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Dried rice, an organic waste recycling product, is made from dried rice leftovers. With a carbohydrate content nearly equivalent to corn but at a lower price, it has potential as an energy-generating feed, especially in poultry farming. The nutrient content and price of dried rice were evaluated to assess its efficiency for animal feed use. Dried rice samples from three areas in East Java, Indonesia, were analyzed for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber content. Additionally, this research assesses the effectiveness of dried rice as a corn substitute in broiler feed by observing its impact on feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and broiler performance index. Proximate analysis showed insignificant differences among treatments, with moisture content ranging 12.45–12.71%, ash content 0.55–1.31%, crude protein 10.34–10.64%, crude fat 0.12–2.48%, and crude fiber from 0.81 to 1.55%. Although all samples were assessed as efficient, products from Lumajang and Pasuruan were preferred for feed production due to their similarity to corn nutrient content. Dried rice costs approximately USD 213–228 per ton, significantly lower than corn. Dried rice production reduces both organic waste and poultry production costs concurrently, serving as a sustainable waste management model in Indonesia and other rice-producing countries, shifting towards a bioeconomy from a linear economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is among the highest organic waste-generating countries, with an average of 12 × 106 t yr-1. After being processed, organic waste is highly potential to contribute to animal farming, and "aking rice" is one such product. After cleaning and rinsing, rice remains are sundried to reach a water content of < 14 %. However, no literature or findings are yet to discover whether "aking rice" is palatable for poultry. Therefore, this study is focused on determining "aking rice" palatability to see its chance to substitute corn and rice bran with an experimental design of three replications employing three treatments of corn (T1), "aking rice" (T2), and rice bran (T3). Broiler chickens aged 35 d with an average body weight of 1 870 g were involved - each treatment unit was of three, making a total of 27 chickens. Data gained from the experiment were run through one-way ANOVA, followed by an LSD test should any differences in the treatments occur. The result showed that consumption on T2 (59.89 g) was higher than on T1 (42.19 g) and T3 (9.22 g). As of feeding duration, T2 (680 s) was also higher than T1 (610 s) and T3 (140 s). Conclusively, "aking rice" has a better palatability rate than corn and rice bran, making it feasible for recommendation as a substitute for the other two base feed materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia produced 30 × 106 t of waste in 2021; 40 % was organic and 276 × 10³ t leftover rice. Meanwhile, broiler chicken farmers have been struggling with high feed costs to continue their production. Processing leftover rice into "aking-rice" is environmentally friendly, and it also provides alternative feed for chickens. "Aking-rice" is a type of resistant starch because it has undergone a gelatinization process that works as a synthesis of short-chain fatty acids that positively improve the function of the digestive tract because it increases the villi in the small intestine. This study analyzed the potential of “akingrice” in broiler chicken productivity. The experimental method was a completely randomized design with three treatments, five replications and 12 chickens in each unit. The treatments are T0 (100 % basal feed), T1 (80 % basal feed + 20 % “akingrice” spread on top of the basal feed), and T2 (80 % basal feed + 20 % "aking-rice" mix). Statistical analysis used ANOVA, and continued with LSD with observed variables, i.e. Feed Intake (FI), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), and Performance Index (PI). The results showed that the highest FI values were T0 (99.02), T1 (97.45), and T2 (96.58). The highest ADG was T1 (40.40) then T0 (37.07) and the lowest was T2 (36.40). T1 has the lowest FCR (2.42) compared to T0 (2.68), T2 (2.66). The lowest FCR is T1 (2.42), then T2 (2.66) and the highest is T0 (2.68). The third variable was not significantly different, but the PI results showed a significant difference with the highest PI value T1 (433.84), while T0 (374.81) and T2 (372.67) were not different. Economic analysis also shows that the highest cost T0 (118 475) is significantly different from T1 (110 541) and T2 (109 558). The highest profit is shown by T1 (2 102) then T2 (1 063) and T0 (507). In conclusion, the use of "aking-rice" can increase the performance index with a higher ADG value and a lower FCR so that the costs are smaller and the profit is greater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broiler farms in tropical areas have to deal with heat stress. Dried rice, a waste recycle product cheaper than corn, contains resistant starch that is mostly excluded from calorie-emanating metabolism yet advantageous for digestion. This study analyzes its potential to function as heat stress suppressor. Employing completely randomized design of three treatments in five repetitions, variables observed were panting frequency, heart weight, and blood profiles (leukocyte, heterophile, lymphocyte, and H:L ratio). The data gained were run through ANOVA, followed by LSD. T1 was of 100 % basal feed, T2 20 % dried rice spread atop 80 % basal feed, and T3 20 % dried rice thoroughly mixed with 80 % basal feed. The lowest panting frequency was of T2 (2.7 s −1 ), significantly different from T3 (2.9 s−1 ) and T1 (3.1 s −1 ). The lowest heart weight was also of T2 (0.44 mg 100 g −1 ), followed by T3 (0.49 mg 100 g −1 ) and T1 (0.57 mg 100 g −1 ). As of blood properties, the lowest H:L ratio was of T1 (0.22), significantly different from T3 (0.47) and T2 (0.59). To sum it up, dried rice is influential in relieving heat stress in broiler.

Corn crop waste in the form of corn straw, cobs, and corn husks can be used as ruminant animal feed, but its utilization as animal feed is not optimal. The application of silage feed technology using local microorganism additives is expected to improve the physical quality of silage feed. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding local microorganisms (MOL) and fermentation time on the physical quality of corn straw silage. This study used a completely randomized design, factorial 3 × 3 with three replications. Factor I was various doses of MOL (1 %, 3 %, 5 %), and Factor II was different fermentation times (7 d, 14 d, 21 d). The variables observed included texture, color, odor, and taste. The results showed that the MOL dose and fermentation time had a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on silage's texture, color, and odor. In addition, the MOL dose and fermentation time have a considerable impact (P < 0.05) on the silage taste. There is an interaction between MOL dose and fermentation time on silage odor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rice straw has potential to be used as an alternative ruminant feed. However, it has limiting factors i.e low crude protein, high crude fiber, lignin, cellulose, and silica content. To overcome the limiting factors, immersion in a solution of alkaline (lime) or fermentation by using inoculum microbial cellulolytic and lignocellulolytic (Trichoderma mutan AA1 and Aspergillus niger.). The research method was experimental, with four treatments and repeated five times. Completely randomized design was used and if there are differences among treatments a further test with DMRT was carried out (level 1 % and 5 %). These treatments were T0: The rice straw without t fermentation; T1: Fermented with A. niger; T2: Fermented with T. mutan AA1; T3: Fermented with a combination A. niger and T. mutan AA1. The results showed that the rice straw fermented with A. niger and T. mutants AA1 very significantly increased the cellulose and decreased lignin content. The highest cellulose reached on T3 (20.297 %) followed by T2 (18.191 %), T1 (17.712 %) and T0 (16.747 %), respectively. While the lowest content of lignin reached on T3 (14.793 %), followed T2 (26.063 %), T1 (26.421 %) and T0 (38.164 %).

The application of fermentation is one of methods to increase food quality biologically. Availability of Jatropha curcas residual from oil factory be focused as a soybean meal or fish meal replacement. On the other hand, J. curcas residuals possess a toxic compound as well. This study aimed to examine the effect of Aspergillus niger on the nutrition and harmful content of J. curcas as a potential ingredient of feed. In brief, J. curcas residual was fermented with a detoxification method at 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d. Crude protein, fat, and crude fiber content were assessed to discover the biological responses of J. curcas post–fermentation while phorbol ester was evaluated to toxic content post–detoxification. The results showed that crude protein and fat content were highest on 7 d post–fermentation but it was no significant difference (p > 0.05). While crude fiber content showed significant difference which the 3 d fermentation had the highest content of fiber. For phorbol ester content, 3 d fermentation showed a better result than the control group (p < 0.05). The present findings suggest that A. niger is recommendable as starter to reduce fiber and toxic content of J. curcas residual at 3 d fermentation.