49,037 results on '"yeasts"'
Search Results
2. Efficacy of mechanical debridement with adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against peri-implant subgingival oral yeasts colonization: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
-
Ali, Dena and Alsalman, Jenna
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. FEEDS, the Food wastE biopEptiDe claSsifier: From microbial genomes and substrates to biopeptides function
- Author
-
Centurion, Victor Borin, Bizzotto, Edoardo, Tonini, Stefano, Filannino, Pasquale, Di Cagno, Raffaella, Zampieri, Guido, and Campanaro, Stefano
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Preservation of Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria Using Fluidized Bed Drying
- Author
-
Morales, Manuel, Navarro, Marina Edith, Brizuela, Natalia, Reyes-Urrutia, Andrés, Vicente, Fausto, Bravo-Ferrada, Barbara, Semorile, Liliana, Caballero, Adriana, Tymczyszyn, Elizabeth, Sant'Ana, Anderson S., Series Editor, and Gomez-Zavaglia, Andrea, editor more...
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Fungi and Grapevine Mycobiota
- Author
-
Viret, Olivier, Gindro, Katia, Viret, Olivier, and Gindro, Katia
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Nontarget impacts of neonicotinoids on nectar‐inhabiting microbes
- Author
-
Cecala, Jacob M and Vannette, Rachel L
- Subjects
Microbiology ,Biological Sciences ,Ecology ,Animals ,Plant Nectar ,Neonicotinoids ,Insecticides ,Insecta ,Yeasts ,Plants ,Evolutionary Biology - Abstract
Plant-systemic neonicotinoid (NN) insecticides can exert non-target impacts on organisms like beneficial insects and soil microbes. NNs can affect plant microbiomes, but we know little about their effects on microbial communities that mediate plant-insect interactions, including nectar-inhabiting microbes (NIMs). Here we employed two approaches to assess the impacts of NN exposure on several NIM taxa. First, we assayed the in vitro effects of six NN compounds on NIM growth using plate assays. Second, we inoculated a standardised NIM community into the nectar of NN-treated canola (Brassica napus) and assessed microbial survival and growth after 24 h. With few exceptions, in vitro NN exposure tended to decrease bacterial growth metrics. However, the magnitude of the decrease and the NN concentrations at which effects were observed varied substantially across bacteria. Yeasts showed no consistent in vitro response to NNs. In nectar, we saw no effects of NN treatment on NIM community metrics. Rather, NIM abundance and diversity responded to inherent plant qualities like nectar volume. In conclusion, we found no evidence that NIMs respond to field-relevant NN levels in nectar within 24 h, but our study suggests that context, specifically assay methods, time and plant traits, is important in assaying the effects of NNs on microbial communities. more...
- Published
- 2024
7. Investigation and determination of CoQ10(H2) and CoQ10(H4) species from black yeast-like fungi and filamentous fungi.
- Author
-
Jumpathong, Jomkwan, Nishida, Ikuhisa, Matsuo, Yasuhiro, Kaino, Tomohiro, and Kawamukai, Makoto
- Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) or ubiquinone functions as an electron transporter in the electron transport system in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The isoprenyl side chain of CoQ is modified in some organisms, especially in fungi, for optimal electron transport performance under various conditions. In this study, we investigated the side chain saturated dihydro CoQ (CoQ10(H2)) in Aureobasidium pullulans EXF-150, Sydowia polyspora NBRC 30562, and naturally isolated Plowrightia sp. A37, all of which are melanized Dothideomycetes species within Ascomycota, and also in filamentous fungi Aspergillus oryzae and A. terreus. Plowrightia sp. A37 produced the rarely synthesized tetrahydro type CoQ10(H4), especially in glucose-rich medium, during extended cultivation in contrast to CoQ10(H2) in time-limited cultivation. Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, we identified demethoxyubiquinone-H2 (DMQ(H2)) as an indicative intermediate that suggests that the side chain saturation of CoQ occurs after the formation of DMQ and not always in the last step as previously considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides Have a Significantly Detrimental Impact on Population Growth and Composition of Nectar Microbial Communities: Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides Have a Significantly Detrimental Impact on Population Growth and Composition of Nectar Microbial Communities: S. Quevedo-Caraballo et al
- Author
-
Quevedo-Caraballo, Sergio, Roldán, Alejandra, and Álvarez-Pérez, Sergio
- Subjects
- *
LIFE sciences , *PROPICONAZOLE , *FUNGAL communities , *MICROBIAL communities , *FUNGICIDES , *MICROORGANISM populations - Abstract
Demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides are a mainstay of modern agriculture due to their widespread use for crop protection against plant-pathogenic fungi. However, DMI residues can disperse and persist in the environment, potentially affecting non-target fungi. Previous research has demonstrated that DMIs and other fungicides inhibit yeast growth in floral nectar microbial communities and decrease fungal richness and diversity of exposed flowers with no apparent effect on bacteria. Nevertheless, the effect of DMIs on the population growth of different species of nectar inhabitants and the dynamics of these microbial communities remains understudied. To address these issues, in this study we created synthetic microbial communities including yeasts (Metschnikowia reukaufii and Metschnikowia pulcherrima) and bacteria (Rosenbergiella epipactidis and Comamonas sp.) and propagated them in culture media containing different DMIs (imazalil, propiconazole, and prothioconazole) at different doses or no fungicide. Our results showed that DMIs have a significant impact on some of the most common microbial inhabitants of floral nectar by favoring the growth of bacteria over yeasts. Furthermore, habitat generalists such as M. pulcherrima and Comamonas sp. were more impacted by the presence of fungicides than the nectar specialists M. reukaufii and R. epipactidis, especially upon dispersal across habitat patches. Future research should determine if the patterns observed in the present study hold true for other species of nectar microbes and explore the interaction between growth limitation due to fungicide presence, dispersal limitation, and other mechanisms involved in community assembly in floral nectar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Effects of Various Inocula Combinations of Leuconostoc mesenteroides , Papiliotrema terrestris , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Dough Fermentation and Final Bread Characteristics.
- Author
-
Viola, Enrico, Garofalo, Giuliana, Barbera, Marcella, Piazzese, Daniela, Palmieri, Davide, Di Giorgi, Sabrina, Alfonzo, Antonio, Gaglio, Raimondo, and Settanni, Luca
- Abstract
The integration of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in bakery products is currently trending, which aims to enhance the taste and quality to satisfy consumer preferences. This study explored the interaction of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Papiliotrema terrestris during dough fermentation. Yeasts and LAB were monitored every three hours over a twelve-hour period. The chemical parameters and quality characteristics of both the dough and bread were analyzed. The highest level of S. cerevisiae was observed in the control treatment (9.30 log CFU/g, after 9 h) and in the treatment with co-inoculation of S. cerevisiae and P. terrestris (9.30 log CFU/g, after 12 h). Non-Saccharomyces yeasts peaked in the treatment with P. terrestris and L. mesenteroides, showing 7.77 log CFU/g after three hours. Doughs with L. mesenteroides achieved the fastest acidification. Treatments involving all three strains showed the highest increase in volume and CO₂ emissions. The profiles of volatile organic compounds emitted from bread varied depending on the inoculum combination. These findings underscore the need for further research into the interactions between this unconventional yeast and other microorganisms typically used in baking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Biofilm Formation by Table Olive‐Related Microorganisms.
- Author
-
López‐García, Elio, Benítez‐Cabello, Antonio, and Arroyo‐López, Francisco Noé
- Subjects
- *
PHENOLS , *GENTIAN violet , *MICROPLATES , *SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae , *BIOFILMS - Abstract
The process of biofilm formation during table olive fermentation is crucial to turning this fermented vegetable into a probiotic food. Some phenolic compounds have been described as important quorum‐sensing molecules during biofilm development. The present in vitro study examined the effects of three phenolic compounds widely found in table olive fermentations (Oleuropein 0–3000 ppm, Hydroxytyrosol 0–3000 ppm, and Tyrosol 0–300 ppm) on the development of single biofilm by diverse microorganisms isolated from table olives (Lactiplantibacillus pentosus 13B4, Lp119, and LPG1; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp15 and LAB23; and yeasts Wickerhamomyces anomalus Y12, Candida boidinii Y13, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y18). Biofilm formation was quantified in vitro by crystal violet staining in microtiter plates after incubation at 30°C for 96 h. A clear tendency to decrease the biofilm production was observed for the L. plantarum strains when any of the three phenolic compounds were added to the medium, which was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) for certain concentrations and phenols. In the case of yeasts, no statistical influence on biofilm formation was noticed when the phenolic compounds were dosed to the culture medium. Finally, the effects of the phenolic compounds on the L. pentosus strains were dependent on the strain assayed. Thereby, addition of phenolic compounds on 13B4 or Lp119 strains did not have statistical influence on biofilm production. On the contrary, the probiotic LPG1 strain noticed a statistical increase in biofilm production when a low concentration of tyrosol (50 ppm) was added to the medium. Results obtained in this work could be useful to control the biofilm formation process on olive epidermis during table olive fermentation to include beneficial microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Colecciones de cultivos de levaduras como infraestructuras: Entre referencias, cultivos, secuencias y ecología.
- Author
-
Kaderian, Santiago M.
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL sciences education , *RESEARCH personnel , *INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) , *INDUSTRIALIZATION , *INFORMATION resources - Abstract
Culture collections can be interpreted as infrastructures whose role is the preservation, classification and research of microorganisms. Reference collections are cited in scientific articles and are sources of materials and information in research, development activities and in the industrial sector. This paper begins by addressing its use as a reference in scientific articles and then analyzes the problematization of collection managers in terms of the implications of the technologies associated with yeast identification and the emergence of biodiversity and ecology as themes. The conceptual axis of the article is based on the conceptualizations of infrastructure from Social Studies of Science and Technology. The article has a qualitative approach and uses document analysis, in scientific articles and handbooks, as well as consultations with researchers as a technical guide. The findings have to do with the transversal nature of the problem of insufficient data regarding ecology and other dimensions as pointed out by scientists in charge of reference collections, the emergence of biodiversity as a notion associated with international policies and global problems, and the scientific and technical effects of new identification technologies in research modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Advances in the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Yeasts: A Review.
- Author
-
Padilla-Garfias, Francisco, Araiza-Villanueva, Minerva, Calahorra, Martha, Sánchez, Norma Silvia, and Peña, Antonio
- Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic organic compounds produced during the incomplete combustion of organic materials and are commonly found in the environment due to anthropogenic activities such as industrial and vehicular emissions as well as natural sources, mainly volcanic eruptions and forest fires. PAHs are well known for their bioaccumulative capacity and environmental persistence, raising concerns due to their adverse effects on human health, including their carcinogenic potential. In recent years, bioremediation has emerged as a promising, effective, and sustainable solution for the degradation of PAHs in contaminated environments. In this context, yeasts have proven to be key microorganisms in the degradation of these compounds, owing to their ability to metabolize them through a series of enzymatic pathways. This review explores the advancements in yeast-mediated degradation of PAHs, with a particular focus on the role of enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYPs), epoxide hydrolases (EHs), and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which facilitate the breakdown of these compounds. The review also discusses the applications of genetic engineering to enhance the efficiency of yeasts in PAH degradation and the use of omics technologies to predict the catabolic potential of these organisms. Additionally, it examines studies addressing the degradation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) by yeasts such as Debaryomyces hansenii, and the potential future implications of omics sciences for developing new bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Technological Improvement of Brined Black Table Olives Processed Using Two-Phase and Single-Phase Methods Under Slight CO 2 Pressure and Low Salt Content.
- Author
-
Zullo, Biagi Angelo and Ciafardini, Gino
- Subjects
MICROBIAL growth ,CITRIC acid ,SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae ,CARBON dioxide ,OLIVE - Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the fermentation of black table olives under slightly pressurized CO
2 (spCO2 ). The olives were marinated in brine with a low salt content and processed using both the traditional two-phase method and a new single-phase method. SpCO2 is a new technical tool, positively tested in previous studies on the production of low-salt table olive, as a third barrier to microbial growth in brine. The tests performed with the cultivar Leccino, using a brine acidified with 0.5% (w v−1 ) citric acid and enriched with 0%, 3%, and 6% (w v−1 ) NaCl, showed the absence of bacteria and molds in the brine from the first days of incubation. Fermentation was governed by six yeast species, mainly represented by Candida boidinii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a maximum total number of 6.30 Log CFU mL−1 and 4.28 Log CFU mL−1 in the brine with 3% and 6% (w v−1 ) NaCl, respectively. The best debittering results were obtained when the olives were processed in the presence of spCO2 with the single-phase method, using brine with 6% (w v−1 ) NaCl, validating the important role played by spCO2 in the production of low-salt black table olives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Endothallic yeasts in the terricolous lichens Cladonia.
- Author
-
Kachalkin, Aleksey, Tomashevskaya, Maria, Pankratov, Timofey, and Yurkov, Andrey
- Abstract
Lichens are multi-component microbial communities where yeasts are common. This work was designed to address the taxonomic diversity and distribution of cultivated endothallic yeasts in terricolous lichens of the genus Cladonia. Lichens Cladonia stellaris, C. rangiferina, C. cornuta, and C. pleurota from arctic, subarctic, and continental boreal climates in Russia in a range of biotopes were studied. In total, 40 yeast species were isolated. It revealed a broad taxonomic range of endothallic yeast with a substantial proportion of basidiomycetes from subphyla Agaricomycotina and Pucciniomycotina. Many common yeast species were found within the epithallic and endothallic yeast communities of some lichens studied. The physiological and ecological characterization of 30 basidiomycetous endothallic yeasts enhances our understanding of lichen habitats and may aid in culturing seldom-isolated lichenicolous fungi. Out of 40 species in this study, 21 new yeast species were discovered, and 10 new yeast species were proposed with their formal descriptions. They are Colacogloea glushakovae sp. nov., Cyrenella lichenicola sp. nov., Microsporomyces wangii sp. nov., Microsporomyces cladoniae sp. nov., Genolevuria nadymea sp. nov., Teunia turchettiae sp. nov., Phaeotremella sibirica sp. nov., Phaeotremella endothallina sp. nov., Piskurozyma altaica sp. nov., and Piskurozyma cladoniicola sp. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Recent developments and emerging trends in dietary vitamin D sources and biological conversion.
- Author
-
Wei, Xujin, Pandohee, Jessica, and Xu, Baojun
- Subjects
- *
VITAMIN D , *GENOME editing , *ATLANTIC salmon , *CHOLECALCIFEROL , *CRISPRS - Abstract
This review elaborates on biochemical characteristics, in vivo metabolism, biological conversion through UV irradiation, as well as dietary fortification of vitamin D. Recent innovations in vitamin D utilization, including nanoencapsulation, direct or indirect addition, emulsion, ultrasound, microwave processing, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, as well as UV photoconversion, were summarized. Mushrooms, eggs, yeasts, as well as seafood, such as Barramundi and Atlantic salmon, were typical representatives of original natural food materials for vitamin D bioconversion in relevant research. The critical session thereof referred to the 295 nm UV-B irradiation triggering biological fortification of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3, which occurred in ergosterol from mushrooms, and cholesterol from egg yolk, respectively. The schematic biosynthesis of vitamin D precursors in yeasts regulated miscellaneous enzymes were clearly demonstrated. These summarized pathways played a role as a theoretical primer for vitamin D bioconversion when the UV irradiation technique is concerned. Besides, tomatoes had become the latest potential vitamin D sources after genetic modification. The safety consideration for vitamin D fortified functional food was discussed either. Further research is required to fill the gap of investigating optimized factors like types of eggs, meat, and grain, boarder range of wavelength, and dosage in UV irradiation. Vitamin D has a great potential market in the field of functional food development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Rôle du laboratoire dans le diagnostic d'une onychomycose : méthodes et interprétation.
- Author
-
Chabasse, Dominique
- Abstract
Les onychomycoses ne représentent pas plus de 50 % de l'ensemble des pathologies unguéales. Les dermatophytes anthropophiles (Trichophyton rubrum et T. interdigitale) sont les principaux agents rencontrés au niveau des pieds. Les levures du genre Candida (Candida albicans , Candida parapsilosis , etc.) et parfois Trichosporon prédominent aux ongles des mains où l'atteinte unguéale peut s'associer à un périonyxis. D'autres espèces de champignons filamenteux, ayant une affinité particulière pour la kératine, et donnant des lésions proches des dermatophytes (appelées "pseudodermatophytes") appartiennent au genre Neoscytalidium issues des régions tropicales et subtropicales, et Arachnomyces nodosetosus anciennement Onychocola canadensis , espèce kératinophile issue de pays tempérés ou froids impliqué surtout dans les onyxis des pieds de sujets âgés. Parmi les moisissures environnementales pouvant parfois parasiter l'ongle se trouvent principalement des espèces appartenant aux genres Scopulariopsis , Aspergillus et Fusarium , leur pouvoir pathogène n'est pas évident. Le rôle du laboratoire est justement, en plus de l'identification de l'espèce isolée, de démontrer que le champignon issu des prélèvements d'un ongle pathologique est bien le pathogène en cause. Onychomycosis does not represent more than 50% of all nail pathologies. Anthropophilic dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum and T. interdigitale) are the main agents encountered on feet. Yeasts of the genus Trichosporon and Candida (Candida albicans , Candida parapsilosis , etc.) predominate on fingernails where nail damage can be associated with perionyxis. Other filamentous species, called "pseudodermatophytes", have a particular affinity for keratin, such as dermatophytes. These keratinophilic species belong to the genus Neoscytalidium from tropical and subtropical regions, and Arachnomyces nodosetosus from temperate or cold countries, mainly involved in onyxis on the feet of elderly people. Among the environmental molds that can sometimes parasitize nails, there are mainly species belonging to the genera Scopulariopsis , Aspergillus and Fusarium , their pathogenic power must however be clearly defined. The role of the Laboratory is precisely to identify the species in question, and to demonstrate that the fungus isolated from samples of a pathological nail is indeed the pathogen in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Malassezia gallinae sp. nov., a new basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from skins of chickens.
- Author
-
Zhao, Yu-Jing, Ma, Qin, Liu, Miao-Miao, and Wang, Qi-Ming
- Abstract
Species of Malassezia are lipid-dependent yeasts and integral components of the skin microbiome. Most of the currently known species are isolated from mammals. However, the presence and distribution of Malassezia yeasts on the skin of avian species have not been fully understood or elucidated. During a survey on the occurrence of Malassezia species in chickens, 23 Malassezia strains isolated from the healthy skins of chickens may represent two candidate new species of this genus based on the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (including 5.8S rRNA) and the D1/D2 domains of 26S rRNA. The combined ITS and D1/D2 phylogenetic analysis showed that those two candidate new species were closely related to Malassezia slooffiae , and differed from the type of M. slooffiae by 51–62 nucleotides in the ITS region and four nucleotides in the D1/D2 domains, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and the phenotypic comparison, we propose a new species, named M. gallinae sp. nov. to include the 21 isolated strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Clinical and epidemiological study of onychomycosis among patients of the national institute of hygiene in rabat, Morocco (2016-2020)
- Author
-
Majda El Abbassi, Hajar Boughroud, Fatima Amarir, Mohamed Rhajaoui, El Bachir Adlaoui, Hanane Mkinsi, Imane Baha, and Samira Rais
- Subjects
dermatophytes ,fungal infection ,mixed infection ,nail mycosis ,yeasts ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background and Purpose: Onychomycosis is a common nail infection characterized by the discoloration, thickening, and detachment of nails. This study aimed to provide valuable insights into this pathology by assessing its prevalence, clinical aspects, related comorbidities, and causative agents in patients from a Moroccan population.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1,606 subjects at the Mycology-Parasitology laboratory of the National Institute of Hygiene in Rabat, Morocco, over five years (2016-2020). Nail samples were collected from both fingernails and toenails and processed through microscopic examination and culture. The incubated tubes were kept at a temperature range of 28-30°C for 4-5 weeks.Results: Onychomycosis was mycologically confirmed in 1,794 samples (93.24%). It occurred commonly in the 41-60 age group, with a higher incidence among females (74.53%). Diabetes, alongside other chronic diseases, was prevalent among patients with underlying conditions, comprising 131 cases (40.56%). Disto-lateral subungual onychomycosis emerged as the most prevalent clinical presentation, comprising 1,536 cases (79.92%). Fingernails primarily affected by yeasts, notably Candida albicans, accounted for 565 cases (29.80%), while toenails were predominantly impacted by dermatophytes, primarily Trichophyton rubrum (n=1,230, 64.87%). Mixed infections exclusively featured yeasts and dermatophytes, predominantly T. rubrum and C. albicans, which accounted for 79 (4.40%) cases. The study explored the influence of molds, yielding insights into their rarity in onychomycosis.Conclusion: These findings hold significant implications for the clinical management and diagnosis of onychomycosis, particularly in patients with underlying chronic conditions. Further epidemiological studies across Morocco are needed for meaningful comparisons. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Natural trait variation across Saccharomycotina species.
- Author
-
Wang, Johnson, Steenwyk, Jacob, and Brem, Rachel
- Subjects
Saccharomycotina ,phenotypic variationyeasts ,yeasts ,Ascomycota ,Biological Evolution ,Yeasts ,Phenotype - Abstract
Among molecular biologists, the group of fungi called Saccharomycotina is famous for its yeasts. These yeasts in turn are famous for what they have in common-genetic, biochemical, and cell-biological characteristics that serve as models for plants and animals. But behind the apparent homogeneity of Saccharomycotina species lie a wealth of differences. In this review, we discuss traits that vary across the Saccharomycotina subphylum. We describe cases of bright pigmentation; a zoo of cell shapes; metabolic specialties; and species with unique rules of gene regulation. We discuss the genetics of this diversity and why it matters, including insights into basic evolutionary principles with relevance across Eukarya. more...
- Published
- 2024
20. Genomic analysis of the marine yeast Rhodotorula sphaerocarpa ETNP2018 reveals adaptation to the open ocean.
- Author
-
Lane, Dylan, Valentine, David, and Peng, Xuefeng
- Subjects
Comparative genomics ,Genome streamlining ,Marine fungi ,Oxygen minimum zone ,Rhodotorula ,Yeast ,Rhodotorula ,Yeasts ,Genomics ,Oceans and Seas ,Phylogeny - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite a rising interest in the diversity and ecology of fungi in marine environments, there are few published genomes of fungi isolated from the ocean. The basidiomycetous yeast (unicellular fungus) genus Rhodotorula are prevalent and abundant in the open ocean, and they have been isolated from a wide range of other environments. Many of these environments are nutrient poor, such as the Antarctica and the Atacama deserts, raising the question as to how Rhodotorula yeasts may have adapted their metabolic strategies to optimize survival under low nutrient conditions. In order to understand their adaptive strategies in the ocean, the genome of R. sphaerocarpa ETNP2018 was compared to that of fourteen representative Rhodotorula yeasts, isolated from a variety of environments. RESULTS: Rhodotorula sphaerocarpa ETNP2018, a strain isolated from the oligotrophic part of the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP) oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), hosts the smallest of the fifteen genomes and yet the number of protein-coding genes it possesses is on par with the other strains. Its genome exhibits a distinct reduction in genes dedicated to Major Facilitator Superfamily transporters as well as biosynthetic enzymes. However, its core metabolic pathways are fully conserved. Our research indicates that the selective pressures of the ETNP OMZ favor a streamlined genome with reduced overall biosynthetic potential balanced by a stable set of core metabolisms and an expansion of mechanisms for nutrient acquisition. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study offers insights into the adaptation of fungi to the oligotrophic ocean and provides valuable information for understanding the ecological roles of fungi in the ocean. more...
- Published
- 2023
21. The potential impact of delivery mode and breastfeeding on oral Candida species carriage in a population of young adults.
- Author
-
Azevedo, Maria João, Campos, Paula, Araujo, Ricardo, Magalhães, Inês, Pereira, Maria de Lurdes, Azevedo, Alvaro, Zaura, Egija, Ramalho, Carla, and Sampaio-Maia, Benedita
- Subjects
SALIVA analysis ,THRUSH (Mouth disease) ,HOST-bacteria relationships ,VAGINA ,BREASTFEEDING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,GENES ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DELIVERY (Obstetrics) ,CARRIER state (Communicable diseases) ,CESAREAN section - Abstract
Objectives: In early life, children are exposed to microorganisms from maternal and environmental sources, which influence the development of their microbiome throughout life. Several studies have demonstrated the influence of the delivery mode and breastfeeding on the oral microbiome of children, mostly regarding bacterial colonization. However, their influence on the oral fungal carriage is still underexplored. This study aimed to assess the association of the delivery and feeding mode with the oral carriage of yeasts in adulthood. Method and materials: Fungal oral carriage was evaluated by collecting unstimulated saliva in 185 healthy dental students (mean age of 21.51 ± 1.55 years old; 81.6% women). Yeast identification was performed by culture in ChromAgar Candida medium and sequencing of the 18S genes and ITS regions for determination of the species. Demographic and clinical data of each participant were recorded through questionnaires, and oral examinations were performed in a subgroup of participants (n = 49). Results: Candida species were isolated in 37.5% of all participants. The prevalence of yeasts in the oral cavity was significantly higher in those who were born by vaginal delivery compared to those born by caesarean section (P = .035), whereas no statistically significant differences were observed regarding breastfeeding (P = .398). Low salivary flow rate and frequency of dental visits also were associated with oral yeast carriage (P < .05). Conclusion: The results suggest a possible impact of the type of delivery on fungal colonization, which is sustained throughout life due to oral health-related factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric bloodstream infections and alteration in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Gram-positive bacteria, 2020–2022
- Author
-
Fatemeh Fallah, Abdollah Karimi, Leila Azimi, Ghazale Ghandchi, Zari Gholinejad, Nafiseh Abdollahi, Nazanin Ahari Oskooie, Hannan Khodaei, Shahnaz Armin, Azita Behzad, Seyedeh Masumeh Hashemi, Seyedeh Narjes Ahmadizadeh, and Masoud Alebouyeh more...
- Subjects
Bloodstream infections ,Child, hospitalized ,Gram-positive bacteria ,Yeasts ,Microbial Sensitivity Test ,COVID-19 ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background Alteration in the etiology of pediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not well known during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric BSIs and alteration in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Gram-positive bacteria. Methods The frequency of BSIs among children under 18 years old was retrospectively recorded in a tertiary children’s hospital in Tehran, Iran from February 2020 to December 2022. The status of COVID-19 infection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, bacteremia/fungemia according to BACTEC 9120 Culture System results, characterization of bacteria using biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for Gram-positive bacterial isolates using disk diffusion method were determined. Statistical analysis was done to measure the correlation of COVID-19 infection with BSIs and AMR. Results Out of 13,345 COVID-19 tests and 4,194 BACTEC blood culture requests, bacteremia/fungemia were confirmed in 10.37% (435/4,194) of the patients who requested both tests simultaneously. The COVID-19 infection was confirmed in 25.3% (110/435) of the patients with bacteremia/fungemia. The infection with characterized Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and fungi was detected in 32.3% (140/433) and 8.31% (36/433) of the cases, respectively. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS, 72, 16.62%), S. aureus (36, 8.3%), and Enterococcus spp. (22, 5%) were among the common isolates. Candida spp. and non-Candida yeasts were detected in 6.7% and 13.4% of the cases, respectively. A positive correlation was shown between the CNS bacteremia and COVID-19 infection (p-value = 0.019). Antibiotic susceptibility testing results showed the highest frequency of resistance to azithromycin among CNS, azithromycin and tetracycline among S. aureus and tetracycline among Enterococcus spp. Methicillin-resistance phenotype in the S. aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (MR-CNS) was detected in 40% and 61.5% of the strains, respectively and the Enterococci were resistant to vancomycin in 33.3% of the isolates. Conclusion A decline in the trend of BSIs by GPB and an increase in AMR was shown in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing antibiotic resistance is a concern; however, chloramphenicol, linezolid, and vancomycin remain active against common causes of GPB-BSIs. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of water kefir microbiota and its bioactive metabolites for health promoting bio-functional products and applications
- Author
-
Dimitra Papadopoulou, Vasiliki Chrysikopoulou, Aikaterini Rampaouni, and Alexandros Tsoupras
- Subjects
water kefir ,lactobacillus ,acetobacter ,bifidobacteria ,zymomonas ,fungi ,yeasts ,anti-inflammatory ,anti-oxidant ,health benefits ,functional products ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated in several chronic disorders, while healthy foods and especially fermented beverages and those containing probiotics can provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant protection against such manifestations and the associated disorders. Water kefir is such a beverage that is rich in both probiotic microbiota and anti-inflammatory bioactives, with an increasing demand as an alternative to a fermented product based on non-dairy matrix with potential health properties. Within this study, the health-promoting properties of the most representative species and strains of microorganisms present in water kefir grains, as well as the health benefits attributed to the bioactive metabolites produced by each individual strain in a series of their cultures, were thoroughly reviewed. Emphasis was given to the antioxidant, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory bio-functionalities of both the cultured microorganisms and the bioactive metabolites produced in each case. Moreover, an extensive presentation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory health benefits observed from the overall water kefir cultures and classic water kefir beverages obtained were also conducted. Finally, the use of water kefir for the production of several other bio-functional products, including fermented functional foods, supplements, nutraceuticals, nutricosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and cosmetic applications with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant health promoting potential was also thoroughly discussed. Limitations and future perspectives on the use of water kefir, its microorganisms, and their bioactive metabolites are also outlined. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Snakes as sentinel of zoonotic yeasts and bio-indicators of environmental quality
- Author
-
Iniobong Chukwuebuka I. Ugochukwu, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Wafa Rhimi, Mara Miglianti, Amienwanlen Eugene Odigie, Adriana Mosca, Ernesto Filippi, Gianpaolo Montinaro, Domenico Otranto, and Claudia Cafarchia more...
- Subjects
Snakes ,Yeasts ,Morocco ,Italy ,Antifungal resistance ,Pathogenic species ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Reptiles in the wild or as pets may act as spreaders of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. However, studies on the mycobiota of these animals are scanty. This study investigates the occurrence of yeasts from the cloacal swabs of snakes of different origins and the antifungal profile of the isolated strains. A total of 180 cloacal samples of snakes were collected from Morocco (Group I: n = 68) and Italy (Group II: n = 112). Yeast species were biochemically and molecularly identified. A total of 72 yeast strains belonging to 13 genera, 8 from snakes in Group I and five from snakes in Group II were identified. The most frequently isolated species were Trichosporon asahii (22.2%) and Candida tropicalis (15.3%) from snakes in Group I and Debaryomyces spp. (16.7%) and Metahyphopichia silvanorum (11.1%) from snakes in Group II. Multiple azole and amphotericin B (AmB) resistance phenomena were detected among isolated yeasts. Azole multi drug resistance phenomena were detected among yeasts from Group I and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from Group II, whereas AmB resistance phenomena among those from Group II. Data suggest that snakes may harbor pathogenetic yeasts, being potential reservoirs and spreaders of these organisms in the environment. Since the yeast species community from different groups of animals as well as their antifungal profile reflects the epidemiology of human yeast infections in the same geographical areas, the results indicate that snakes may be considered as sentinels for human/animal pathogenic microorganisms and bio-indicators of environmental quality. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles obtained through the royal jelly on the yeasts Candida guilliermondii NP-4
- Author
-
Seda Marutyan, Hasmik Karapetyan, Lusine Khachatryan, Anna Muradyan, Syuzan Marutyan, Anna Poladyan, and Karen Trchounian
- Subjects
Silver nanoparticles ,Royal jelly ,Yeasts ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) obtained in the presence of royal jelly (RJ) on the growth of yeast Candida guilliermondii NP-4, on the total and H+-ATPase activity, as well as lipid peroxidation process and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase) activity was studied. It has been shown that RJ-mediated Ag NPs have a fungicide and fungistatic effects at the concentrations of 5.4 µg mL−1 and 27 µg mL−1, respectively. Under the influence of RJ-mediated Ag NPs, a decrease in total and H+-ATPase activity in yeast homogenates by ~ 90% and ~ 80% was observed, respectively. In yeast mitochondria total and H+-ATPase activity depression was detected by ~ 80% and ~ 90%, respectively. The amount of malondialdehyde in the Ag NPs exposed yeast homogenate increased ~ 60%, the catalase activity increased ~ 70%, and the SOD activity—~ 30%. The obtained data indicate that the use of RJ-mediated Ag NPs have a diverse range of influence on yeast cells. This approach may be important in the field of biomedical research aimed at evaluating the development of oxidative stress in cells. It may also contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of antimicrobial properties of RJ-mediated Ag NPs and help control the proliferation of pathogenic fungi. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Impact of cooperative or competitive dynamics between the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacilli on the immune response of the host.
- Author
-
Nenciarini, Stefano, Rivero, Damariz, Ciccione, Alessia, Amoriello, Roberta, Cerasuolo, Benedetta, Pallecchi, Marco, Bartolucci, Gian Luca, Ballerini, Clara, and Cavalieri, Duccio
- Subjects
SHORT-chain fatty acids ,DIETARY patterns ,IMMUNOREGULATION ,COOPETITION ,YEAST culture - Abstract
Fungi and bacteria can be found coexisting in a wide variety of environments. The combination of their physical and molecular interactions can result in a broad range of outcomes for each partner, from competition to cooperative relationships. Most of these interactions can also be found in the human gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiota is essential for humans, helping the assimilation of food components as well as the prevention of pathogen invasions through host immune system modulation and the production of beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Several factors, including changes in diet habits due to the progressive Westernization of the lifestyle, are linked to the onset of dysbiosis statuses that impair the correct balance of the gut environment. It is therefore crucial to explore the interactions between commensal and diet-derived microorganisms and their influence on host health. Investigating these interactions through co-cultures between humanand fermented food-derived lactobacilli and yeasts led us to understand how the strains' growth yield and their metabolic products rely on the nature and concentration of the species involved, producing either cooperative or competitive dynamics. Moreover, single cultures of yeasts and lactobacilli proved to be ideal candidates for developing immune-enhancing products, given their ability to induce trained immunity in blood-derived human monocytes in vitro. Conversely, co-cultures as well as mixtures of yeasts and lactobacilli have been shown to induce an anti-inflammatory response on the same immune cells in terms of cytokine profiles and activation surface markers, opening new possibilities in the design of probiotic and dietary therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The presence of yeasts and bacteria in free-living amoebae isolated from COVID-19 patients: concern for secondary infections.
- Author
-
Mirabedini, Zahra, Niyyati, Maryam, Mohammad Rahimi, Hanieh, Soleimani Jevinani, Sara, Fatemi, Marziye, Tanhaei, Mohammad, Mohebbi, Seyed Reza, Yadegar, Abbas, Abolghasemi, Sara, Arab Mazar, Zahra, and Mirjalali, Hamed more...
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 , *YEAST , *AMOEBA , *MICROORGANISMS , *RNA , *CANDIDA , *SARS-CoV-2 - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2, yeasts, and bacteria in isolated free-living amoeba (FLA) from COVID-19 patients. Nasopharyngeal swabs (
n = 60) were obtained from COVID-19 patients. After cultivation, morphological characterization, and RNA/DNA extraction, the presence of selected microorganisms was investigated. From 60 COVID-19 samples, 18 (30%) were positive for FLA.Acanthamoeba sp.Naegleria australiensis ,Tetramitus sp. andVermamoeba vermiformis were characterized in 12 (80%), 1 (6.66%), 2 (13.33%), and 7 (38.88%) of samples, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in FLA.Candida albicans ,C. tropicalis , andC. parapsilosis were detected in (11/18; 61.11%), (3/18; 16.67%), and (3/18; 16.67%) of samples, respectively.Geotrichum candidum was detected in 10/18 (55.55%) of samples.Streptococcus spp. andStaphylococcus spp. were identified in 16/18 (88.88%) and 3/18 (16.67%), respectively. The presence of yeasts and bacteria signifies the possible role of FLA in distribution of secondary infections in susceptible patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric bloodstream infections and alteration in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Gram-positive bacteria, 2020–2022.
- Author
-
Fallah, Fatemeh, Karimi, Abdollah, Azimi, Leila, Ghandchi, Ghazale, Gholinejad, Zari, Abdollahi, Nafiseh, Oskooie, Nazanin Ahari, Khodaei, Hannan, Armin, Shahnaz, Behzad, Azita, Hashemi, Seyedeh Masumeh, Ahmadizadeh, Seyedeh Narjes, and Alebouyeh, Masoud more...
- Subjects
MICROBIAL sensitivity tests ,COVID-19 pandemic ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ,COVID-19 ,ENTEROCOCCUS ,GRAM-positive bacteria ,ENTEROCOCCAL infections - Abstract
Background: Alteration in the etiology of pediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not well known during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric BSIs and alteration in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Gram-positive bacteria. Methods: The frequency of BSIs among children under 18 years old was retrospectively recorded in a tertiary children's hospital in Tehran, Iran from February 2020 to December 2022. The status of COVID-19 infection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, bacteremia/fungemia according to BACTEC 9120 Culture System results, characterization of bacteria using biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for Gram-positive bacterial isolates using disk diffusion method were determined. Statistical analysis was done to measure the correlation of COVID-19 infection with BSIs and AMR. Results: Out of 13,345 COVID-19 tests and 4,194 BACTEC blood culture requests, bacteremia/fungemia were confirmed in 10.37% (435/4,194) of the patients who requested both tests simultaneously. The COVID-19 infection was confirmed in 25.3% (110/435) of the patients with bacteremia/fungemia. The infection with characterized Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and fungi was detected in 32.3% (140/433) and 8.31% (36/433) of the cases, respectively. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS, 72, 16.62%), S. aureus (36, 8.3%), and Enterococcus spp. (22, 5%) were among the common isolates. Candida spp. and non-Candida yeasts were detected in 6.7% and 13.4% of the cases, respectively. A positive correlation was shown between the CNS bacteremia and COVID-19 infection (p-value = 0.019). Antibiotic susceptibility testing results showed the highest frequency of resistance to azithromycin among CNS, azithromycin and tetracycline among S. aureus and tetracycline among Enterococcus spp. Methicillin-resistance phenotype in the S. aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (MR-CNS) was detected in 40% and 61.5% of the strains, respectively and the Enterococci were resistant to vancomycin in 33.3% of the isolates. Conclusion: A decline in the trend of BSIs by GPB and an increase in AMR was shown in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing antibiotic resistance is a concern; however, chloramphenicol, linezolid, and vancomycin remain active against common causes of GPB-BSIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Ethanol and 2-phenylethanol production by bee-isolated <italic>Meyerozyma caribbica</italic> strains.
- Author
-
Fenner, Eduardo Dias, Bressan, Stéfany Kell, Santos, Angela Alves dos, Giehl, Anderson, Minussi, Gabriel do Amaral, Teixeira, Elisa Amorim Amâncio, Diniz, Mariana da Costa, Werlang, Larissa, Fogolari, Odinei, Rosa, Carlos Augusto, Treichel, Helen, Cabrera, Liziara da Costa, and Alves Junior, Sergio Luiz more...
- Subjects
- *
VOLATILE organic compounds , *STINGLESS bees , *BIOTECHNOLOGY , *YEAST , *BIOMASS energy , *ETHANOL - Abstract
AbstractInvestigating the biotechnological potential of wild microorganisms is paramount for optimizing bioprocesses. Given this premise, we looked for yeasts in Brazilian native stingless bees, considering the recognized potential of pollinating insect-associated microorganisms for the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Two yeast strains of the species
Meyerozyma caribbica were isolated from beesScaptotrigona postica and evaluated for their fermentative capacity. Both yeasts were capable of fermenting sucrose (the main sugar used in the Brazilian ethanol industry) with over 90% efficiency and yields of up to 0.504 g/g. Through an experimental design analysis (CCD), it was verified that the ethanol productivity of these yeasts can also benefit from high concentrations of sucrose and low pH values, desirable traits for microorganisms in this biofuel production. At the same time, CCD analyses also showed the great capacity of theseM. caribbica strains to produce another alcohol of broad biotechnological interest, 2-phenylethanol. Interestingly, the statistical analyses demonstrated that greater production of this compound can occur at high sugar concentrations and low availability of nitrogen sources, which can be easily achieved using residual low-cost feedstocks. Thus, our results suggest that theseM. caribbica strains may be efficiently used in both ethanol and 2-phenylethanol production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Insights on the microbiology of Ethiopian fermented milk products: A review.
- Author
-
Karssa, Tiruha H., Kussaga, Jamal B., Semedo‐Lemsaddek, Teresa, and Mugula, Jovin K.
- Subjects
- *
CAMEL milk , *LACTIC acid bacteria , *FERMENTED foods , *DAIRY products , *COTTAGE cheese , *FERMENTED milk - Abstract
Fermented milk products play a vital role in the diets of Ethiopians. They are produced from either spontaneous fermentation or back‐slopping methods at the household level, in which lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts predominate. As a result, the processing steps are not standardized and overall safety is still of public health relevance. Therefore, quality and safety improvement, standardization of traditional manufacturing practices, and commercialization of products to a wider market are important. Hence, this systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the microbiology of traditional Ethiopian fermented milk products, including ergo (spontaneously fermented whole milk), dhanaan (fermented camel milk), ititu (concentrated sour milk or spontaneously fermented milk curd), ayib (traditional cottage cheese), qibe (traditional butter), arrera (defatted buttermilk), and hazo (spiced fermented buttermilk). We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and searched relevant databases and search engines, including the Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate. Furthermore, the pertinent literature was checked individually and identified. Dairy fermentation provides shelf‐life extension and improves the organoleptic quality of products. Nonetheless, the aforementioned Ethiopian fermented foods may be contaminated with Escherichia coli 0157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., or Staphylococcus aureus due to inadequate processing and handling practices. This systematic review also revealed that these traditional milk products lack consistent quality and safety due to poor hygienic preparation techniques, non‐controlled fermentation, and limited knowledge or awareness of small‐holder dairy farmers. Therefore, the use of suitable procedures including good hygienic practices and controlled fermentation is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Yeasts from frass of longhorn beetle larvae (Cerambycidae) in birch wood and description of Diddensiella monakovoensis f.a., sp. nov.
- Author
-
Kachalkin, Aleksey, Bekkarevich, Aleksandra, Tomashevskaya, Maria, and Glushakova, Anna
- Subjects
- *
BIOLOGICAL classification , *ELONGATION factors (Biochemistry) , *CERAMBYCIDAE , *GENETIC translation , *SEQUENCE analysis - Abstract
In the study of yeasts from frass of longhorn beetle larvae, species with high abundance from the genera Diddensiella, Scheffersomyces and Sugiyamaella and some others with lower abundance were observed. The novel ascomycetous yeast species Diddensiella monakovoensis f.a., sp. nov. (holotype: KBP Y-6906; isotypes: VKM Y-3676 and DBVPG 8067) is proposed based on a conventional DNA-barcode sequence analysis and physiological characteristics. The new yeast species differs by 3.5% (11 nt substitutions and 7 indels) in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS region) of the rDNA sequence from the type strain D. caesifluorescens NCAIM Y.01949 T and has about 2% (11 nt substitutions) and 9% (76 nt substitutions and 4 indels) differences from it by sequences of the partial large-subunit (LSU) region and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) gene, respectively. The genetic differences between the species are also underpinned by different physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of water kefir microbiota and its bioactive metabolites for health promoting bio-functional products and applications.
- Author
-
Papadopoulou, Dimitra, Chrysikopoulou, Vasiliki, Rampaouni, Aikaterini, and Tsoupras, Alexandros
- Subjects
FERMENTED foods ,WATER use ,KEFIR ,OXIDATIVE stress ,ACETOBACTER ,FERMENTED beverages ,FUNCTIONAL foods - Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated in several chronic disorders, while healthy foods and especially fermented beverages and those containing probiotics can provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant protection against such manifestations and the associated disorders. Water kefir is such a beverage that is rich in both probiotic microbiota and anti-inflammatory bioactives, with an increasing demand as an alternative to a fermented product based on non-dairy matrix with potential health properties. Within this study, the health-promoting properties of the most representative species and strains of microorganisms present in water kefir grains, as well as the health benefits attributed to the bioactive metabolites produced by each individual strain in a series of their cultures, were thoroughly reviewed. Emphasis was given to the antioxidant, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory bio-functionalities of both the cultured microorganisms and the bioactive metabolites produced in each case. Moreover, an extensive presentation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory health benefits observed from the overall water kefir cultures and classic water kefir beverages obtained were also conducted. Finally, the use of water kefir for the production of several other bio-functional products, including fermented functional foods, supplements, nutraceuticals, nutricosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and cosmetic applications with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant health promoting potential was also thoroughly discussed. Limitations and future perspectives on the use of water kefir, its microorganisms, and their bioactive metabolites are also outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Co-Encapsulation of Coffee and Coffee By-Product Extracts with Probiotic Kluyveromyces lactis.
- Author
-
Tavares, Dérica Gonçalves, Souza, Mayara Andrade Martins de, Santos, Tamara Leite dos, Silva, Adriele do Amor Divino, Abreu, Danilo José Machado de, and Duarte, Whasley Ferreira
- Subjects
COFFEE beans ,KLUYVEROMYCES marxianus ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,GREEN bean ,CHLOROGENIC acid - Abstract
Coffee and coffee by-products contain several chemical compounds of great relevance, such as chlorogenic acid (CGA), trigonelline, and caffeine. Furthermore, yeasts have been the target of studies for their use as probiotics because of their interesting biochemical characteristics. The combined administration of probiotic microorganisms with components that provide health benefits mediated by alginate encapsulation is an alternative that ensures the stability of cells and chemical compounds. In this context, the aim of this work was to co-encapsulate the probiotic yeast Kluyveromyces lactis B10 and extracts of green coffee beans, coffee silverskin, and PVA (black, green or immature, and sour coffee beans). The bioactive composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts, microcapsule morphological characteristics and encapsulation efficiency, ability of the encapsulation to protect the yeast cells subjected to gastrointestinal conditions, and antioxidant activity of the microcapsules were evaluated. All the evaluated extracts showed antioxidant activity, of which PVA showed 75.7% and 77.0%, green coffee bean showed 66.4% and 45.7%, and coffee silverskin showed 67.7% and 37.4% inhibition of DPPH and ABTS
•+ radicals, respectively, and antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus, with high activity for the PVA extract. The microcapsules presented diameters of between 1451.46 and 1581.12 μm. The encapsulation efficiencies referring to the yeast retention in the microcapsules were 98.05%, 96.51%, and 96.32% for green coffee bean, coffee silverskin, and PVA, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the microcapsules of the three extracts presented small deformations and irregularities on the surface. The K. lactis cells encapsulated in all treatments with the extracts showed viability higher than 8.59 log CFU/mL, as recommended for probiotic food products. The addition of green coffee bean, coffee silverskin, and PVA extracts did not reduce the encapsulation efficiency of the alginate microcapsules, enabling a safe interaction between the extracts and the K. lactis cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Role of Humic Substances in the (Bio)Degradation of Synthetic Polymers under Environmental Conditions.
- Author
-
Senko, Olga, Maslova, Olga, Stepanov, Nikolay, Aslanli, Aysel, Lyagin, Ilya, and Efremenko, Elena
- Subjects
POLYMER degradation ,ORGANIC compounds ,SOLAR ultraviolet radiation ,HUMUS ,HUMIC acid - Abstract
Information on the detection of the presence and potential for degradation of synthetic polymers (SPs) under various environmental conditions is of increasing interest and concern to a wide range of specialists. At this stage, there is a need to understand the relationship between the main participants in the processes of (bio)degradation of SPs in various ecosystems (reservoirs with fresh and sea water, soils, etc.), namely the polymers themselves, the cells of microorganisms (MOs) participating in their degradation, and humic substances (HSs). HSs constitute a macrocomponent of natural non-living organic matter of aquatic and soil ecosystems, formed and transformed in the processes of mineralization of bio-organic substances in environmental conditions. Analysis of the main mechanisms of their influence on each other and the effects produced that accelerate or inhibit polymer degradation can create the basis for scientifically based approaches to the most effective solution to the problem of degradation of SPs, including in the form of microplastics. This review is aimed at comparing various aspects of interactions of SPs, MOs, and HSs in laboratory experiments (in vitro) and environmental investigations (in situ) aimed at the biodegradation of polymers, as well as pollutants (antibiotics and pesticides) that they absorb. Comparative calculations of the degradation velocity of different SPs in different environments are presented. A special place in the analysis is given to the elemental chemical composition of HSs, which are most successfully involved in the biodegradation of SPs. In addition, the role of photo-oxidation and photoaging of polymers under the influence of the ultraviolet spectrum of solar radiation under environmental conditions on the (bio)degradation of SPs in the presence of HSs is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Snakes as sentinel of zoonotic yeasts and bio-indicators of environmental quality.
- Author
-
Ugochukwu, Iniobong Chukwuebuka I., Mendoza-Roldan, Jairo Alfonso, Rhimi, Wafa, Miglianti, Mara, Odigie, Amienwanlen Eugene, Mosca, Adriana, Filippi, Ernesto, Montinaro, Gianpaolo, Otranto, Domenico, and Cafarchia, Claudia more...
- Subjects
- *
CANDIDA tropicalis , *AMPHOTERICIN B , *ENVIRONMENTAL quality , *RHODOTORULA , *YEAST , *CANDIDA - Abstract
Reptiles in the wild or as pets may act as spreaders of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. However, studies on the mycobiota of these animals are scanty. This study investigates the occurrence of yeasts from the cloacal swabs of snakes of different origins and the antifungal profile of the isolated strains. A total of 180 cloacal samples of snakes were collected from Morocco (Group I: n = 68) and Italy (Group II: n = 112). Yeast species were biochemically and molecularly identified. A total of 72 yeast strains belonging to 13 genera, 8 from snakes in Group I and five from snakes in Group II were identified. The most frequently isolated species were Trichosporon asahii (22.2%) and Candida tropicalis (15.3%) from snakes in Group I and Debaryomyces spp. (16.7%) and Metahyphopichia silvanorum (11.1%) from snakes in Group II. Multiple azole and amphotericin B (AmB) resistance phenomena were detected among isolated yeasts. Azole multi drug resistance phenomena were detected among yeasts from Group I and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from Group II, whereas AmB resistance phenomena among those from Group II. Data suggest that snakes may harbor pathogenetic yeasts, being potential reservoirs and spreaders of these organisms in the environment. Since the yeast species community from different groups of animals as well as their antifungal profile reflects the epidemiology of human yeast infections in the same geographical areas, the results indicate that snakes may be considered as sentinels for human/animal pathogenic microorganisms and bio-indicators of environmental quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Isolation and Identification of Yeasts in Marcha, a Rice Wine Starter Culture From Nepal.
- Author
-
Karmacharya, Jayram, Shrestha, Prasansah, Karki, Tika Bahadur, Pant, Om Prakash, and Suhandy, Diding
- Subjects
ETHNIC groups ,CLEMATIS ,VERNONIA ,AMYLASES ,YEAST ,RICE wines - Abstract
Nepal harbors a rich diversity of cultures and traditions, including the unique practice of creating an indigenous grain called Marcha by various ethnic groups such as Newar, Tamang, Sherpa, Rai, Limbu, Gurung, Magar, and Tharu people. In the eastern region of Nepal, Marcha producers utilize over 42 different plants, including Vernonia cinerea, Clematis grewiae, Polygala arillata, Buddleja asiatica, Inula sp., Scoparia, and more, which shows regional diversity. The primary objective of the study was to explore the diversity of yeast present in Marcha samples. The studied Marcha samples were collected from 10 different geographic regions of Nepal, which included altogether 27 samples. The isolates were grouped into Groups A, B, and C based on morphological and physiological characteristics. Notably, Group B yeast displayed high amylase production, an enzyme responsible for starch breakdown, and exhibited the ability to produce ethanol. To further investigate the potential of these isolates, stress exclusion tests were conducted, with 30 isolates (70%) showing positive responses. The yeast isolates demonstrated resilience to high glucose concentrations of up to 36% (w/v) at a pH above 3 and a temperature of 37°C, which is the ideal growth condition. The study observed a direct correlation between the yeast isolates' ethanol production capabilities and their tolerance to different ethanol concentrations. Considering that all tested Marcha samples contained yeast capable of starch degradation and ethanol production, it was expected that these yeast isolates would actively participate in the fermentation of starch‐based alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Argentinian Kefirs Varying in Apparent Viscosity.
- Author
-
Lisboa Rios, Diego, Bengoa, Ana Agustina, Costa Lima da Silva, Patrícia, Moura, César Silva Santana, Garrote, Graciela Liliana, Abraham, Analía Graciela, da Rocha Fernandes, Gabriel, Nicoli, Jacques Robert, Neumann, Elisabeth, and Cantini Nunes, Álvaro more...
- Subjects
- *
ACETOBACTER , *LACTIC acid bacteria , *KLUYVEROMYCES marxianus , *LEUCONOSTOC mesenteroides , *RHEOLOGY - Abstract
Comparative metatranscriptomics of the bacterial and yeast communities of two milk kefir beverages (MKAA1 and MKAA2) was carried out. They were obtained by fermentation with two different frozen stocks of the kefir grain CIDCA AGK1, differing in rheological features and production of organic acids. We hypothesised that the differences in their physicochemical and rheological properties might be due to the microbial activity in each product. The dominance of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and a marginal amount of acetic acid bacteria characterised the microbiome. The bacterial families Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcaceae accounted for almost all of the bacterial gene transcripts, with Lactobacillus helveticus, L. kefiranofaciens, L. gallinarum, and Lactococcus lactis being most frequent in the microbiome of the MKAA1 beverage and L. kefiranofaciens, Lc. Lactis, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides being the most prevalent in MKAA2. Dipodascaceae and Saccharomycetaceae were the leading yeast families, represented by Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomyces unisporus, and Kluyveromyces marxianus. MKAA1 and MKAA2 shared >75% KEGG Ortologs (KOs) in their bacteria and yeast libraries. The considerable decreases in total expressed genes (KEGG Ortologs) assigned to Lactobacillus helveticus and L. gallinarum might be related to the variations in the rheological features of the beverages, probably by compromising the interrelations with L. kefiranofaciens, which might explain the variations in the rheological features of the beverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. In Situ Antimicrobial Properties of Sabinene Hydrate, a Secondary Plant Metabolite.
- Author
-
Judžentienė, Asta, Pečiulytė, Dalė, and Nedveckytė, Irena
- Subjects
- *
YEAST fungi , *IPS typographus , *GRAM-negative bacteria , *DISC diffusion tests (Microbiology) , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *CANDIDA albicans , *CANDIDA - Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate natural products for their potential against pathogenic microorganisms. Sabinene hydrate (SH), a monoterpenoid, is synthesised by numerous different plants as a secondary metabolite. At present, there is a lack of definite investigations regarding the antimicrobial activity of SH itself and its different isomers. The antimicrobial effects of commercially available SH (composed mainly of trans-isomer) were evaluated within a range of concentrations in three types of contact tests: solid and vapor diffusion and the macro-broth dilution method. Moreover, the effects of SH on the rate of linear growth and spore germination were also examined. Ethanolic SH solutions were tested against an array of microorganisms, including blue-stain fungi (Ceratocystis polonica, Ophiostoma bicolor, O. penicillatum), frequently originating from bark beetle galleries; three fungal strains (Musicillium theobromae, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, and Trichoderma sp.) isolated from a sapwood underneath bark beetle galleries (Ips typographus) on spruce (Picea abies) stems; Verticillium fungicola, isolated from diseased I. typographus larvae; two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa); five yeasts (Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Rhodotorula muscilaginosa), and two saprophytic fungi (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum). In solid agar disc diffusion tests, Gram-positive bacteria exhibited greater susceptibility to SH than Gram-negative bacteria, followed by yeasts and fungi. The most resistant to SH in both the disc diffusion and broth macro-dilution methods were P. aeruginosa, A. niger, and Trichoderma sp. strains. Blue-stain fungi and fungi isolated from the Picea sapwood were the most resistant among the fungal strains tested. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) generated by SH and determined using a disc volatilization method were dependent on the fungal species and played an important role in the development of microorganism inhibition. The two Gram-positive bacteria, B. subtilis and S. aureus (whose MICs were 0.0312 and 0.0625 mg/mL, respectively), were the organisms most susceptible to SH, followed by the Gram-negative bacterium, E. coli (MIC = 0.125 mg/mL) and two yeasts, C. albicans and C. kruei (MIC was 0.125 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively). C. parapsilosis (MIC = 0.75 mg/mL) was the yeast most resistant to SH. The investigation of antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites is important for the development of a new generation of fungicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Diversity of endophytic bacteria with antimicrobial potential isolated from marine macroalgae from Yacila and Cangrejos beaches, Piura-Peru.
- Author
-
Vega-Portalatino, Edwin Jorge, Rosales-Cuentas, Miriam Marleni, Tamariz-Angeles, Carmen, Olivera-Gonzales, Percy, Espinoza-Espinoza, Luis Alfredo, Moreno-Quispe, Luz Arelis, and Portalatino-Zevallos, Jube Ciro more...
- Abstract
Endophytic bacteria found in marine macroalgae have been studied for their potential antimicrobial activity, consequently, they could serve as a valuable source of bioactive compounds to control pathogenic bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. Algae endophytic bacteria were isolated from Caulerpa sp., Ulva sp., Ahnfeltiopsis sp., and Chondracantus chamissoi from Yacila and Cangrejo Beaches (Piura, Peru). Antimicrobial assays against pathogenic bacteria were evaluated using cross-culture, over-plate, and volatile organic compound tests. Afterward, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of selected crude extracts were determined, also ITS molecular analysis, antifungal activity, and PCR of iturin, fengycin, and surfactin genes were performed for bacteria strains exhibiting better activity. Forty-six algae endophytic bacteria were isolated from algae. Ten strains inhibited gram-positive pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes), and 12 inhibited gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteric sv typhimurium). Bacteria with better activity belong to Bacillus sp., Kluyvera ascorbata, Pantoea agglomerans, Leclercia adecarboxylata, and Enterobacter sp., which only four showed antifungal activities against Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, Colletotrichium sp., Fusarium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria sp. Furthermore, K. ascorbata YAFE21 and Bacillus sp. YCFE4 exhibited iturin and fengycin genes. The results indicate that the algae endophytic bacteria found in this study, particularly K. ascorbata YAFE21, Bacillus sp. YCFR6, L. adecarboxylata CUFE2, Bacillus sp. YUFE8, Enterobacter sp. YAFL1, and P. agglomerans YAFL6, could be investigated as potential producers of antimicrobial compounds due to their broad activity against various microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. 蓝靛果果酒降酸酵母菌的筛选鉴定及其发酵特性.
- Author
-
包怡红, 梁爽, and 骆嘉原
- Abstract
Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Fungal community structure in bees: influence of biome and host species.
- Author
-
Roque, Wellington Fava, de Moura, James Moraes, Santos-Silva, Lorhaine, da Silva, Gilvan Ferreira, de Carvalho, Lucas Amoroso Lopes, Pinheiro, Daniel Guariz, Wobeto, Carmen, and Soares, Marcos Antônio more...
- Abstract
Understanding the ecological relationship between fungi and insects is essential for elucidating interactions in biodiverse regions such as South American biomes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of biome, host species, and microhabitat on the community structure of yeasts (using culture-dependent methods) and fungi (culture-independent methods) in bees and to identify the functional characteristics of isolated strains. Samples were collected from the body, hive, honey, and beebread of bees from the genera Trigona, Scaptotrigona, Tetragona, Apis, Meliponas, and Tetragonisca in the Pantanal, Amazon, and Cerrado biomes. We isolated 176 strains representing 46 yeast species, predominantly from the genera Starmerella (44.32%), Hanseniaspora (5.16%), and Wickerhamiella (4.38%). Starmerella etchellsii (32%) was the most abundant species, while Aureobasidium leucospermi (< 0.01%) was the least abundant. Only S. etchellsii and S. apicola (11%) were present in all bee species. The composition and abundance of yeasts were significantly influenced by biome and host species (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). Alpha diversity varied significantly among microhabitats (Dunn's p < 0.05), bee species, and biomes (Duncan p < 0.05). Culture-independent methods identified 234 Ascomycota ASVs, 18 Basidiomycota ASVs, and 1 Mucoromycete ASV across 90 genera and 108 species. Saccharomycetales accounted for approximately 72% of the fungal abundance, with S. apicola (14.64%) and S. meliponinorum (11.21%) being the most abundant. Additionally, barcoding identified 100 ASVs of plants associated with bees, grouped into 22 families and 24 species, predominantly Asteraceae, Anacardiacea, Elaeocarpaceae, and Solanaceae. The functional characteristics of the yeasts showed potential for industrial applications, varying according to the strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Using yeasts for the studies of nonfunctional factors in protein evolution.
- Author
-
Potera, Katarzyna and Tomala, Katarzyna
- Abstract
The evolution of protein sequence is driven not only by factors directly related to protein function and shape but also by nonfunctional factors. Such factors in protein evolution might be categorized as those connected to energetic costs, synthesis efficiency, and avoidance of misfolding and toxicity. A common approach to studying them is correlational analysis contrasting them with some characteristics of the protein, like amino acid composition, but these features are interdependent. To avoid possible bias, empirical studies are needed, and not enough work has been done to date. In this review, we describe the role of nonfunctional factors in protein evolution and present an experimental approach using yeast as a suitable model organism. The focus of the proposed approach is on the potential negative impact on the fitness of mutations that change protein properties not related to function and the frequency of mutations that change these properties. Experimental results of testing the misfolding avoidance hypothesis as an explanation for why highly expressed proteins evolve slowly are inconsistent with correlational research results. Therefore, more efforts should be made to empirically test the effects of nonfunctional factors in protein evolution and to contrast these results with the results of the correlational analysis approach. Take‐away: Protein evolution is driven also by factors not related to function.The role of nonfunctional factors is usually inferred from correlation studies.Experiments are needed to validate and understand the computational results.Budding yeast is a good choice of organism to perform such experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Naturally Fermented Gordal and Manzanilla Green Table Olives: Effect of Single Yeast Starters on Fermentation and Final Characteristics of the Products.
- Author
-
Ruiz-Barba, José Luis, Cortés-Delgado, Amparo, Sánchez, Antonio Higinio, López-López, Antonio, and Montaño, Alfredo
- Subjects
KLUYVEROMYCES marxianus ,CULTIVARS ,PRODUCT attributes ,OLIVE ,CANDIDA - Abstract
The influence of selected yeast starters (Kluyveromyces lactis L39, Kazachstania humilis AG5, Nakazawaea molendinolei IG9, Candida diddensiae IG12, and Candida adriatica L30) on the fermentation and final characteristics of natural-style Gordal and Manzanilla green table olives was investigated. In both cultivars, the addition of yeast starters had no significant influence on the evolution of physicochemical parameters or the final main metabolites compared to noninoculated olives. In the Gordal cultivar, K. lactis L39 originated the greatest enrichment of volatile compounds, whereas K. lactis L39 and C. adriatica L30 gave the best volatile profiles in the Manzanilla cultivar. In both cultivars, the β-glucosidase-positive strains N. molendinolei IG9, C. diddensiae IG12, and C. adriatica L30 produced no significant decrease in the total phenolic content at the end of fermentation. Although the yeast starters had a significant effect on the volatile contents of the fermented products, they did not have a significant influence on the main sensory characteristics perceived by a sensory panel. A significant linear relationship (R
2 = 0.815, p < 0.001) was found and validated between the perceived bitterness intensity and the content of total phenols in olive pulp, providing a simple and objective method for the evaluation of bitterness in table olives without the need for sensory analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculation on the aflatoxin B1 contamination and the diversity of yeast communities in Aspergillus flavus-contaminated experimental corn silage.
- Author
-
Sárkány, D., Bata-Vidács, I., Dobolyi, Cs., Dlauchy, D., Szabó, Gy., and Kukolya, J.
- Subjects
LACTIC acid bacteria ,YEAST culture ,SPECIES diversity ,SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae ,AFLATOXINS ,ASPERGILLUS flavus - Abstract
The present work aimed to study the yeast communities of whole crop corn silages (CS) that were previously contaminated with aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus (CSCA). In addition, the effect of lactic acid bacterium (LAB) inoculation on the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) content, genotoxicity, yeast load, and diversity of yeast communities were also investigated. In A. flavus contaminated silages, after two months, the AFB1 content was 40% lower with LAB inoculation, also a lower level of genotoxicity was determined. The number of yeasts cultured from the initial mixture of chopped whole crop corn was 4.8 × 10
7 CFU g−1 wet mass, while only 2.4 × 106 CFU g−1 from the CSCA and 7.1 × 105 CFU g−1 from the LAB-inoculated CSCA could be cultured. Based on 144 randomly isolated strains, the yeast community of the initial mixture consisted of 8 species. In contrast, the yeast community of CSCA consisted only of 4 species determined by 132 randomly selected isolates. LAB-inoculated CSCA consisted also of 4 species based on 158 randomly isolated strains. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia kudriavzevii proved to be predominant in the CSCA, while S. cerevisiae and Meyerozyma guilliermondii were the most abundant in the LAB-inoculated CSCA. The species richness was also confirmed by alpha diversity values (1.827, 1.188, and 1.123 as Shannon's indices for CS, CSCA, and LAB-inoculated CSCA, respectively). In response to LAB inoculation, the species diversity decreased considerably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Dual Role of Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi in Fermented Sausages.
- Author
-
Sidari, Rossana and Tofalo, Rosanna
- Subjects
FILAMENTOUS fungi ,YEAST fungi ,LACTIC acid bacteria ,YEAST culture ,SAUSAGES - Abstract
This contribution aims to review the presence and the potential double role—positive or beneficial and negative or harmful—of fungi in fermented sausages as well as their use as starter cultures. Traditionally, studies have been focused on lactic acid bacteria; however, over the years, interest in the study of fungi has increased. The important contribution of yeasts and filamentous fungi to the quality and safety of fermented sausages has emerged from reviewing the literature regarding these fermented products. In conclusion, this review contributes to the existing literature by considering the double role of filamentous fungi and yeasts, the global fermented sausage market size, the role and use of starters, and the starters mainly present in the worldwide market, as well as the main factors to take into account to optimize production. Finally, some suggestions for future broadening of the sector are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Potential probiotic and functional properties of Brettanomyces strains isolated from kombucha tea.
- Author
-
Areal-Hermida, Lara, Coelho, Pedro, Pichardo-Gallardo, Ángeles, Prudêncio, Cristina, and Sieiro, Carmen
- Subjects
KOMBUCHA tea ,INTESTINAL mucosa ,SALMONELLA enterica ,BACILLUS cereus ,LISTERIA monocytogenes - Abstract
Kombucha, a beverage traditionally obtained through the fermentation of tea, is believed to have beneficial health properties. Therefore, characterizing the microorganisms responsible for this fermentation is essential to demonstrate its potential health benefits and to identify candidates for new probiotics. In this study, four probiotic yeast strains isolated from kombucha tea were identified, by the PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal ITS region and the sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA, as Brettanomyces bruxellensis (UVI55 and UVI56) and B. anomalus (UVI57 and UVI58). Properties relevant to probiotics were also studied in these strains. All of them showed excellent survival in simulated gastric (99%-100%) and duodenal (95%-100%) juices. The ability to self-aggregate (38%-100%), adhesion to xylene (15%-50%) and, above all, adhesion to Caco-2 cells (4%-21%), revealed its potential capacity to adhere to the intestinal epithelium. In addition, the tested strains showed excellent antioxidant capacity (82%-94%), antimicrobial activity against different pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus), as well as remarkable cytotoxic activity against colon, melanoma and ovarian tumor cell lines. Finally, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, strain UVI56 exhibited ability to both extend the lifespan of the nematode and protect it against infection by S. enterica. These results support the probiotic and functional properties of the analyzed strains. In conclusion, the study revealed that kombucha tea could be a source of potential probiotics that contribute to its health-promoting properties and that the characterized Brettanomyces strains could be exploited directly as probiotics or for the development of new functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Do flower-colonizing microbes influence floral evolution? A test with fast-cycling Brassica.
- Author
-
Rivest, Sébastien and Forrest, Jessica R K
- Subjects
- *
BACTERIAL evolution , *POLLINATORS , *POLLINATION , *MATE plant , *BRASSICA - Abstract
Pollinators are thought to be the main drivers of floral evolution. Flowers are also colonized by abundant communities of microbes that can affect the interaction between plants and their pollinators. Very little is known, however, about how flower-colonizing microbes influence floral evolution. Here we performed a 6-generation experimental evolution study using fast-cycling Brassica rapa, in which we factorially manipulated the presence of pollinators and flower microbes to determine how pollinators and microbes interact in driving floral evolution. We measured the evolution of 6 morphological traits, as well as the plant mating system and flower attractiveness. Only one of the 6 traits (flower number) evolved in response to pollinators, while microbes did not drive the evolution of any trait, nor did they interact with pollinators in driving the evolution of morphological traits. Moreover, we did not find evidence that pollinators or microbes affected the evolution of flower attractiveness to pollinators. However, we found an interactive effect of pollinators and microbes on the evolution of autonomous selfing, a trait that is expected to evolve in response to pollinator limitations. Overall, we found only weak evidence that microbes mediate floral evolution. However, our ability to detect an interactive effect of pollinators and microbes might have been limited by weak pollinator-mediated selection in our experimental setting. Our results contrast with previous (similar) experimental evolution studies, highlighting the susceptibility of such experiments to drift and to experimental artefacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Reduction in Ochratoxin A Occurrence in Coffee: From Good Practices to Biocontrol Agents.
- Author
-
López-Rodríguez, Claudia, Verheecke-Vaessen, Carol, Strub, Caroline, Fontana, Angélique, Schorr-Galindo, Sabine, and Medina, Angel
- Subjects
- *
LACTIC acid bacteria , *TOXIGENIC fungi , *YEAST fungi , *BIOLOGICAL pest control agents , *COFFEE plantations - Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by Aspergillus section Circumdati and section Nigri across the coffee chain. OTA is nephrotoxic and is a threat to human health. This review summarizes current knowledge on how to reduce OTA concentration in coffee from farm to cup. After a brief introduction to the OTA occurrence in coffee, current good management practices are introduced. The core of this review focuses on biocontrol and microbial decontamination by lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and their associated enzymes currently reported in the literature. Special attention is given to publications closest to in vivo applications of biocontrol agents and microbial OTA adsorption or degradation agents. Finally, this review provides an opinion on which future techniques to promote within the coffee supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. First DNA Barcoding Survey in Bulgaria Unveiled Huge Diversity of Yeasts in Insects.
- Author
-
Dimitrov, Roumen, Gouliamova, Dilnora, Guéorguiev, Borislav, Smith, Maudy, Groenewald, Marizeth, and Boekhout, Teun
- Subjects
- *
CLASSIFICATION of insects , *GENETIC barcoding , *INSECT surveys , *EARWIGS , *SPECIES diversity - Abstract
Simple Summary: This study surveyed the diversity of yeast species in the guts of various insects from three Bulgarian National Parks, Vitosha, Rila, and Pirin. Insects from a wide range of taxonomic groups, including Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera, and Collembola, were collected. Yeast strains were identified using DNA barcoding of ribosomal markers. This study found 89 ascomycetous and 18 basidiomycetous yeast isolates. Forty-two percent of the yeast isolates represented novel yeast species. Our study confirms that insects remain a rich source of unknown yeast species. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive survey aimed at assessing the diversity of yeast species inhabiting the guts of various insect species collected mainly from two Bulgarian National Parks, namely, Rila, and Pirin. The insect specimens encompass a broad taxonomic spectrum, including representatives from Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera, Isopoda, and Collembola. Yeast strains were identified with DNA barcoding using the ribosomal markers, specifically, the D1/D2 domains of the ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacers regions ITS 1 + 2 (ITS). The analysis unveiled the presence of 89 ascomycetous and 18 basidiomycetous yeast isolates associated with the insect specimens. Furthermore, our study identified 18 hitherto unknown yeast species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Microbiota of black tea at different manufacturing stages.
- Author
-
Karunaratne, S. H. S., Abeygunawardena, G. A. S. I., Jayaratne, D. L., Premakumara, G. A. S., and Chandrasekharan, N. V.
- Subjects
- *
LACTOBACILLUS fermentum , *EXTRATERRESTRIAL life , *BACTERIAL population , *TEA trade , *FUNGAL communities - Abstract
In recent decades, the consumption of tea has increased due to its various associated health benefits, prompting growing concerns regarding the safety and quality of tea products. Nevertheless, there has been a significant dearth of scientific information regarding the microbiological status of black tea leaves. This study sought to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the microflora present in tea leaves at various processing stages of black tea production. Samples were meticulously collected during distinct processing steps, and their culturable microorganisms were identified through sequence‐based methods. The results revealed that the predominant bacterial genus throughout the tea manufacturing process was Bacillus, constituting a substantial 77% of the identified bacterial population. Other leading genera included Klebsiella (8%), Lysinibacillus (4%), Escherichia (2%) with the remaining 9% comprising various other genera. Among the fungal community, Aspergillus and Penicillium species exhibited a significantly higher relative abundance, each comprising 24%. Furthermore, yeast communities included Debaryomyces, Candida, Hyphopichia, Rhodosporidiobolus, and Wickerhamomyces species. Lactobacillus fermentum was identified in the fermented tea leaves, highlighting its role in the fermentation process. Yeasts and molds were also present in the final tea product, indicating potential post‐processing contamination. The study did not detect any mycotoxins in any of the samples. These findings had indicated that presence of some microorganisms is extremely common in different processing stages while alien microorganisms are being introduced during manufacturing. Thus, emphasizing the need for stringent regulations and quality assurance practices within the tea industry to ensure the safety and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.