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Ovaj rad istražuje politiku upravljanja poljoprivrednim zemljištem i razvoj krških područja u Hrvatskoj, predstavljajući složene i međusobno povezane teme od iznimne važnosti za očuvanje biološke raznolikosti, održivu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju i poboljšanje životnih uvjeta lokalnog stanovništva. Pregledava dinamiku ruralnog razvoja u EU, s naglask om na politike koje utječu na poljoprivredu, koheziju, te integraciju urbanog i ruralnog prostora, te posebno naglašava značaj EU Agende 2000, nove financijske arhitekture Europskog poljoprivrednog fonda za ruralni razvoj (EPFRR) i utjecaj Strategije Europ a 2020 na ruralna područja. U radu se posebno analizira upravljanje poljoprivrednim zemljištem u Hrvatskoj, s fokusom na zemljište u državnom vlasništvu. Razmatra se i ruralna konkurentnost Hrvatske nakon pristupanja EU. Analizirani su aspekti upravljanja krškim područjima, uključujući trenutne nedostatke i potencijal za poboljšanje. Pritom se oslanja na integrirani pristup koji uključuje zaštitu okoliša, očuvanje kulturne baštine, promicanje održivih poljoprivrednih praksi, te podršku lokalnim zajednicama. Rad obuhvaća komparativnu studiju politika upravljanja zemljištem (LRM) u odabranim zemljama, uključujući Latviju, Litvu, Estoniju, Austriju i Švedsku. Pritom se razmatra kako te politike mogu utjecati na obrasce korištenja zemljišta u Hrvatskoj. Za bolje razumijevanje stavova i praksi vezanih za upravljanje poljoprivrednim zemljištem i razvoj krških područja u Hrvatskoj, provedeno je empirijsko istraživanje kroz fokus grupu. Na temelju ove opsežne analize, rad donosi zaključke i preporuke za buduće a kcije i istraživanja, s naglaskom na integrirani pristup uključujući lokalno stanovništvo, poljoprivrednike, stručnjake, te lokalne i nacionalne vlasti u zajedničkim naporima za održivim razvojem krških područja. This paper investigates the policy of agricultural land management and the development of karst areas in Croatia, presenting complex and interconnected topics of utmost importance for the preservation of biological diversity, sustainable agricultural production and improvement of the living conditions of the local population. It reviews the dynamics of rural development in the EU, with an emphasis on policies affecting agriculture, cohesion, and the integration of urban and rural space, and especially emphasizes the importance of the EU Agenda 2000, the new financial architecture of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EPFRR) and the impact of the Europe 2020 Strategy to rural areas. The paper specifically analyzes the management of agricultural land in Croatia, with a focus on state-owned land. The rural competitiveness of Croatia after EU accession is also considered. Aspects of karst area management are analyzed, including current shortcomings and potential for improvement. In doing so, it relies on an integrated approach that includes environmental protection, preservation of cultural heritage, promotion of sustainable agricultural practices, and support to local communities. The paper comprises a comparative study of land management (LRM) policies in selected countries, including Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Austria and Sweden. It considers how these policies can affect land use patterns in Croatia. For a better understanding of attitudes and practices related to the management of agricultural land and the development of karst areas in Croatia, empirical research was conducted through a focus group. Based on this comprehensive analysis, the paper draws conclusions and recommendations for future actions and research, with an emphasis on an integrated approach involving local residents, farmers, experts, and local and national authorities in joint efforts for the sustainable development of karst areas.

U posljednje je vrijeme pojava mikroplastičnih čestica pod sve većim povećalom javnosti. Mikroplastika se nikada neće u potpunosti razgraditi, a negativno utječe na okoliš, ljudsko zdravlje te zdravlje drugih živih bića. Naime probavni sustav organizma ne može probaviti mikroplastiku što predstavlja rizik za ekosustav. Mikroplastika na sebe može vezati kemikalije iz okoliša, kao i bakterije i mikrobe koji potom mogu stvoriti biofilm. Upravo bi se zbog toga problem mikroplastike trebao ozbiljno shvatiti jer dođe li mikroplastika do ljudskog organizma ondje može otpustiti toksične spojeve kao i mikrobe koji su u njoj vezani, oštećujući time i ljudsko zdravlje. Kako bi se mikroplastika uklonila postoji nekoliko rješenja od kojih je u ovom radu predstavljena ekstrakcija mikroplastike ferofluidima. Ferofluidi predstavljaju vrlo snažnu magnetizirajuću tekućinu sastavljenu od tekućeg medija koji sadrži čvrste magnetske čestice vrlo male veličine, koloidno raspršene u tekućini nosača. Uklanjanje mikroplastike ferofluidima vrlo je efikasno jer se čak i najmanje čestice mikroplastike mogu vezati na ferofluid te se potom pomoću magneta mogu odstraniti. U ovom je radu korišten ferofluid na bazi sintetskog ulja te šest otopina mikroplastičnih čestica (polistirena (PS) i polivinil klorida (PVC)) u rasponu veličine od nešto manje od 300 μm do 500 μm. Dokazano je da je tehnika uklanjanja mikroplastike ferofluidom učinkovita i brza. Čestice polistirena imale su općenito bolju učinkovitost uklanjanja od čestica polivil klorida. Također je ustvrđeno da se veće čestice od 355-500 μm bolje ekstrahiraju od manjih čestica manje od 300 μm. Recently, the appearance of microplastic particles has come under increasing public scrutiny. Microplastics cannot be completely decomposed, and they have a negative impact on the environment, human health, and the health of other living beings. Namely, the digestive system of the organism cannot digest microplastics, which represents a health risk for the ecosystem. Microplastics can bind chemicals from the environment, as well as bacteria and microbes that then create a biofilm. It is precisely for this reason that the problem of microplastics should be taken seriously, because if microplastics reach the human body, they can release toxic compounds as well as the microbes bound in it, damaging human health. In order to remove microplastics, there are several solutions, of which the extraction of microplastics with ferrofluids is presented in this paper. Ferrofluids represent a very strong magnetizing liquid composed of a liquid medium, containing solid magnetic particles of very small size, colloidally dispersed in a liquid carrier. The removal of microplastics with ferrofluids is very effective because even the smallest particles of microplastics can bind to the ferrofluid and be removed using a magnet. In this work, ferrofluid based on synthetic oil and six solutions of microplastic particles (polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) in the size range from slightly less than 300 μm to 500 μm were used. The microplastic removal technique with ferrofluid has been proven to be effective and fast. Polystyrene particles had generally better removal efficiency than polyvinyl chloride particles. It was also found that larger particles of 355-500 μm are easier to extracted than smaller particles of less than 300 μm.

Criminal legislation on environmental protection has undergone a natural evolution of development, with continuous qualitative changes in order to provide the most advanced approach to protection of the environment. The criminal legal framework for environmental protection in Kosovo has been exposed to these constant changes, which is reflected in all applicable laws in this field since 1977. This paper aims to highlight the manner of such development, respectively to describe the characteristics that have distinguished the legal framework for environmental protection, from the Criminal Law of 1977 to the currently applicable Criminal Code of Kosovo. The paper also sets out to cover the similarities and differences that these laws, namely criminal codes, have had over the years. In this study we used the qualitative method of legal analysis and comparison, and a review of relevant literature. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the criminal legal framework regarding environmental protection has been continuously developed and undergone significant qualitative changes over the years. Initially, the criminal law rules for environmental protection in Kosovo appeared with the Criminal Law of 1977, but due to political circumstances, these rules remained unchanged and without any impact on the objective reality. During the time of international administration, and the issuance of the Provisional Criminal Code of Kosovo, some types and elements of these criminal offenses were inherited from the environment sector, but in general, the criminal legal framework has changed radically, taking as its reference the international standards and legal solutions provided by states with legislation developed in this field. Following Kosovo’s declaration of independence, and even with the adoption of two criminal codes, the chapter on criminal offenses against the environment has been preserved and has not undergone any significant changes other than full recognition of the responsibility of legal entities for all criminal offenses., Kazneno zakonodavstvo za zaštitu okoliša prošlo je svoju prirodnu evoluciju kontinuiranim kvalitativnim izmjenama koje su vodile oblikovanju što naprednijeg pristupa zaštiti okoliša. Kazneno-pravni okvir za zaštitu životne sredine na Kosovu bio je izložen stalnim promjenama, što je vidljivo iz relevantnih zakona iz ovog područja od 1977. godine do danas. Cilj je ovog rada opisati taj razvoj, odnosno opisati sličnosti i razlike pravnih okvira i relevantnih kaznenih zakona za zaštitu okoliša, od Kaznenog zakona iz 1977. godine do Kaznenog zakona Kosova koji je trenutno na snazi. Korištena je kvalitativna metoda komparativne pravne analize kao i analiza postojeće literature. Na temelju rezultata može se zaključiti da se kazneno-pravni okvir u ovom području kontinuirano razvijao, prolazeći značajne kvalitativne promjene kroz godine. U početku su se kazneno-pravna pravila za zaštitu okoliša na Kosovu pojavila s Kaznenim zakonom iz 1977. godine, ali su zbog političkih okolnosti ostala nepromijenjena i bez ikakvog stvarnog utjecaja. U vrijeme međunarodne uprave, donošenjem Privremenog kaznenog zakona Kosova, neke vrste i elementi ovih kaznenih djela preuzeti su iz pravnog područja životne sredine, no kazneno pravni okvir se i radikalno promijenio, prije svega zbog preuzimanja međunarodnih standarda i zakonskih rješenja od država s razvijenim zakonodavstvom u ovom području. Nakon proglašenja neovisnosti, iako su donijeta dva kaznena zakona, poglavlje o kaznenim djelima protiv okoliša je sačuvano i nije doživjelo bitnije promjene osim potpunog priznavanja odgovornosti pravnih osoba za sva kaznena djela., Der strafrechtliche Schutz der Umwelt machte im Laufe von kontinuierten qualitativen Veränderungen eine natürliche Evolution durch, die zu einem bestmöglich progressiven Ansatz zum Umweltschutz führten. Der strafrechtliche Rahmen für den Schutz der Umwelt in Kosovo wurde ständig geändert und das ist an relevanten Gesetzen auf diesem Gebiet vom 1977 bis heute ersichtlich. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, diese Entwicklung, Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede von rechtlichen Rahmen und relevanten Strafgesetzen für den Umweltschutz zu beschreiben, vom Strafgesetz aus dem Jahr 1977 bis zum momentan geltenden Strafgesetz von Kosovo. Es wurde die qualitative Methode der komparativen Analyse angewendet und die bestehende Litaratur wurde analysiert. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse kann man schließen, dass sich der strafrechtliche Rahmen auf diesem Gebiet kontinuierlich entwickelte und im Laufe der Jahre beträchtliche qualitative Änderungen erlebte. Die ersten strafrechtlichen Regeln für den Umweltschutz erschienen im Strafgesetz vom 1977, infolge von politischen Verhältnissen blieben sie jedoch unverändert und ohne jeglichen Einfluß. In der Zeit der internationalen Verwaltung wurde ein vorläufiges Strafgesetz von Kosovo verabschiedet und einige Arten und Elemente der Straftaten aus dem Gebiet des Umweltschutzes wurden übernommen, der strafrechtliche Rahmen hat sich auch grundlegend verändert, vor allem wegen der Übernahme von internationalen Standards und gesetzlichen Lösungen der Staaten mit einer für dieses Gebiet entwickelten Gesetzgebung. Nach der Unabhängigkeitserklärung wurden zwei Strafgesetze verabschiedet, aber das Kapitel über Straftaten gegen die Umwelt blieb bestehen und wurde nicht geändert, außer dass Rechtpersonen für alle Straftaten die Verantwortung übernehmen.

Od izuma automobila automobilska industrija generator je brojnih tehnoloških unaprjeđenja koja se, uslijed nužnog praćenja smjernica za zaštitu okoliša i ograničenih energetskih resursa, sve više okreću električnoj energiji. U tom smislu električni automobili predstavljaju važan segment promatranog tržišta, a s vremenom se očekuje i potpuno usmjeravanje proizvodnih aktera prema ovoj vrsti vozila. Slijedom navedenog, u radu se istražuju značajke automobilskog tržišta s posebnim naglaskom na tržište električnih automobila. Rezultati istraživanja za razdoblje od 2010. do 2020. temeljeni na podacima sa stranica Companies market cap te Statista pokazuju da vrijednost cijene dionica poduzeća na promatranom tržištu nije u svakoj promatranoj godini povezana s brojem prodanih automobila, što je analizirano Pearsonovim koeficijentom korelacije. No, promatranjem Herfindahl-Hirschmanovog indeksa te koncentracijskog omjera (CR4) izračunatih na temelju podataka sa stranice Knoema evidentno je da tržišna utakmica prisiljava najznačajnije sudionike na tržištu automobila s unutarnjim izgaranjem na brzo restrukturiranje i fokusiranje na električne automobile kako ne bi izgubili postojeći tržišni udio. Naposljetku, regresijskom analizom provedenom na podacima prikupljenim sa stanice International Energy Agency dokazuje se da je cijena baterije po kilovat satu jedan od važnih čimbenika u razvoju industrije električnih automobila, dok deskriptivna analiza pruža detaljan uvid u dodatne varijable koje determiniraju razinu prodaje električnih automobila., Ever since the automobile has been invented, the automotive industry has been the generator of numerous technological improvements which, due to obligatory environmental protection legislation and limited energy resources, are more and more focused on to use of electric power. In this sense, electric cars represent an important segment of the observed market, and over time, it is expected that all producers will focus on this type of vehicle. Following the above, the paper investigates the characteristics of the automotive market with special emphasis on the electric car market. The results of the research based on analysis of Pearson correlation coefficient calculated by using data collected from Companies market cap and Statista show that the value of the companies’ stock price in the observed market in the period from 2010 to 2020 is not correlated with each observed year with the number of sold cars. However, by using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and concentration ratio (CR4) calculated by using data collected from Knoema, it is confirmed that competition forces the most important participants in the internal combustion car market to rapidly restructure and focus on electric cars in order not to lose the existing market share. Finally, regression analysis of data collected from the International Energy Agency proved that the price of a battery per kilowatt-hour is one of the important factors in the development of the electric car industry, while additional descriptive analysis provides detailed insight into different variables determining the level of sales of electric vehicles.

Dear colleagues, we are extremely honoured to present to you the Proceedings of the international conference 19th Ružička Days, which was successfully held on September 21–23, 2022, in Vukovar, Croatia, in the hometown town of our famous Croatian scientist and first Nobel laureate, professor Leopold (Lavoslav) Ružička. The main goals of the Conference were to promote excellence, originality and innovation of interdisciplinary scientific research as well as the practical application of the obtained results through collaboration with industry, emphasizing thus the recognizable slogan of the Ružička Days conference: "Today Science – Tomorrow Industry". In addition, the Conference gave the opportunity for meetings, exchanging the ideas, opinions, experiences and cooperation among participants from different working surroundings. It is also important to point out that since 2008, within the international conference Ružička Days, Meeting of Young Chemists has also been held, where high school students, with the help of their mentors, present papers in the field of chemistry, with the aim to direct students and young people to the technical and natural sciences, especially chemistry. In its seventh issue (2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021) the Proceedings publishes scientific and professional full papers of high quality in the following sections: Chemical analysis and synthesis (10), Chemical and biochemical engineering (3), Food technology and biotechnology (4), Chemistry in agriculture and forestry (1), Environmental protection (9) and 8th Meeting of Young Chemists (3). Full-length papers were subjected to an international review procedure done by eminent experts from the corresponding fields, to whom we express our gratitude, but they were not subjected to linguistic proofreading. On behalf of the Scientific and Organizing Committee of the 19th Ružička Days we cordially thank all the authors, reviewers, participants, lecturers, organizers, especially the international organizers EuCheMS and EHEDG, auspices and sponsors, and all the others who, in any way, supported the Conference and contributed to the preparation of the Proceedings, especially to our highly skilled and committed associates, who have put a lot of effort in the preparation of these Proceedings. At the very end, special thanks to our young, future scientists and their mentors who are faithful participants of the Meeting of Young Chemists of the Ružička Days conference. Enjoy the extremely interesting scientific and professional papers contained in these Proceedings, until the next 20th jubilee of Ružička Days in 2024! We are looking forward to meeting you again in Vukovar! Yours sincerely, Chief Editors Jurislav Babić Vesna Ocelić Bulatović Dajana Kučić Grgić

Dear colleagues, we are extremely honoured to present to you the Proceedings of the international conference 19th Ružička Days, which was successfully held on September 21–23, 2022, in Vukovar, Croatia, in the hometown town of our famous Croatian scientist and first Nobel laureate, professor Leopold (Lavoslav) Ružička. The main goals of the Conference were to promote excellence, originality and innovation of interdisciplinary scientific research as well as the practical application of the obtained results through collaboration with industry, emphasizing thus the recognizable slogan of the Ružička Days conference: "Today Science – Tomorrow Industry". In addition, the Conference gave the opportunity for meetings, exchanging the ideas, opinions, experiences and cooperation among participants from different working surroundings. It is also important to point out that since 2008, within the international conference Ružička Days, Meeting of Young Chemists has also been held, where high school students, with the help of their mentors, present papers in the field of chemistry, with the aim to direct students and young people to the technical and natural sciences, especially chemistry. In its seventh issue (2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021) the Proceedings publishes scientific and professional full papers of high quality in the following sections: Chemical analysis and synthesis (10), Chemical and biochemical engineering (3), Food technology and biotechnology (4), Chemistry in agriculture and forestry (1), Environmental protection (9) and 8th Meeting of Young Chemists (3). Full-length papers were subjected to an international review procedure done by eminent experts from the corresponding fields, to whom we express our gratitude, but they were not subjected to linguistic proofreading. On behalf of the Scientific and Organizing Committee of the 19th Ružička Days we cordially thank all the authors, reviewers, participants, lecturers, organizers, especially the international organizers EuCheMS and EHEDG, auspices and sponsors, and all the others who, in any way, supported the Conference and contributed to the preparation of the Proceedings, especially to our highly skilled and committed associates, who have put a lot of effort in the preparation of these Proceedings. At the very end, special thanks to our young, future scientists and their mentors who are faithful participants of the Meeting of Young Chemists of the Ružička Days conference. Enjoy the extremely interesting scientific and professional papers contained in these Proceedings, until the next 20th jubilee of Ružička Days in 2024! We are looking forward to meeting you again in Vukovar! Yours sincerely, Chief Editors Jurislav Babić Vesna Ocelić Bulatović Dajana Kučić Grgić

Neprofitne organizacije za zaštitu u posljednjih nekoliko godina stječu sve veću popularnost na domaćem ali i svjetskom tržištu zbog brige o održivosti. Marketing takvih organizacija ključan je za njihov uspješan rad i razvoj. Ovim se radom daje direktna usporedba između marketinga jedne globalne organizacije - World Wild Fund for Nature, te dvije hrvatske udruge - Zelena Akcija i Udruga Sunce. Usporedbom tih organizacija utvrđuju se pozitivne i negativne prakse u marketingu, te se pokušava dati osvrt na ključne razlike između marketinga svjetskih i nacionalnih organizacija. In the last few years, non-profit organizations for environmental protection have been gaining more and more popularity on the domestic and global market due to concerns about sustainability. Marketing of such organizations is crucial for their successful operation and development. This paper provides a direct comparison between the marketing of one global organization - World Wild Fund for Nature, and two Croatian associations - Zelena Akcija and Udruga Sunce. By comparing these organizations, positive and negative practices in marketing are determined, and an attempt is made to review the key differences between the marketing of global and national organizations.

Svrha ovog rada je analiza ekološki održivog načina poslovanja u IT tvrtkama u Osijeku. Istraživanje u ovome radu vođeno je važnim temeljnim dokumentima, strategijama Republike Hrvatske koje pokrivaju temu zaštite okoliša općenito, te propisuju potrebne mjere. Cilj je bio analizirati ekološku osviještenost IT sektora u Osijeku, doprinos energetskoj učinkovitosti, smanjenju negativnog utjecaja na okoliš i smanjenju nepotrebnih troškova u poslovanju. U radu se konkretno govori o temama, konceptu kao što je zeleni IT (Green IT), zatim o električnom i elektroničkom otpadu koji je u sve većem porastu zbog napretka tehnologije. U svrhu tehnološkog aspekta rada govori se o internetu stvari, te računarstvu u oblaku. Tehnologije poput interneta stvari i računarstva u oblaku mogu pridonijeti zaštiti okoliša, ali zapravo su dio digitalne tranzicije. Navedenim tehnologijama istaknute su prednosti, ali i nedostaci poput sigurnosti i privatnosti podataka. U teorijskom dijelu, osim prethodno navedenih poglavlja sažeto je opisano nekoliko Strategija, odnosno izdvojeni su dijelovi iz odabranih strateških dokumenata koji su u sinergiji s navedenim tematskim cjelinama. U drugom dijelu rada prikazano je istraživanje u kojemu je sudjelovalo pet osječkih IT tvrtki. Ciljana skupina ispitanika bili su direktori/ce IT tvrtki. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u obliku individualnog strukturiranog intervjua, kao jedne od metoda prikupljanja podataka. Ono je podijeljeno u tri glavne tematske cjeline koje su spomenute u teorijskom dijelu. Naposljetku su prikazani i obrađeni rezultati istraživanja analizom odgovora svih ispitanika. Nakon toga, u raspravi se usporedila analiza rezultata istraživanja sa zadanim istraživačkim pitanjima i strateškim dokumentima Republike Hrvatske, kako bi se u konačnici mogao izvesti zaključak cijeloga rada.

U ovom diplomskom radu obraditi će se tema električni automobili i okoliš, odnosno detaljnije će se obraditi povijesni razvoj električnih automobila, njihova konstrukcija, klasifikacije, energetska učinkovitost, doseg, prednosti i nedostatci njihove primjene, sustav regenerativnog kočenja, tehnologija i infrastruktura potrebna za njihovo punjenje, njihov učinak i doprinos zaštiti okoliša te statistika njihove primjene u Republici Hrvatskoj. Električni automobili u automobilskoj industriji predstavljaju inovativno rješenje koje je rezultat potrebe za ekonomičnošću i očuvanjem okoliša korištenjem obnovljivih izvora energije. Električni automobili imaju mnoge prednosti u odnosu na klasične, odnosno nemaju emisije stakleničkih plinova, smanjuju ovisnost o fosilnim gorivima, doprinose smanjenju razine buke, imaju veću energetsku učinkovitost motora itd. Bez obzira na njihove prednosti javljaju se i određeni nedostatci u njihovoj primjeni, te je za njihov za daljnji razvoj, ali i globalnu primjenu čemu se i teži potrebno riješiti nekoliko značajnih prepreka od koji je najveća ograničen kapacitet baterija i nedostatna infrastruktura e-punionica. Stoga, konstantan napredak na području unaprjeđenja i razvoja baterija te energetske učinkovitosti zasigurno će dovesti električne automobile u fazu svakodnevne uporabe, a samo je pitanje vremena kada će se to ostvariti. U radu se također nalazi SWOT analiza primjene električnih automobila, odnosno definirane su njihove snage i prilike koje je potrebno maksimizirati te slabosti i prijetnje koje je potrebno minimizirati, a sve to kako bi se vidjelo dali su električni automobili primjenjivi za svakodnevnu uporabu te kakva će njihova primjena biti u budućnosti.

U suradnji s Vodovod i kanalizacija d.o.o. Karlovac istraživana je kakvoća vode rijeke Kupe na ispustu uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda (UPOV) grada Karlovca i Duga Rese. Uspješnost UPOV-a u uklanjanju dušika (N) iz otpadne vode izračunata je iz podataka o koncentraciji N tijekom 2021. godine ustupljenih od strane Vodovoda i kanalizacije d.o.o. Karlovac. Provedene su analize odabranih pokazatelja kemijske kakvoće vode (pH, E.C., NO3- i NH4+) u uzorcima prikupljenim u razdoblju od 24. 04. 2022. do 28. 05. 2022. godine iz rijeke Kupe, i to s četiri lokacije odabrane s obzirom na udaljenost od ispusta pročišćivača: 100 m uzvodno, na ispustu, 1 m nizvodno i 100 m nizvodno od ispusta pročišćivača. UPOV prosječno uklanjanja 80,73 % ukupnog N iz otpadne vode. Praćeni pokazatelji kakvoće vode bili su unutar graničnih vrijednosti prema Pravilniku o graničnim vrijednostima emisija otpadnih voda (NN 26/2020) te je zaključeno da se ne očekuje značajan utjecaj na ekološko stanje rijeke Kupe. In cooperation with Waterworks and Sewerage Ltd. Karlovac, water quality of the Kupa River was studied at the outlet of Wastewater Treatment Plant (UPOV) of the City of Karlovac and Duga Resa. Wastewater Treatment Plant efficiency in removing total nitrogen (N) from wastewater was calculated for the year of 2021 from data provided by Waterworks and Sewerage Ltd. Karlovac. Selected water quality indicators (pH, E.C., NO3- and NH4+) were measured from April 24th untill April 28th, 2022, in Kupa River water samples taken from four locations varying in distance from Wastewater Treatment Plant outlet, i.e., 100 m upstream, at the outlet, 1 m and 100 m downstream from the outlet. The Wastewater Treatment Plant removes on an average of 80,73 % of total N from wastewater. Measured water quality indicators were within the limit values according to the Regulation on limit values for wastewater emissions (NN 26/20). No significant impact on ecological status of the Kupa River is expected.

Gledajući kroz povijest napredak tehnologije i znanosti promijenio je način ljudskih života. Iako je njime unaprijeđena kvaliteta čovjekova života, isti je rezultirao mnogim problemima u prirodi. Uvidom u već nastale posljedice uzrokovane uništavanjem prirode, dolazi do porasta interesa za zaštitu okoliša i održivi razvoj. Kako bi se obje stavke ostvarile, potrebno je razvijati ekološku svijest koja se smatra preduvjetom za rješavanje prisutnih ekoloških problema. Nezanemarivu ulogu u razvoju ekološki osviještenosti imaju ekološki odgoj i obrazovanje koji se u RH provode tijekom predškolskog, osnovnoškolskog i srednjoškolskog obrazovanja. Uz spomenuto, postoje programi koji se mogu implementirati u školstvo, a stavljaju poseban naglasak na važnost provedbe odgoja i obrazovanja za okoliš. Primjer takvog programa međunarodni program Ekoškola koji za cilj ima implementaciju odgoja i obrazovanja za okoliš u sve dijelove odgojno-obrazovnog sustava te u svakodnevni život svih sudionika. Kako je razvoj ekološke svijesti nužna komponenta u ekološkom djelovanju, ovaj rad za cilj ima ispitati ekološku osviještenost učenika 8.razreda ekoškola. Istraživanjem u ovom radu pokušavamo dobiti uvid u znanja, stavove i navike o okolišu koje učenici ekoškola imaju i prakticiraju. Istraživanje se provelo postupkom online anketiranja, a uzorak je sastojao 124 učenika i učenica 8. razreda škola na području Grada Zagreba, pri čemu je nužno bilo da škola ima aktivan status ekoškole. Analiza rezultata istraživanja je pokazala da učenici ekoškola većinom pokazuju visku razinu znanja, pozitivnih stavova i proekološkog ponašanja, no i na to da ima mjesta za napredak u svim područjima. Looking throughout history, the improvement of technology and science has changed the way people live. Although it improved the quality of human life, it resulted in many problems in nature. With an insight into the already created consequences caused by the destruction of nature, there is an increase in interest in environmental protection and sustainable development. In order to achieve both, it is necessary to develop environmental awareness, which is considered a prerequisite for solving the present environmental problems. Ecological upbringing and education, which are in the Republic of Croatia, implemented during preschool, elementary and high school education, play a significant role in the development of environmental awareness. In addition to the above, there are programs that can be implemented in schools, which place special emphasis on the importance of environmental education. An example of such a program is the international Eco-school program, which aims to implement environmental education in all parts of the educational system and in the daily life of all participants. As the development of ecological awareness is a neccesity in ecological action, the aim of this paper is to examine the ecological awareness of 8th-grade eco-school students. Through this research in this paper, we try to get an insight into the knowledge, attitudes and habits about the environment that students of eco-schools have and practice. The research was conducted using an online survey, and the sample consisted of 124 male and female students of the 8th grade of schools in the area of the City of Zagreb, where it was necessary that the school had an active eco-school status. The analysis of the research results showed that the students of eco-schools mostly show a high level of knowledge, positive attitudes and pro-environmental behavior, but also that there is room for improvement in all areas.

Cilj ovog rada je razviti modele za procjenu koncentracije lebdećih čestica u zraku pomoću metoda umjetne inteligencije. U radu su primijenjene metoda nasumičnih šuma i metoda neuronskih mreža koristeći programski jezik Python i pripadajuće knjižnice. Mjerni podaci korišteni u ovom radu odnose se na austrijski grad Graz čiji su meteorološki podaci mjereni na pet postaja u gradu: Sjever, Istok, Zapad, Jug i Don Bosco. Uz meteorološke podatke na postajama je mjerena i koncentracija lebdećih čestica u zraku. Uz lokalne meteorološke podatke korišteni su i satelitski podaci preuzeti sa stranice Climate Data Store. Koristeći lokalne i satelitske podatke razvijeni su modeli za svih pet postaja te je ispitivano koji podaci će pridonijeti boljoj kvaliteti modela. Rezultati su pokazali da su modeli razvijeni sa lokalnim meteorološkim podacima nešto točniji u usporedbi s modelima razvijenih sa satelitskim meteorološkim podacima. U ovom radu se ispitivalo i kako podaci za promet mjereni na šesnaest prometnica u gradu utječu na koncentraciju lebdećih čestica. Uvođenjem prometa kao dodatne ulazne varijable za razvoj modela postignuto je poboljšanje kvalitete modela posebno na skupu s lokalnim podacima. U konačnici su se svi dostupni podaci spojili u dva skupa, pri čemu su prvi skup činili lokalni i satelitski meteorološki podaci, a drugi skup su činili lokalni i satelitski meteorološki podaci kojima je pridodan i promet. Kod algoritma nasumičnih šuma skup sa svim podacima, tj. skup sa lokalnim i satelitskim meteorološkim podacima i prometom se pokazao najboljim, dok je kod algoritma neuronskih mreža taj skup bio nešto lošiji od skupa s lokalnim meteorološkim podacima i prometom. Razvijeni modeli pokazali su zadovoljavajuću točnost te se u budućnosti mogu primijeniti za predviđanje koncentracije lebdećih čestica na novim skupovima podataka. The goal of this study is the application of artificial intelligence methods to develop models for estimating the concentration of particle matter in the air. Random forest regression and neural networks models were developed using the Python programming language and its libraries. Meteorological data used in this study is related to the Austrian city of Graz measured at five stations, namely: North, East, West, South and Don Bosco. In addition to meteorological data, the concentration of particle matter in the air is also measured at the stations. Additionally, satellite data from the Climate Data store is also used. Using these data, models were developed for all the stations and it was observed which data would contribute more to the final quality of the model. It has been proven that models with locally acquired meteorological data are better than models with satellite meteorological data. Furthermore, traffic data obtained by measuring traffic on sixteen roads in the city is also used in this study. Traffic data has been added to the set with local and satellite meteorological data. It has been proven that traffic as an additional variable improved the quality of the model’s assessments. This increase was more pronounced in the set with local data. In the end, all the above data is combined into two sets, where the first set consisted of local and satellite meteorological data, and the second set consisted of local and satellite meteorological data to which traffic was also added. With the random forest algorithm, the model developed using the set with all the data, i.e. the local and satellite meteorological with traffic, turned out to be the best. However, with the neural network algorithm, the model using all data show slightly worse results in comparison with neural network model developed on set with local meteorological data and traffic. The developed models showed satisfactory accuracy and can be applied to estimating the concentration of particle matter in the air using the new data set.

U Hrvatskoj kompanije sve više prihvaćaju koncept DOP-a kao modernu praksu poslovanja. Društvena odgovornost odnosi se na predanost poduzeća da usmjerava svoju poslovnu strategiju, odluke i aktivnosti za poboljšanje gospodarskog, prirodnog i društvenog okruženja u kojoj se nalazi i posluje. Poduzeća moraju biti ne samo profitabilna, već i pozitivno utjecati na okoliš i radnu sredinu u kojoj posluju. Nakon izvršenog istraživanja o društveno odgovornom poslovanju na primjeru PSC Dalmacije koja posluje na području grada Splita potvrđuje se da poduzeće u svom poslovanju vodi računa o interesima vlasnika, radnika, lokalne zajednice, dobavljačima, vanjskim suradnicima i drugi dionici s kojim dolaze u doticaj, upravo na taj način pokazuju svoju predanost prema društvenoj odgovornosti poslovanja. Također je ustanovljena pozitivna poveznica između konkurentske prednosti i uspješne implementacije koncepta DOP-a tvrtke PSC Dalmacije d.o.o. u ulaganja u zajednicu, ljudskih potencijala i ekologije. In Croatia, companies are increasingly accepting the concept of CSR as a modern business practice. Social responsibility refers to the company's commitment to direct its business strategy, decisions, and activities to improve the economic, natural, and social environment in which it is located and operates. Companies must not only be profitable but also have a positive impact on the environment and the working environment in which they operate. After researching socially responsible business on the example of PSC Dalmatia, which operates in the city of Split, it is confirmed that the company takes into account the interests of owners, workers, local community, suppliers, external associates, and other stakeholders with whom they come into contact. in this way, they show their commitment to corporate social responsibility. A positive link was also established between competitive advantage and successful implementation of the CSR concept of PSC Dalmacija d.o.o. in community investment, human resources, and ecology.

Namjera ovog rada jest istražiti pravni okvir za obnovljive izvore energije u pravu Europske unije. U tom cilju, bit će prikazana i određena osnovna pitanja u europskoj politici u području obnovljive energije. Središnji dio rada predstavlja prikaz sekundarnog prava EU-a za obnovljive izvore energije, a posebna pozornost pružit će se i pitanjima njegova povijesnog razvoja, kao i novoj Direktivi (EU) 2018/2001 o promicanju uporabe energije iz obnovljivih izvora, kojom je preinačena Direktiva 2009/28/EZ. U navedenim razmatranjima uzet će se u obzir i utjecaj prava okoliša na energetsko pravo EU-a. U zadnjem dijelu rada istražuje se praksa Suda Europske unije u području obnovljivih izvora energije., The purpose of this paper is to explore the legal framework for renewable energy in EU law. To this end, some key issues in European renewable energy policy will be outlined. The central part of the paper presents an overview of EU secondary law for renewable energy sources, with particular attention to its historical development issues, as well as the new Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, which revised the Directive 2009/28/EC. These considerations will also take into account the impact of environmental law on EU energy law. The last part of the paper examines the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU in the field of renewable energy.

Razvoj tehnologije, znanosti i gospodarstva značajno je unaprijedio kvalitetu života ljudi. No, to je za posljedicu imalo i povećanje jaza između čovjeka i prirode čiji se odnos sve češće karakterizira kao neracionalan. Antropološki čimbenik krivac je koji stoji iza klimatskih promjena i njihovih učinaka na zdravlje ljudi i okoliš. Sada kada je društvo na globalnoj razini počelo osjećati posljedice šteta koje su nanesene okolišu, došlo je do porasta zanimanja za zaštitu i očuvanje okoliša. Ekološka je svijest preduvjet za suočavanje i rješavanje ekoloških problema. Ona se sastoji od tri komponente: znanja, stavova i ponašanja. Sve tri komponente međusobno su isprepletene i utječu jedna na drugu. Ključnu ulogu u podizanju razine ekološke osviještenosti djece i mladih imaju upravo odgoj i obrazovanje. Orijentiranost i prožetost cjelokupnog rada škole ekološkim pitanjima potiče razvoj ekološke svijesti kod njezinih učenika. Upravo zato ovaj rad ima za cilj ispitati ekološku osviještenost učenika srednjih zagrebačkih škola, odnosno dobiti uvid u njihova znanja, stavove i navike glede zaštite i očuvanja okoliša. U istraživanju je primijenjena metoda online anketiranja, a uzorak ispitanika sastojao se od 529 učenika i učenica srednjih škola u Gradu Zagrebu. Analiza rezultata istraživanja pokazala je da učenici iskazuju proekološke stavove, no ima prostora za napredak kada je riječ o upoznatosti ispitanika s određenim pojmovima u području ekologije i zaštite okoliša. Također, nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u prakticiranju ekološki osviještenih navika ispitanika prema spolu i dobi, odnosno razredu. The development of technology, science and the economy has significantly improved the quality of people's lives. However, this has also resulted in an increase in the gap between man and nature, whose relationship is increasingly characterized as irrational. The anthropological factor is the culprit behind climate change and its effects on human health and the environment. Now that the society has begun to feel the consequences of the damage done to the environment on a global scale, there has been an increase in the interest in protecting and preserving the environment. Environmental awareness is a prerequisite for facing and solving environmental problems. It consists of three components: knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. All three components are intertwined and affect each other. Education plays a key role in raising the level of environmental awareness of children and young people. The orientation and permeation of the entire work of the school with environmental issues encourages the development of environmental awareness among its students. That is why this paper aims to examine the environmental awareness of high school students in Zagreb, and gain insight into their knowledge, attitudes and habits regarding the protection and preservation of the environment. The online survey method was used in the research, and the sample of respondents consisted of 529 high-school students in the City of Zagreb. The analysis of the research results showed that students express pro-environmental attitudes, but there is room for improvement when it comes to familiarizing respondents with certain concepts in the field of ecology and environmental protection. Also, no statistically significant difference was found in the practice of environmentally conscious habits of respondents according to gender and age, i.e. class.