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Presents a case study that focuses on the premier wind ensemble in Japan. Addresses issues such as the influence of the ensemble's repertoire and activities, its religious origins, and the role of Frederick Fennell as a musical ambassador. Finds that Japan has changed the tradition of band. (CMK)

Examines the effect of modeling conditions and tempo patterns on high school instrumentalists' performance. Focuses on high school students (n=60) who play wind instruments. Reports that the with-model condition was superior in rhythm and tempo percentage gain when compared to the no-model condition. Includes references. (CMK)

Evaluates the effects of changes in tone quality on the perception of pitch and determines the extent to which the same tone-quality conditions affect the performance of pitch of 64 high school and university wind instrumentalists. Indicates that tone-quality conditions affected the perception and performance of pitch. (CMK)

Explains that playing in the upper register can be difficult for beginning clarinet players. Provides techniques to help beginners learn upper-register playing, such as covering the holes and cross-register slurring and tonguing. Includes a list of clarinet music. (CMK)

States that in two experiments, instrumental students with 1 to 7 or more years of performance experience matched selected target pitches within a melodic context. Determined whether melodic pitch accuracy was affected by location or duration of target pitch. Subjects erred most often in the sharp direction. Includes references. (CMK)

Relates a pilot test of an elementary band method book for group instruction in Brazilian music education. Focused on the amount of content taught within three one-hour classes per week and studied the quality of learning. Concludes that the group covered 17 pages of the book, learned outside material, and performed four concerts. (CMK)

Studies intonation trends of wind instrumentalists with regard to harmonic intervals, including factors such as tuning system, location, interval type, direction of deviation from equal temperament, and group. Compares the performance of two groups, professionals and advanced students. Reports findings and discusses similarities to and differences from previous studies. (DSK)

Investigates the effect of experience, private instruction, and knowledge of directional mistunings on the tuning accuracy of high school wind players. Finds that participation in private instruction affected the students' tuning accuracy, no differences occurred resulting from years of experience, and students receiving first division ratings were among the most accurate tuners. (CMK)

Surveys 101 wind instrumentalists to reveal major differences in the pattern of influences leading to the re-creative skill of performing a repertoire of rehearsed music for a formal examination compared to the creative ability of improvising. Uses a path analysis to determine links between the data and theoretical model. (MJP)

Presents study results dealing with student musical aptitude and achievement and the degree of parental involvement. Reports that 113 Pennsylvania wind instrumentalists were studied. Finds little correlation between parental involvement and performance achievement, musical achievement, or musical aptitude. Identifies a significant relationship for performance achievement among gender, parental involvement, and music aptitude. (SG)

Secondary and college musicians performed four diatonic intervals (major third, perfect fourth, perfect fifth, and major sixth) both melodically and harmonically. Results indicated no significant differences in overall intonation accuracy in relationship to performed ascending and descending directions or among the four test intervals. (Author/RM)

Stresses the importance for wind instrument players to have the skill called tonguing that is the ability to clearly articulate notes. Provides tips and guidelines for beginning and intermediate wind players to develop different types of tonguing and a learning sequence that offers students an introduction to multiple tonguing. (CMK)

In separate articles three authors discuss (1) the beneficial "normalizing effect" of mainstreaming for handicapped students; (2) how to help the nonreader in music class; and (3) what a research study has shown about wind instrument instruction for educable mentally handicapped (EMH) students. (SJL)

A high‐fidelity finite element model is proposed for the complete simulation of the time‐harmonic acoustic propagation in wind instruments. The challenge is to meet the extremely high accuracy required by professional musicians, in a complex domain, for all fingerings and over a wide frequency range, within an affordable computational time. Several modelling assumptions are made to limit the numerical complexity of the problem while preserving all relevant physics. A dedicated high‐performance solution strategy is also proposed, based on partitioning, condensation and model order reduction, exploiting the combinatorial nature of wind instrument fingerings. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to the simulation of an alto saxophone. An order of magnitude reduction in memory and computational cost is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present top-down global gridded emissions of NOx for the year 2022. This dataset is constructed from retrievals of tropospheric vertical column densities of NO2 by the TROPOMI spaceborne instrument associated with winds and atmospheric composition data from ECMWF reanalyses, using an improved version of a mass-balance atmospheric inversion. The emissions are provided with a spatial resolution of 0.0625°×0.0625° and deliver a detailed overview of the distribution of emissions. They allow the identification of intense area sources and isolated emitters, and the quantification of their associated emissions. At global level, the emissions obtained are consistent with the EDGARv6.1 bottom-up inventory, although there are differences at regional level, particularly in emerging countries and countries with low observation densities. The three largest emitting countries, China, the United States and India, are 11, 16 and 6 % lower than EDGAR estimates. Uncertainties remain high, and a quantitative analysis of emissions over several averaging periods indicates that averaging emissions uniformly across the year may be sufficient to obtain estimates consistent with annual averages, in regions of the world with high retrieval densities. This dataset is designed to be updated with a low latency to help policymakers monitor emissions and implement energy savings and clean air quality policies. The data can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13957837 as monthly files (Rey-Pommier et al., 2024). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess whether there are differences in the muscular and occlusal levels between wind players and the general population, in addition to assessing the different repercussions depending on the embouchure type. Material and Methods: Two cohorts were chosen: one of them comprised intermediate students related to the practice of a wind instrument (n = 39), and the other one, harmonized with the former, comprised secondary students that served as a control group (n = 19). Overjet, overbite, presence of lip abrasion and/or erosion, Angle's molar class, Little's irregularity index, dental abrasion, presence of labial herpes, presence of tooth sensitivity, and presence of articular noises muscle pain were evaluated. Results: Significant statistical differences between the groups were found regarding overjet, overcrowding of teeth, lower lip erosion, and dental abrasion, which was higher in musicians. Lastly, within the group of musicians, it was proven that tooth sensitivity was higher in the group of brass musicians. Conclusions: Wind instrument practice may be a risk factor for developing some orofacial involvement, and there are no differences among the various existing mouthpieces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionMethodResultsDiscussionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition characterized by airflow obstruction which can lead to physical and psychosocial challenges, with a higher prevalence in developing countries. Non-pharmacological interventions for this group of people include pulmonary rehabilitation as well as music interventions. Although music technology was recommended to adjust to the user’s breathing capacity for music-making and to gather information about their performance, music therapy trials used acoustic wind instruments for their rehabilitation. This interdisciplinary project aims to develop a dedicated electronic wind instrument for people with COPD.This project follows a systematic prototype methodology that includes product research, instrument development, and user validation. Based in Brazil, our team has decided on an electronic ocarina based on its cultural features, its popularity as a digital application, and its potential for respiratory training. Unlike existing technologies, the prototype intends to be dedicated and a low-cost solution.The development process includes decision making about the appropriate mouthpiece, sensors, Arduino, pushbuttons, 3-D printing projects, building a MIDI interface and a dedicated software. This is an ongoing project, and our team is in the MIDI interface development stage. We aim to run the first hardware trial with users so that we can integrate their feedback into the functional prototype and the dedicated software for the following trials.This project’s strengths rely on the innovation of building viable electronic wind instruments that can facilitate self-management of people with COPD in developing countries, where access to healthcare can be challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When played, wind instruments are warmed from room temperature to body temperature. Condensation accumulates within the instrument the longer it is played and will need to be expelled to maintain tone quality. Brass instruments, except French horns, have water keys while woodwind instruments, except some saxophone models, must manually be cleared of accumulated condensate. Usually this is done by emptying the liquids onto the rehearsal floor. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the condensate released from band instruments contains fungal flora that could potentially pose a health risk to players in a wind ensemble. Methods: Fluid swabs were obtained from a total of 59 woodwind and brass instruments after being played until warm. The swabs were processed as environmental specimens at Clinical Pathology Laboratories, Austin, Texas. The results were compiled and analyzed based on instrument and ensemble. The data were further examined detailing total fungal growth per ensemble and fungal growth per instrument. A Fisher's Exact Test in a 2x3 contingency table was calculated to evaluate the significance of the data. Results: There were three mold species identified from 26 of the total cultured instruments, with Paecilomyces and Fusarium species predominating. Four yeast species were identified from 14 of the total cultured instruments, with Candida species predominating. The remaining 27 instruments yielded no microbial growth. Conclusion: While fungal growth is present in the condensate released by instruments, the recovered species do not pose a significant health risk to immunocompetent musicians. Musicians who are immunocompromised or who have chronic medical conditions may rarely be vulnerable to infections from contaminated instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have shown an association between playing wind instruments and their impact on the orofacial system. However, they have not fully evaluated all aspects of the topic, leaving a gap in the overall understanding. Methods: A thorough search of the National Library of Medicine database was conducted using our research strategy, resulting in the identification of relevant studies. An expert perspective was obtained by conducting two in-depth expert interviews with a professor of horn-playing and a specialised dentist. Results: Thirty-seven relevant publications were included in the traditional literature review. The most common diseases among professional wind instrumentalists include the lip area, temporomandibular joint, oral mucosa, respiratory system, oral allergic reactions, and orofacial trauma. Special measures, preventive measures, and expert opinions were utilised to address and overcome the associated orofacial problems. Conclusions: Wind instruments affect the oral health and tooth movement of professional instrumentalists, and dentists should consider the impact of dental changes on embouchure and performance. Dental impressions and three-dimensional intra-oral scans are important for reconstruction. This research highlights the need for specialised dental care for professional wind instrumentalists, and further studies are necessary to fully explore this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Playing wind instruments is a strenuous task on the larynx, predisposing players to voice disorders. This study aims to evaluate potential vocal symptoms and vocal tract alterations in professional wind instrumentalists. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 26 male military subjects were interviewed, completed the voice handicap index (VHI) -10 questionnaire, and subjected to auditory-perceptual assessment, neck examination, rigid laryngostroboscopy and flexible nasofiberoscopy both before and during instrument playing. Results: All participants had vocal fatigue symptoms, around one-quarter complained of voice change, one-quarter complained of shortness of breath while or after performing, and one-third complained of neck symptoms. The average score of VHI-10 was 16.2 ± 6.5, and approximately three-quarters of participants scored above the cut-off point. There were no significant correlations between age, years of instrument playing, average hours of daily practice, and VHI-10. Participants with neck symptoms had significantly higher VHI-10 scores. Those (around one-fifth) with an external neck swelling during Valsalva maneuver had a significantly higher VHI-10 score. Dysphonia, mainly mild and of strained, leaky quality, was detected in almost one-third of participants. While the instrument was being played, the vocal folds were somewhat adducted, and the vocal tract became more compressed as the task became more demanding. The most frequent observations in the vocal tract examination were hyperemia of the vocal folds or all over the laryngeal and pharyngeal mucosa, excessive secretions over the vocal folds, signs of hyperadduction, arytenoid edema, and phonatory waste. Conclusion: Wind instrumentalists frequently experience voice disorders, which necessitate further care and investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yegah Musicology Journal / Yegah Müzikoloji Dergisi is the property of International Yegah Music Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines aerosol propagation in wind instruments through numerical analysis, focusing on particle trajectories within five types of wind instruments: saxophone, clarinet, flute, oboe, and trumpet. Using a computational fluid dynamics approach, it is found that larger particles are deposited within the instruments, while smaller micron-sized particles predominantly exit through the bell. The impact of the instrument's geometry on aerosol dynamics is quantified; cylindrical instruments (clarinet, flute) show an increased rate of small droplet deposition or escape through tone holes compared to conical instruments (saxophone, oboe). Instruments with steep turnings, such as the trumpet, exhibited significant particle deposition. The study suggests that deposited particles are likely to move towards re-emission points, driven by gravity and airflow, especially in straight-shaped instruments. Integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a complementary approach to traditional experimental methods provides insights into aerosol transmission mechanisms in musical settings. This methodology not only aids in understanding aerosol behavior but also supports the development of safer musical and educational environments, contributing to the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undergraduate courses in electrical machines often include an introduction to the air gap magnetic field as a basic element in the energy conversion process. The students must learn the main properties of the field produced by basic winding configurations and how they relate to the winding current and frequency. This paper describes a new test equipment design aimed at helping students achieve these learning goals. The test equipment is designed based on four main elements: a modified slip ring induction machine, a winding current driver board, the DAQ boards, and a PC-based virtual instrument. The virtual instrument provides the winding current drivers with suitable current references depending on the user selected machine operational status (single- or three-phase/winding with DC or AC current) and measures and displays the air gap magnetic field for that operational status. Students' laboratory work is organized into a series of experiments that guide their achievement of these air gap field-related abilities. Student learning, assessed based on pre- and post-lab exams and end-of-semester exams, has increased significantly. The students' opinions of the relevance, usefulness, and motivational effects of the laboratory were also positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RAST Musicology Journal / Rast Muzikoloji Dergisi is the property of RAST Musicology Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Choral activities are correlated with various health and wellbeing parameters. However, an intervention combining a music program using wind instruments and choral activities has not yet been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of a 12-week intervention combining a wind instrument performance program and a choral program on stress factors, quality of life, and respiratory function in adolescents located in a metropolitan city with exposure to air pollution. Method: This randomized controlled trial consisted of 50 adolescents, and the subjects were randomly assigned to a combination wind instrument and choral training group, a choral training group, and a control group. Following a 12-week intervention program, respiratory function, stress factors, and quality of life were compared between the three groups. Results: Regarding respiratory function, with the exception of maximal inspiratory pressure, all measured variables exhibited an interaction to indicate a variation in the pattern of change(p<0.05). Furthermore, regarding stress factors and quality of life, all measured variables exhibited an interaction to indicate a variation in the pattern of change(p<0.05). As a result of the post-hoc analysis, significant differences were found in all variables in experimental group 1 compared to other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the 12-week intervention combining a wind instrument performance program and a choral program had positive effects in improving the respiratory function, stress factors, and quality of life in adolescents. This study findings are expected to support future studies aimed at promoting overall health including respiratory function and psychological factors through various music-based programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports the study of metal fragments from Roman pipes excavated from the archaeological site of Pompeii and currently preserved in the deposits of the National Archaeological Museum of Naples (MANN). The Roman pipe, called the tibia, is a reed wind musical instrument similar to the Greek aulos. It can be made of wood, bone, and/or metal. Materials consisting of metal Cu-based alloys were excavated from archaeological burial environments. This research aims to identify the composition of the alloys, characterize the corrosion patinas, and identify any ancient surface treatments on the fragments. Non-invasive and micro-invasive techniques were used to achieve this aim, i.e., optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the materials and manufacturing techniques used for these instruments, as well as the degradation processes occurring over the centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The satellite Aeolus, carrying a Doppler Wind Lidar instrument, was launched in August 2018. It is the first mission of the European Space Agency to provide wind profiles globally with high vertical resolutions. The significant positive impact of assimilating the horizontal line‐of‐sight (HLOS) wind data from Aeolus on numerical weather prediction has been reported in many works. In this study, in terms of tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting, the impact of the assimilated data on the Japan Meteorological Agency's global model was investigated in detail. Especially, the direct effect in each analysis resulting from the increment was studied and validated using a reinitialised analysis experiment. The 23 TCs that occurred in the western North Pacific during the summer of 2020 were focused on in the validation period. The largest improvement of track forecasting was found for cases of the NEAR group in which Aeolus passed within 5 degrees of latitude and longitude from a TC centre. The cases of the EAST or WEST groups in which Aeolus passed east or west of the TC centre also indicated some improvements, suggesting that the prediction accuracy of wind upstream of a TC was important for track forecasting. In the NEAR group cases, the increase in positive bias of the TC central pressure was also observed in the cases wherein Aeolus passed inside the maximum wind radius of the TCs. This is explained by the inability to represent the vorticity field in the upper levels in the analyses. One of the possible reasons for this is the insufficient horizontal resolution of observation. We also include some case studies to assess how Aeolus data improved track forecasting and affected intensity forecasting of TCs, specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper unwraps the potential application of graph features through complex network analysis in assessing the tone quality of a musical note by analysing the two notes, C and G, at different octaves played by the wind instruments, flute and trumpet, as examples. The musical note sound signals are subjected to fast Fourier transform and wavelet analyses to understand harmonic content and its sustainability. The complex network generated from the temporal data helps in understanding the airflow dynamics through the graph features—edge count, graph density and transitivity. The study reveals that the greater the value of network features, the lesser the overtones present in the musical note, suggesting its application in assessing the musical tone quality or timbre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific research is devoted to the disclosure of the most characteristic features and distinctive particularities of the All-Ukrainian festival competition of academic wind music "Magic Flute". This festival-competition has been held by teachers of the academic wind music and percussion department of the Kryvyi Rih Regional Professional Music College for fifty years. The "Magic Flute" is implemented with the constant support of the educational institution's administration and headed by the director of Musical College, L.V. Rakityanska. On the half-century anniversary, the specialized festival competition showed the uniqueness of its creative face. There are maximizing the introduction of various musical and performance forms (solo, ensemble, and orchestral performance on wind and percussion instruments), constant diversification of the repertoire palette (academic masterpieces, works of various cultural and historical periods), involvement of the broadest possible professional wind and percussion academic instruments, as well as artistic and patriotic relaying of the annual holding of this professional and specialized forum of academic wind musicians and percussionists of the Kryvyi Rih region are creating the achievements in the fiftieth anniversary of the artistic life for the "Magic Flute" academic wind festival-competition. The method of historical and comparative analysis of the most significant events in the chronicle of the "Magic Flute" festival-competition, we will emphasize, with the subsequent determination of the stages of formation and development of this large-scale festival-competition event can become a significant prospect for further scientific investigations regarding the specified topic of the presented scientific article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to clarify the organological aspects of the alphorn and to shed some light on aspects related to the history, evolution and construction particularities of this old, popular instrument, which is an important part of Romania's folk culture as regards instrumental music. One of the main objectives of all musicians, performers and researchers who stimulate the collection and preservation of the spiritual productions of Romanians is to increase the value of folklore. With few exceptions, the alphorn has gone out of everyday use, that's why its study is more and more difficult but all the more necessary. As it is connected to the life of shepherds and with shepherding in general, the destiny and evolution of the alphorn has been decisively influenced throughout history not only by the expansion or regression of this ancient activity, by the geographical space in which it was practiced, but also by the progress of civilization and human knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess whether there are differences in the muscular and occlusal levels between wind players and the general population, in addition to assessing the different repercussions depending on the embouchure type. Material and Methods: Two cohorts were chosen: one of them comprised intermediate students related to the practice of a wind instrument (n = 39), and the other one, harmonized with the former, comprised secondary students that served as a control group (n = 19). Overjet, overbite, presence of lip abrasion and/or erosion, Angle’s molar class, Little’s irregularity index, dental abrasion, presence of labial herpes, presence of tooth sensitivity, and presence of articular noises muscle pain were evaluated. Results: Significant statistical differences between the groups were found regarding overjet, overcrowding of teeth, lower lip erosion, and dental abrasion, which was higher in musicians. Lastly, within the group of musicians, it was proven that tooth sensitivity was higher in the group of brass musicians. Conclusions: Wind instrument practice may be a risk factor for developing some orofacial involvement, and there are no differences among the various existing mouthpieces.

Numerical forecasts of plasma convective instability in the postsunset equatorial ionosphere are made based on data from the Ionospheric Connections Explorer satellite (ICON) following the method outlined in a previous study. Data are selected from pairs of successive orbits. Data from the first orbit in the pair are used to initialize and force a numerical forecast simulation, and data from the second orbit are used to validate the results 104 min later. Data from the IVM plasma density and drifts instrument and the MIGHTI red‐line thermospheric winds instrument are used to force the forecast model. Thirteen (16) data set pairs from August (October), 2022, are considered. Forecasts produced one false negative in August and another false negative in October. Possible causes of forecast discrepancies are evaluated including the failure to initialize the numerical simulations with electron density profiles measured concurrently. Volume emission 135.6‐nm OI profiles from the Far Ultraviolet (FUV) instrument on ICON are considered in the evaluation. Plain Language Summary: Numerical forecasts of disruptions in the postsunset equatorial ionosphere are made from data from the Ionospheric Connections Explorer (ICON) satellite using the method outlined in a previous study. Data are selected from pairs of successive orbits–the first providing data for the numerical forecast model, and the second providing a means of validation. Specifically, measurements of vertical plasma drifts and horizontal wind profiles are used. Thirteen (16) orbital pairs from August (October) of 2022 are considered. The forecasts were accurate in the main but produced one false negative in August and another false negative in October. Reasons for the forecast discrepancies are analyzed including the failure to include electron density profile measurements in the forecast model initialization. Data from the Far Ultraviolet instrument on Icon are considered in the analysis. Key Points: ICON‐based numerical forecasts of plasma convective instability in the equatorial ionosphere extended through 2022Results mainly consistent with earlier ICON‐based forecastsICON FUV profiles used to investigate forecast discrepancies further [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]