in strawberry fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ascorbic acid (AA) and cysteine (Cys) were used as homogeneous potassium persulfate (S2O82−) activators. The efficiency of the S2O82−/AA and S2O82−/Cys systems was investigated to generate sulfate radicals (SO4−•) for the oxidation of sulfathiazole (STZ). The presence of AA and Cys displayed a promoting effect on the activation of S2O82−. The results indicated that the STZ/S2O82− redox reaction followed pseudo‐first order kinetics with respect to STZ concentrations. The oxidative degradation of STZ is accelerated by temperature, dose of S2O82−, AA, Cys, and pH with S2O82−/AA and/or S2O82−/Cys systems. The degradation rates of STZ followed the order S2O82−/AA > S2O82−/Cys > S2O82− under similar experimental conditions. The presence of SO4−• and HO• were tested with two radical scavengers, tertiary butanol (TBA) and ethanol, in which HO• was mainly responsible for STZ degradation at higher pH. In summary, S2O82−/AA and S2O82−/Cys systems might provide a potentially useful technique for remediation of water contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION The present investigation aimed to enhance the postharvest shelf‐life of broccoli using vacuum impregnation (VI). Broccoli florets were impregnated with physiologically active chemicals, i.e. calcium chloride and ascorbic acid. Post‐impregnation broccoli florets were packed in three different packaging materials (poly(ethylene terephthalate) punnets, low‐density polyethylene pouches and shrink‐wrap film) and stored at two temperatures (5 and 25 °C). The effects of impregnation solutions, packaging materials and storage temperature on physicochemical attributes (weight loss, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total chlorophylls and carotenoid content), antioxidant and phenolic contents, and shelf life were studied. The changes in the chemical structure post‐impregnation and during storage were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.Results showed that impregnated broccoli florets exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of biochemical attributes immediately after impregnation. During storage, the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of broccoli florets declined for all the samples. However, the reduction in these properties was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in impregnated florets as compared to untreated control samples. Principal component analysis and FTIR results also indicated a clear difference in the impregnated and control samples. The shelf‐life of broccoli florets stored at 25 °C was assessed as 4 and 3 days for impregnated and control samples, respectively; whereas the samples stored at 5 °C had a shelf‐life of 12 days for impregnated samples and 5 days for the control samples. The findings of the study elucidate the potential of VI in enhancing the initial quality and shelf‐life of broccoli.The deterioration during storage is primarily due to physiological weight loss, a natural loss of water and volatile compounds that occur following harvest due to transpiration and respiration. Excessive transpiration can lead to dehydration, which reduces the quality and shelf‐life of the product. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat stress poses a substantial challenge to poultry production worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for effective management strategies. This study investigated the efficacy of probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and ascorbic acid as antistress agents using cloacal and body surface temperatures (CT and BST) as heat stress biomarkers in broiler chickens. A total of 56 broiler chicks were used for the experiment and were divided into four distinct groups: control, probiotics (1 g/kg of feed), ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg of feed) and the combination of probiotics and ascorbic acid (1 g/kg and 200 mg/kg of feed, respectively). The study lasted 35 days; measurements were taken for ambient temperature (AT), CT, and BST. The ambient temperature in the pens consistently exceeded the thermoneutral zone (TNZ) established for broiler chickens. The CT values for broiler chickens in the probiotic group were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Additionally, the BST values in the probiotic and probiotic + ascorbic acid groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in the control group. The findings suggest that incorporating probiotics, with or without ascorbic acid, can effectively reduce CT and BST values in broiler chickens thereby, enhancing thermoregulation when compared to the control group. This implies that using probiotics in poultry diets may enhance health and growth performance, potentially leading to better feed efficiency and reduced reliance on antibiotics. Implementing these dietary strategies could improve the productivity and welfare of broiler chickens in commercial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a bioactive carbohydrate known for its preservation properties. However, the efficacy of preharvest AOS treatment in maintaining the postharvest quality of hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) has not been previously reported. This study explores the effects of preharvest AOS treatment (80 mg L−1) on A. arguta fruit, assessing visual quality, physiological attributes, aroma, and antioxidant capacity during refrigeration and shelf life. Results showed that AOS treatment maintained higher lightness, chroma, firmness, and antioxidant levels (total phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and glutathione), along with antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase). Specifically, AOS‐treated fruit had 9% higher chroma and double the firmness after 60 days of refrigeration. AOS treatment reduced ripening and senescence, with 25% lower soluble solids content, 22% lower respiration rate, 30% lower ethylene production, and 35% lower malondialdehyde content. Electronic nose analysis indicated that AOS treatment suppressed changes in fruit aroma and off‐odor development, maintaining significantly higher quality during the shelf life period. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of AOS as a sustainable method to extend shelf life and preserve the quality of A. arguta fruit, enhancing its market value and consumer appeal. Practical Application: The research on using alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) for preharvest treatment of hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) has practical applications in the food industry. By extending the shelf life and preserving the quality of the fruit during storage, this method can help reduce postharvest losses and improve the market value and consumer appeal of A. arguta fruit. This sustainable preservation technique offers an eco‐friendly alternative to traditional methods, enhancing the freshness and nutritional quality of the fruit available to consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvested longan fruit is prone to pericarp browning, which restricts preservation quality and shortens fruit shelf life. The antioxidant system can defend against oxidative stress–mediated quality deterioration such as fruit browning. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) on anti‐browning ability of longan fruit in association with redox metabolism. The results indicated that the application of 0.02% TBHQ significantly suppressed the progression of pericarp browning. In comparison with control, TBHQ treatment decreased the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O2−⋅), and malondialdehyde, and retained high levels of ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), total phenolics as well as 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging rate. Enhanced enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), but decreased activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were also observed in TBHQ‐treated fruit. Gene expression analysis indicated that redox metabolism‐related genes, including DlSOD, DlCAT, DlGR, and DlAPX, were upregulated after TBHQ treatment. Correlation analysis suggested that antioxidants, including AsA, GSH, CAT, APX, SOD, and DHAR, were negatively correlated to reactive oxygen species production and percarp browning. These results suggest that TBHQ is effective in alleviating pericarp browning by increasing antioxidant capacity of longan fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pingyin rose is an edible flower rich in anthocyanins. In this study, antioxidant capacity and color were used as the main evaluation indexes to investigate the effects of common physical and chemical factors on the stability of rose anthocyanin extracts (RAEs). In addition, the physicochemical properties of the whey protein isolate (WPI)‐RAEs complex after spray drying were studied. Vitamin C, temperature, and some metal ions can cause different degrees of discoloration of RAEs solution. More importantly, heat treatment, as well as most metal ions and sugars, had no significant effect on the antioxidant capacity of RAEs solution (p > 0.05). Moreover, compared to spray‐dried pure WPI, the WPI‐RAEs powder was delicate and uniform, and had higher particle size, bulk density, moisture activity, and better gel properties. The release rate of all WPI‐RAEs sol/gel to RAEs reached about 89% in the intestinal digestion stage, but the WPI‐RAEs interaction reduced the digestibility of protein in the intestinal digestion stage. We hope that this study can provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of WPI‐RAEs as food ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing dialysis suffer from muscle cramps, a prevalent and burdensome symptom for which there is a paucity of efficient and safe treatments. Aim: What is the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of dialysis‐related muscle cramps? Design: A systematic review was conducted in OVID, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Central Cochrane databases up to August 25, 2023. Data Sources: Experimental studies reporting on a pharmacological intervention for the treatment of dialysis‐related muscle cramps were included. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis, and the studies quality was assessed with the RoB2 tool. Results: A total of 4660 studies were retrieved, and 13 articles were included. The studies reported on nine interventions: vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K2, vitamin B7, dextrose solutions, gabapentin, sodium chloride, creatine monohydrate, and L‐carnitine. The studies testing L‐carnitine and creatine monohydrate were the only ones deemed to have a low risk of bias. Side effects were reported in only two trials, consisting primarily of gastrointestinal discomfort and hyperglycemia. Vitamins C and E are the two most studied interventions that showed positive results in reducing the frequency, severity, and duration of dialysis‐related muscle cramps. L‐carnitine is a promising intervention that warrants further investigation. Conclusion: Our review consolidates the existing evidence, elucidating the range of treatments along with their potential benefits and limitations. Future studies should uphold high‐quality standards, incorporate patient‐reported outcomes, and utilize well‐defined, robust samples to improve patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the effects of thermal pre-treatments such as convective drying (P-CD), water (BL_W), and microwave blanching (M_BL) and osmotic enrichment pre-treatments with juices from pomegranate (PG), chokeberry (CH), and sea buckthorn (SB) on microwave-vacuum-dried (MVD) carrot properties. Convective drying (CD) and freeze-drying (FD) were used as a comparative method. The dry matter content and water activity of MVD carrots were varied, but in many cases, the values were comparable to those of FD-dried carrots. Pre-enrichment in CH juice significantly reduced the values of the color parameters L*, a*, and b*, regardless of the drying method. The smallest changes were observed in microwave pre-blanching (M_BL). The lowest loss in carotenoid content was observed in CD-dried carrots (14–34 mg/100 g d.m.). Blanching and enrichment in SB juice allowed significant retention of these compounds. As a result of drying carrots, the total phenolic content (TPC) increased. Compared to the raw material, the TPC content in dried carrots increased 3–9 times. Drying using the FD and MVD methods gave a similar effect of increasing the TPC content, including a greater effect after enrichment in CH juice. The highest average antioxidant activity against the DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals was recorded for FD-dried carrots (6.9 and 30.0 mg Trolox/g d.m.). SB juice contributed to a significant increase in the total vitamin C content, even by 89.1%, compared to raw carrots. Applying osmotic pre-enrichment in PG juice increased the sugar content in dried FD and CD samples by 37.4–49.9%, and in MVD by 21–59%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanoclusters assembled using short peptides as templates exhibit significant potential for development and application in the fields of catalysis and biomedicine, owing to their distinctive electronic structure, favorable optical properties, and biocompatibility. Among them, tripeptides exhibit a simpler structure and greater flexibility, enabling them to readily co-assemble with other functional components to create novel materials with significant application value. They can be assembled with copper ions to synthesize highly efficient luminescent nanoclusters, which can serve as an effective fluorescent probe. Here, we report a method for the synthesis of copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) using tripeptides as templates, which also act as stabilizers and reducing agents. The synthesis conditions and properties were explored and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the Cu NCs exhibit excellent stability and are strongly fluorescent. The Cu NCs can detect 0.1–1.0 μmol/L of ascorbic acid with a low detection limit of 0.075 μmol/L, demonstrating high sensitivity and offering significant application potential for the trace of ascorbic acid in various substances. It also provides new ideas for the assembly of metal nanoclusters and the construction of fluorescent probe sensing platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamma irradiation-based mutant creation is one of the most important methods for rice plant mutagenesis breeding and molecular biology research. Although median lethal dose irradiation severely damages rice seedlings, applying brassinolide (BR) can increase the survival rate of irradiated seedlings. In this study, we investigated the effects of soaking seeds in solutions containing different BR concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 μmol/L) and then spraying the resulting seedlings twice with 0.1 μmol/L BR. The combined BR treatments markedly decreased the superoxide anion (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde contents but increased the chlorophyll content. An appropriate BR treatment of gamma-irradiated samples substantially increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase as well as the proline, ascorbic acid, and glutathione contents in rice seedling shoots. The BR treatment also promoted the growth of seedlings derived from irradiated seeds and increased the shoot and root fresh and dry weights. Most notably, soaking seeds in 0.01 or 0.1 μmol/L BR solutions and then spraying seedlings twice with 0.1 μmol/L BR significantly increased the final seedling survival rate and decreased mutant loss. The study results suggest that exogenous BR treatments can protect rice seedlings from gamma irradiation stress by enhancing antioxidant metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycium chinense is acknowledged for its substantial nutritional benefits, particularly attributed to the high levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) found in its fruits. The "Mengqi No.1" variety of L. chinense, which is cultivated in Qinghai, is known for its high yield and exceptional quality. We utilized the "Mengqi No.1" variety as experimental materials and combined metabolomic, transcriptomic, and physiological analyses to investigate the metabolites, genes, and enzymes related to AsA metabolism in L. chinense fruits. The results revealed nine differential metabolites associated with AsA metabolism in L. chinense fruits across three stages, including 1D-Myo-Inositol-1,4-Bisphosphate, D-Fructose, L-(+)-Arabinose, I-Inositol, L-Arabinitol, D-Galactose-1-P, lactose, α-D-Glucose, and D-Glucose-6-P. Notably, the contents of D-Glucose-6-P, D-Galactose-1-P, and D-Fructose were increased as the fruit developed. Additionally, fresh weight, longitudinal length, and radial width were increased, while the contents of AsA and DHA were decreased. GalDH and DHAR are critical enzymes for the accumulation of AsA and DHA, exhibiting positive correlation coefficient. Furthermore, PMM1, PMM5, GME2, and GME3 were identified as key regulatory genes in the L-Galactose pathway of AsA synthesis, influencing D-Galactose-1-P, D-Glucose-6-P, α-D-Glucose, and D-Fructose. DHAR1 and DHAR2 are considered key positive regulator genes of AsA and DHA in the AsA-GSH cycle. However, the majority of genes (nine) act as negative regulators of AsA and DHA. These findings provide a foundation for the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of AsA metabolism in L. chinense fruits and offer insights into the utilization of AsA from L. chinense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]