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Copyright of Necmettin Erbakan University Dental Journal (NEU Dent J) is the property of Necmettin Erbakan University Dental Journal (NEU Dent J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Treatment of Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) poses significant challenges for pediatric dentists due to its varied clinical manifestations and treatment needs. Understanding and evaluating different treatment options can improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to analyze available evidence on treatment options for restoring MIH-affected young permanent teeth. Methods: This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, covering publications from 2014 to 2024. The search focused on therapies for young permanent teeth with MIH in children, employing predefined keywords and the Population, Concept, and Context framework. Results: A total of 20 studies were included from Turkiye, Brazil, Syria, Germany, Egypt, and India. Thirteen articles examined first molars, five focused on incisors, and two covered both. The population studied ranged from 6 to 18 years old, involving up to 281 children and between 30 to 326 teeth. The study provides insights into various management and treatment approaches for MIH-affected teeth, along with the effectiveness and long-term stability of different methods and materials. Conclusion: Materials such as resin infiltration, SDF, HVGI, full metal crowns, SSC, lithium disilicate, zirconia crowns, and CAD/CAM ceramic restorations offer greater longevity and require less retreatment in managing MIH-affected teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study This study aims to identify new concepts regarding young permanent teeth sealants used for caries prevention. Materials and methods Literature was searched for articles and written papers, using MeSH terms like: “young permanent teeth”, “sealants”. Results Dental sealing seems to be an effective solution in caries prevention, both in primary and young permanent teeth. Regarding the materials used as a sealant, literature shows three main categories: resin-based sealants, glass ionomer-based sealants and resin-modified glass ionomer sealants. Numerous studies have compared the efficacy of these types of sealants, concerning the stability of the material, retention rates and mechanical properties. Conclusions Dental sealing has proven to have a great efficacy in preventing occlusal caries and even arresting non-cavitary occlusal carious lesions in young permanent molars, regardless of the material used. Further clinical studies should be conducted, as current guidelines cannot clearly indicate a solution of choice regarding one material or other.

The present report describes two pulpotomies performed in a child patient, in the first permanent lower molars with open apex, without the presence of periapical lesions. Pulpotomy consists of removing the coronary pulp and maintaining the vital root pulp, with the insertion of a biocompatible capping material. This procedure is indicated for patients with young permanent teeth, as it is a minimally invasive treatment, allowing continued root formation, and allowing greater longevity of the element. Bioceramic repair cements have been the material of choice in conservative pulpal treatments, due to their excellent biological and physical-chemical properties, providing extremely strong results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have emerged as a promising treatment option for young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, offering the potential for tissue repair and preservation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 30 patients aged 8 to 16 years with pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth. The patients underwent REPs, including disinfection, triple antibiotic paste application, and a coronal barrier. Clinical and radiographic data were collected at baseline and follow-up appointments at 6, 12, and 24 months. Radiographs were analyzed for root lengthening, apical closure, and resolution of periapical lesions. Results: The mean increase in root length after 24 months was 3.42 mm (SD ± 1.12 mm), and 90% of cases demonstrated complete apical closure. The overall success rate, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of pathology, was 80%. Conclusion: REPs show promising outcomes in young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, promoting root development, and apical closure.

Purpose The study was directed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ozone versus chlorhexidine gel for disinfection of cavitated carious lesions in young permanent teeth. Patients and methods Forty young permanent molars out of 20 children were allocated into two groups in a randomized technique according to the material used for cavity disinfection either ozone or chlorhexidine gel. Each child had two bilateral vital cavitated class I carious lesions in young permanent first molars. Dentin samples from deep caries lesions were collected before additionally after application of either ozone or chlorhexidine gel and cultured into freshly prepared appropriate media for microbiological examination. Results There were statistically significant decrease in both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus bacterial count after application of either ozone or chlorhexidine gel in both groups. Conclusion Application of ozone or chlorhexidine gel as cavity disinfectant in deep carious lesions after incomplete dentin caries removal provide an obvious antibacterial effect reducing S. mutans and Lactobacillus counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have emerged as a promising treatment option for young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, offering the potential for tissue repair and preservation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 30 patients aged 8 to 16 years with pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth. The patients underwent REPs, including disinfection, triple antibiotic paste application, and a coronal barrier. Clinical and radiographic data were collected at baseline and follow-up appointments at 6, 12, and 24 months. Radiographs were analyzed for root lengthening, apical closure, and resolution of periapical lesions. Results: The mean increase in root length after 24 months was 3.42 mm (SD ± 1.12 mm), and 90% of cases demonstrated complete apical closure. The overall success rate, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of pathology, was 80%. Conclusion: REPs show promising outcomes in young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, promoting root development, and apical closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the duration of treatment and the number of dental radiographs taken during endodontic treatment (endo-t) of young permanent teeth (YPT). Materials and Methods: Age, gender, affected tooth number, apex status, duration of treatment and dental radiographs taken during this period were retrospectively evaluated in pediatric patients aged 6–15 years who presented to the pedodontic department for endo-t of anterior YPT. Data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H, Dunn and Pearson chi-square tests. p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant in all analyses. Results: Anterior endo-t was initiated in 471 of 9,200 pedodontic patients between the ages of 6 and 15 years who applied to our university. The reason for seeking treatment was caries (8.1%) and trauma (91.9%). It was observed that 59% of the teeth had an open apex and 45.7% had a closed apex. A total of 1893 periapical radiographs (Per-R) and 245 panoramic radiographs (Pan-R) were taken from 471 pediatric patients during the treatment period. Total number of dental radiographs was 2138 with 4.5 per patient. Number of Per-R was lower in patients whose treatment was completed in a single session (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the number of Pan-R with respect to duration of treatment (p = 0.560). Conclusions: In children, the number of Per-R significantly increased with prolonged duration of treatment encompassing multiple sessions for endo-t procedures of anterior YPT, decided based on the apex and lesion status of the affected tooth. Especially in long-term traditional apexification treatments, treatment should be carried out in children with the ALADAIP (As Low As Diagnostically Achievable being Indication-oriented and Patient-specific) principle in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Meandros Medical & Dental Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Objective A retrospective study of the success rate of direct pulp capping (DPC) and indirect pulp capping (IPC) was carried out in children between 6–14 years‐old, considering separately primary caries or caries affecting teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Material and methods Data were collected in a dental public health service. Following the inclusion criteria, 232 treatments were analyzed. Success was defined by the presence of a functional tooth without clinical signs or symptoms of pulpal or periapical disease. The success rate was correlated to patient gender, the affected tooth and the indication of therapy using the chi‐squared and Fisher exact test. The success time related to treatment type was evaluated through the Mann–Whitney test. Results The IPC and DPC success rate was 99.4%, and 84.6%, respectively (p = .01). Success was significantly lower when caries affected teeth with MIH than when caries affected teeth without MIH (p = .01). The mean survival for DPC and IPC was 14.07 ± 1.30 and 15.98 ± 0.80 months, respectively (p = .07). Conclusions When caries were located in teeth that were not affected by MIH, IPC was significantly more successful than DPC, but did not differ significantly when caries were placed in teeth with MIH. Key points Minimally invasive therapy is a successful approach for decayed young permanent teeth. The success of IPC was greater than the success of DPC wen caries was placed in teeth not affected by MIH. In teeth not affected by MIH the success of DPC or IPC did not differ significantly.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the duration of treatment and the number of dental radiographs taken during endodontic treatment (endo-t) of young permanent teeth (YPT). Materials and Methods: Age, gender, affected tooth number, apex status, duration of treatment and dental radiographs taken during this period were retrospectively evaluated in pediatric patients aged 6–15 years who presented to the pedodontic department for endo-t of anterior YPT. Data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H, Dunn and Pearson chi-square tests. p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant in all analyses. Results: Anterior endo-t was initiated in 471 of 9,200 pedodontic patients between the ages of 6 and 15 years who applied to our university. The reason for seeking treatment was caries (8.1%) and trauma (91.9%). It was observed that 59% of the teeth had an open apex and 45.7% had a closed apex. A total of 1893 periapical radiographs (Per-R) and 245 panoramic radiographs (Pan-R) were taken from 471 pediatric patients during the treatment period. Total number of dental radiographs was 2138 with 4.5 per patient. Number of Per-R was lower in patients whose treatment was completed in a single session (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the number of Pan-R with respect to duration of treatment (p = 0.560). Conclusions: In children, the number of Per-R significantly increased with prolonged duration of treatment encompassing multiple sessions for endo-t procedures of anterior YPT, decided based on the apex and lesion status of the affected tooth. Especially in long-term traditional apexification treatments, treatment should be carried out in children with the ALADAIP (As Low As Diagnostically Achievable being Indication-oriented and Patient-specific) principle in mind.

Objective: A retrospective study of the success rate of direct pulp capping (DPC) and indirect pulp capping (IPC) was carried out in children between 6–14 years‐old, considering separately primary caries or caries affecting teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Material and methods: Data were collected in a dental public health service. Following the inclusion criteria, 232 treatments were analyzed. Success was defined by the presence of a functional tooth without clinical signs or symptoms of pulpal or periapical disease. The success rate was correlated to patient gender, the affected tooth and the indication of therapy using the chi‐squared and Fisher exact test. The success time related to treatment type was evaluated through the Mann–Whitney test. Results: The IPC and DPC success rate was 99.4%, and 84.6%, respectively (p =.01). Success was significantly lower when caries affected teeth with MIH than when caries affected teeth without MIH (p =.01). The mean survival for DPC and IPC was 14.07 ± 1.30 and 15.98 ± 0.80 months, respectively (p =.07). Conclusions: When caries were located in teeth that were not affected by MIH, IPC was significantly more successful than DPC, but did not differ significantly when caries were placed in teeth with MIH. Key points: Minimally invasive therapy is a successful approach for decayed young permanent teeth.The success of IPC was greater than the success of DPC wen caries was placed in teeth not affected by MIH.In teeth not affected by MIH the success of DPC or IPC did not differ significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of access cavity designs on the fracture resistance and root canal filling efficacy of simulated young permanent molars. Methodology: A total of seventy human unerupted impacted mandibular third molar teeth were collected. Ten were allocated as control; the remaining were designated as experimental, which were divided into three groups (20 each) based on access cavity design. All the samples were exposed to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner before the access cavity preparation. Group I-The control group. Group IIa-traditional endodontic cavity (TEC), Group IIb-conservative endodontic cavity (CEC), Group IIc-ninja endodontic cavity (NEC). Endodontic access cavities were prepared and exposed to CBCT. Pre- and post-treatment percentage volumes of lost pericervical dentin were evaluated. Then the root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide and subjected to CBCT imaging for the evaluation of root canal filling efficacy. Evaluation of fracture resistance was carried out using a universal testing machine. Results: On observation, the volume of lost pericervical dentin was (14.8%) in TEC, (8.3%) in CEC and (6.8%) in NEC. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between all the groups on root canal filling efficacy and the number of voids. Fracture resistance of the NEC and control group (P > 0.05) was greater compared to CEC and TEC. Conclusion: NEC is the accepted method that had better fracture resistance, with a minimum number of voids in the coronal and middle third of the root and had adequate apical seal compared to conservative and TECs.

Management of immature non-vital teeth poses challenge for the clinician owing to the thin root canal walls and open apices which may show apical divergence. Apexification is the technique of inducing the apical closure with a root end filling material for non-vital immature young permanent teeth. Traditionally, Calcium hydroxide was the material of choice for apexification of immature permanent teeth but introduction of MTA has shown remarkable promise as an alternative to calcium hydroxide. This report presents a case of apexification of anterior two young permanent teeth with open apices using MTA and Gutta percha followed by esthetic build up using cast metal posts and full coverage restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Direct pulp capping in young permanent teeth consists of the application of a biocompatible material to the pulp exposed for mechanical or traumatic reasons, to preserve its vitality and complete its apicogenesis. Objective. To carry out a bibliographic review of the most commonly used materials for its realization and their effect on the pulp tissue. Conclusion. The restorative potential of the dentin-pulp complex and the success rate of the veneering treatment is influenced by the correct selection of the ideal material, capable of stimulating the formation of restorative dentin, maintaining pulp vitality, bactericidal or bacteriostatic, adhere to restorative material, sterile, radiopaque and providing a good seal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this case report is to present three different patients who had horizontal and vertical root fractures of young permanent teeth, its diagnosis, clinical and radiographic findings, treatment, and long-term follow-up and success rate., Background: Root fractures are relatively rare with the prevalence of 0.5-7% in permanent and 2-4% in deciduous dentition. Timely intervention and accurate treatment procedures are the main concerns for long-term success of root fractures., Case Description: Case I and case II had horizontal fracture of immature permanent tooth. Patients reported with a chief complaint of pain in their upper central incisors. As a result of radiographic examination, horizontal root fractures were diagnosed. Teeth were treated with a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plug (case I and case II) and repositioning and splinting (case II). Case III had vertical root fracture of immature permanent tooth. Tooth was treated with apexification (sectional obturation) and sealed with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) till the fracture site and flowable light cure restoration. Patients were scheduled for follow-up visits at different time intervals. Radiographic evidence indicated ongoing root development in these immature teeth. Normal color and mobility were observed, and no pain was noted during horizontal and vertical percussion tests., Conclusion: The present case report shows a favorable and stable outcome of timely treatment and sound healing of various types of root fracture. Long-term follow-up of patients with trauma is essential because pathological changes can occur several years following injury., Clinical Significance: The latest treatment modalities and long-term follow-up showed clinical success., How to Cite This Article: Dhindsa A, Garg S, Poddar P, et al. Management of Root Fractures in Young Immature Permanent Teeth: Three Case Reports. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(3):352-356., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None Patient consent statement: The author(s) have obtained written informed consent from the patient's parents/legal guardians for publication of the case report details and related images.Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Enamel microabrasion is a noninvasive method that removes intrinsic and superficial defects from teeth aimed to improve dental esthetic with minimal loss of dental tissue. This case presentation describes the attempt for teeth color correction utilizing that conservative technique in a young girl whose maxillary anterior teeth presented an opaque white/brown stain. Along with microabrasion, an innovative approach of application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème on the tooth, and remineralization was carried out thereby reducing postoperative sensitivity of the treated tooth. Based on the results of this case report, it can be concluded that this technique is efficient and can be considered a minimally invasive procedure.

The aim was to investigate the relationship between time to hemostasis and pulpotomy outcomes with the use of iRoot BP Plus (Innovative Bioceramics, Vancouver, Canada) for young permanent teeth of patients aged from 7 to 12 with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and evaluate the outcomes of pulpotomy. The present study was a prospective cohort study. Two hundred and six young permanent teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis underwent pulpotomy with the use of iRoot BP Plus. All patients underwent pulpotomy in accordance with a standardized protocol. Patients were postoperatively re-called after 3, 6, 12 months. Successful cases were defined according to clinical and radiographic evaluations. Main outcome measures included tooth position, cave shape, previous restoration, preoperative symptoms, time to hemostasis and outcomes. On the basis of univariate linear regression model, the relationships between time to hemostasis was evaluated, and p < 0.05 indicated a difference that achieved statistical significance. One hundred and ninety-three teeth can be evaluated after a follow-up for 6 to 36 months. The mean age of subjects was 9.43 ± 1.51 years. The overall clinical and radiographic success rate of pulpotomy reached 71.5% (138/193). After adjusting potential confounders (age, sex, previous restoration), non-linear relationship was detected between time to hemostasis and pulpotomy outcomes whose point was 4 minutes. The relationship between time to hemostasis and pulpotomy outcomes is non-linear. Pulpotomy outcomes was negatively related with time to hemostasis when time to hemostasis is more than 4 minutes., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©2023 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.)

Introduction This prospective study evaluated the outcome of Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France) pulpotomy in young permanent teeth with carious exposure. Methods Twenty permanent molar teeth in 14 patients with carious pulp exposure were treated with Biodentine pulpotomy. The age of the patients ranged from 9–17 years (12.3 ± 2.7 years). A preoperative pulpal and periapical diagnosis was established. After informed consent, the tooth was anesthetized, isolated via a dental dam, and disinfected with 5% sodium hypochlorite before caries excavation. Full pulpotomy was performed by amputating the exposed pulp to the level of the canal orifices, hemostasis was achieved via a cotton pellet moistened with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, a 3-mm layer of Biodentine was placed as the pulpotomy agent, a Vitrebond liner (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN) was applied, and the tooth was subsequently restored. Postoperative periapical radiographs were taken after placement of the permanent restoration. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was completed after 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Pain levels were scored preoperatively and 2 days after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test. Results Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of irreversible pulpitis were established in all teeth and symptomatic apical periodontitis in 14 of 20 (70%). Two days after treatment, all patients reported complete relief of pain. All teeth were clinically successful at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Radiographically, immature roots showed continued root development; dentin bridge formation was detected in 5 of 20 teeth. Seven of 7 teeth with preoperative periapical rarefaction showed signs of healing; 1 tooth had signs of internal root resorption at 1 year with an overall success rate of 95% (19/20). Conclusions Young permanent teeth with carious exposure can be treated successfully with full pulpotomy using Biodentine, and clinical signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis are not a contraindication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Traumatic injuries and decays are the biggest challenges to the integrity of a young permanent tooth .The aim of this study was to compare the biostimulating and repairing action of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and of the mineral aggregate with ceramic nanoparticles (BioAgreggate) with calcium hydroxide action, in terms of clinical-radiological parameters, after vital pulp therapy in young permanent teeth affected by dental caries or traumatic injury. Material and methods The study was conducted on a sample of 36 teeth from 31 patients of both sexes, aged between 7 and 15 years (mean 9.3 ± 1.9 years), divided into three groups, and took place for a period of up to 4 years. Results The results concerning the effectiveness of the three materials used were evaluated in terms of clinical and radiological manifestations. These were significantly correlated (Ȥ2 = 35.3, r = 0.705, p = 0.003, 95% CI), the study demonstrating an important differences between the three groups of teeth. Final evaluation showed a significant association (Ȥ2 = 18.69, r = 0.725, p = 0.001, 95% CI) between the material used and the final results. Conclusions Following clinical aseptic procedures, after removing bacterial contamination, applying a bio-stimulative dressing and an hermetic crown sealing, there are high chances (about 95%) that the pulp of a young permanent tooth, even seeming irreversibly inflamed, to return to the original status and continue to exercise its functions with longterm preservation of vitality.

Objectives To determine the pulp vitality after traumatic injury, dentists often use pulp sensitivity tests, which can be ambiguous in young permanent teeth with incomplete root formation. Transmitted-light plethysmography (TLP) is a non-invasive objective method that uses a 525-nm LED to detect blood volume change in the pulp. The present study aimed (1) to investigate pulpal blood flow with TLP and optical characteristics in healthy permanent maxillary incisors in different root formation stages, and (2) to assess the influences of body growth of the children and tooth color on the TLP amplitude. Design Seventy-eight fully erupted maxillary central incisors were divided into four groups, according to the root formation stages. Group 1: root with wide-open apex, Group 2: root completed in length with open apex, Group 3: root with half-closed apex, Group 4: root with complete formation. The TLP amplitude, optical density, electric pulp testing, and cervical tooth color measurements of each group were compared using a one-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni method. The correlation between the weights/heights of children and TLP amplitudes was analyzed using Pearson coefficient. Results The TLP amplitude was significantly higher in Group 3 than in the other groups. The amplitude was correlated with the weights/heights of children, but not with the tooth color. Optical density and electric sensitivity increased with tooth maturation. Conclusion The amplitude of TLP and optical density may be affected by growth and development in children and indicate changes in the vascular dynamics of the pulp and hard tissue maturation during root formation stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enamel microabrasion is a noninvasive method that removes intrinsic and superficial defects from teeth aimed to improve dental esthetic with minimal loss of dental tissue. This case presentation describes the attempt for teeth color correction utilizing that conservative technique in a young girl whose maxillary anterior teeth presented an opaque white/brown stain. Along with microabrasion, an innovative approach of application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème on the tooth, and remineralization was carried out thereby reducing postoperative sensitivity of the treated tooth. Based on the results of this case report, it can be concluded that this technique is efficient and can be considered a minimally invasive procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective · To observe the effects of custom made fiber posts on the fracture resistance of young permanent teeth treated with calcium hydroxide for different time. Methods · Forty-five extracted human young permanent teeth (premolar) were selected and randomly assigned to 9 groups. One group was the control group and the rest 8 groups were treated with conventional root canal preparation. Of these 8 groups, 4 groups (FI, FIII, FIV, FIX) were restored by custom made fiber posts after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1, 3, 6, and 9 months respectively, and other 4 groups (CI, CIII, CIV, CIX) were not restored by custom made fiber posts. All samples underwent fracture strength tests and their fracture modes were analyzed for the possibility of second repair. Results · The fracture load was decreased with the treatment time after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1 month (P<0.01). The fracture loads in groups restored by custom made fiber posts were increased after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 6 and 9 months (P<0.05, P<0.01). After being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1 month, groups restored by custom made fiber posts were likely to have fracture modes that facilitate the second repair as compared with groups not restored by custom made fiber posts (P<0.05). Conclusion · The restoration by custom made fiber posts can increase the fracture resistance of young permanent teeth treated with calcium hydroxide for medium and long term ( ≥ 1 month). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The completion of root development and closure of the apex occurs up to 3 years after the eruption of the tooth. The treatment of pulpal injury during this period provides a significant challenge for the clinician. The importance of careful case assessment and accurate pulpal diagnosis in the treatment of immature teeth with pulpal injury cannot be overemphasized. The treatment of choice for necrotic teeth is apexification, which is induction of apical closure to produce more favorable conditions for conventional root canal filling. The most commonly advocated medicament is calcium hydroxide, although recently considerable interest has been expressed in the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). We report a case series wherein calcium hydroxide and MTA were used successfully for one step apexification in teeth with open apex.

The completion of root development and closure of the apex occurs up to 3 years after the eruption of the tooth. The treatment of pulpal injury during this period provides a significant challenge for the clinician. The importance of careful case assessment and accurate pulpal diagnosis in the treatment of immature teeth with pulpal injury cannot be overemphasized. The treatment of choice for necrotic teeth is apexification, which is induction of apical closure to produce more favorable conditions for conventional root canal filling. The most commonly advocated medicament is calcium hydroxide, although recently considerable interest has been expressed in the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). We report a case series wherein calcium hydroxide and MTA were used successfully for one step apexification in teeth with open apex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of the present study is to investigate the prognosis and influencing factors of crownfractured young permanent teeth with pulp exposure. Methods Case records of crown-fractured young permanent teeth with pulp exposure in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology during 1991 to 2008 with more than 2 years follow-up were collected. These patients were treated with pulpotomy at the first visit at our hospital no matter whether these teeth were treated or untreated with direct pulp capping. The age of patients, interval between trauma and treatment, root development, mobility and tenderness to percussion were recorded. The prognosis was analyzed and Logistic: regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results Totally 118 cases satisfied the inclusion criteria, including 136 crown-fractured teeth with pulp exposure. The patients of (8.8+1.2) years old were periodically monitored for (46.1±22.0) months. The success rate of pulpotomy after pulp exposure was 85.3%. Pulp necrosis occurred in 20 teeth (25.0±19.0) months after trauma. The extent of tenderness to percussion showed significant correlation with pulp necrosis, while the age of the patients, interval between injury and treatment, and mobility of the teeth were not related to pulp necrosis. Conclusion The success rate of pulpotomy after pulp exposure is good. Tenderness to percussion is an important signal of pulp necrosis. There are no evidence about the relationship between the patient's age, interval between injury and treatment, mobility of the pulp-exposed teeth and the pulp prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of new caries detecting dye Caries Check Blue (CCB) with Caries Check (CC) and Caries Detector (CD) using a laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent).Method: Primary and permanent teeth with dentin caries were stained with polypropylene glycol (MW=300) based new caries detecting dyes CCB, CC, or propylene glycol (MW=76) based CD. In the CCB and CC groups, stained dentin was completely removed. In the CD groups, pink-stained dentin was retained according to the manufacturers' instructions. Cavities before and after caries removal were measured with the DIAGNOdent. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD multiple comparison test at alpha=0.05. Regression analyses were performed between DIAGNOdent readings and scores obtained from the clinical parameters.Results: The DIAGNOdent readings after caries removal were: primary-CCB (13.2+/-10.4), primary-CC (14.3+/-16.7), primary-CD (9.0+/-5.2), permanent-CCB (22.7+/-13.4), permanent-CC (10.6+/-6.8) and permanent-CD (9.7+/-9.0). Significant differences were identified between the permanent-CCB and all other groups. Correlation coefficients between DIAGNOdent readings and clinical parameters were low.Conclusions: When dentin stained with Caries Check Blue or Caries Check was completely removed, the DIAGNOdent readings were higher than those recorded when palely-stained pink dentin was retained with the Caries Detector, with significant difference observed for the permanent-CCB group. Caries Check Blue may be used clinically to avoid excessive removal of caries-affected or sound dentin in permanent teeth but not in primary teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To compare the young permanent teeth enamel demineralization after immersion in different kinds of soft drinks; to compare the degree of enamel demineralization caused by the different immersion time and frequency of beverages. METHODS: The change of young permanent teeth enamel surface microhardness was measured by a leitzs microhardness tester. The change of calcium and phosphate in the different drinks after immersion of the enamel was analyzed by Roche Biochemical analyzer. Two-way ANOVA in SPSS 15.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS : The dissolution of calcium and phosphate in young permanent teeth enamel was caused by all kinds of soft drinks the surface microhardness of enamel was decreased by these drinks. There were great significant differences in the demineralization abilities among different beverages (P<0.05).The enamel demineralization was increased when prolonging the immersion time and frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The enamel demineralization can be caused by orange juice and carbonic acid drinks. The enamel remineralization can be increased by tea drink, which is an ideal healthy beverage. Supported by Excellent Middle-aged Science Foundation of School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Grant No.040407). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of a new caries detecting dye using a laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent). Method: Primary and permanent teeth with dentin caries were stained with Caries Check (CC), containing 1% acid red in polypropylene glycol (MW=300) or Caries Detector (CD), containing 1% acid red in propylene glycol (MW=76). Primary-CC, primary-CD, permanent-CC and permanent-CD groups were prepared. In the CC groups, stained dentin was completely removed. In the CD groups, pink-stained dentin was retained according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Cavities before and after caries removal were measured with the DIAGNOdent. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher''s PLSD multiple comparison test at α =0.05. Regression analyses were performed between DIAGNOdent readings and scores obtained from the clinical parameters. Results: For all groups, there were no significant differences in the DIAGNOdent readings before treatment. The DIAGNOdent readings after caries removal were: primary-CC (16.0±17.6), primary-CD (9.6±5.2), permanent-CC (11.0±7.0) and permanent-CD (7.1±3.8). Significant differences were identified between the permanent-CC and primary-CD, and permanent-CC and permanent-CD subgroups but not for the primary subgroups. Correlation coefficients between DIAGNOdent readings and clinical parameters were low. Conclusions: When dentin stained with Caries Check was completely removed, the DIAGNOdent readings were higher than those recorded when palely-stained pink dentin was retained with the Caries Detector, with significant difference observed for the permanent teeth. Caries Check may be used clinically to avoid excessive removal of caries-affected or sound dentin in permanent teeth but not in primary teeth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Fluorosis staining is commonly considered an esthetic problem because of the psychological impact of unesthetic maxillary anterior teeth. Numerous treatment approaches have been proposed, ranging from bleaching to enamel reduction to restorative techniques. Bleaching of hypomineralized enamel lesions, using 5% sodium hypochlorite, has been useful clinically. The technique described, in this case, appears to have advantages over other methods for improving the appearance of fluorotic lesions. It is simple, low cost, noninvasive, so the enamel keeps its structure, relatively rapid, and safe; it requires no special materials, and it can be used with safety on young permanent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of root canal obturation therapy using cold flowable gutta-percha on young permanent teeth after apexification., Methods: Ninety cases of young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis or periapical periodontitis treated by apexification were randomly divided into two groups. The cases in each group were divided into single root canal and multiple root canal according to the number of the root canal, and divided into classifications Ⅰ, and Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ according to Frank's classification of root development after apexification. Cold flowable gutta-percha and warm gutta-percha obturation techniques were used for root canal obturation of the two groups. The operation time was recorded, and the patients' therapy pain degree was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after operation. Periapical X-ray was performed after operation to evaluate the effect of the root canal filling. The total length of the root was divided into equal three parts on the X-ray film, and three-dimensional tightness of the apical, middle, and coronal region of the root canals were statistically analyzed respectively. Clinical examinations and X-ray examination were performed 6 and 12 months after the operation to evaluate the treatment success rate., Results: The operation time of cold flowable gutta-percha group was significantly lower than that of the control group, which were 51 s and 74 s ( P < 0.05); The percentages of pain and discomfort in the two groups were 26.67% and 40.00%, respectively. There were two cases of underfilling and no overfilling in both groups. The percentages of proper filling and tight three-dimensional obturation in the experimental and control groups were 71.11% and 60.00% respectively; and the percentages of tight three-dimensional obturation in the apical third areas were 86.67% and 66.67%, the difference was significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the three-dimensional tightness between the two groups in the middle and coronal third areas. The percentages of tight three-dimensional obturation in classification Ⅰ groups were 86.67%, 83.33%, 93.33% and 76.67%, 90.00%, 96.67% in experimental and control group, respectively; The percentages of classification Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ groups were 86.67%, 86.67%, 100.00% and 46.67%, 86.67%, 100.00%, respectively, and the difference was significant ( P < 0.05). There were no apical lesions that occurred in either group during the one-year review period., Conclusion: The application of cold flowable gutta-percha on young permanent teeth root canal obturation after apexification can achieve good obturation effect. The root obturation effect in the apical third area is significantly better than that of warm gutta-percha obturation techniques. Cold flowable gutta-percha can shorten the clinical treatment time and ameliorate the patients' therapy comfort.