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Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess health behaviours and analyse selected risk factors for disease among patients diagnosed with chronic lower limb ischaemia. Material and methods: The study included 100 patients with chronic lower limb ischaemia according to the Fontaine classification in stages IIb to IV. The study used the diagnostic survey method using Juczynski's Health Behaviour Inventory and a proprietary survey questionnaire, as well as analysis of medical records. Results: In the study, 54% of the subjects had low levels of health behaviours. A statistical analysis revealed a correlation between health behaviours and certain risk factors such as the number of cigarettes smoked (p = 0.0357), hypertension (p = 0.0398), hypercholesterolaemia (p = 0.0446), age (p = 0.0015), and gender (p = 0.0021). The study group had the main risk factors for chronic ischaemic disease of the lower limbs, which include gender, age, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking, lipid metabolism disorders, overweight and obesity, and history of atherosclerotic diseases. According to Fontaine's classification, diagnosed degree III ischaemia prevailed among the subjects (44%), slightly fewer subjects (33%) had degree IV, while the fewest subjects (23%) were diagnosed with degree IIb ischaemia. Conclusions: Health behaviours of patients with chronic lower limb ischaemia were at a low level overall; the lowest in the categories of health practices and proper eating habits. A burden of risk factors for chronic lower limb ischaemia was detected in the study group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Cardiovascular diseases rank first on the list of causes of death, both in Poland and in the world. The aim of the study was to check whether the education in the field of pro-health behaviors, with particular emphasis on physical activity, conducted among patients with heart failure has a positive effect on changing their lifestyle. Material and methods. The study involved 78 (100%) patients hospitalized due to heart failure decompensation (NYHA III-IV), who underwent education in the field of pro-health behaviors. It used original questionnaires to conduct the study, consisting of questions of comparable content regarding the discussed topic and the general characteristics of the respondents. Results. Almost 60% of the surveyed patients claimed that their pro-health behaviors had improved. Smoking was declared by about 1/3 of the respondents (25; 32.05%) at the stage of decompensation, and only about 9% (7; 8.97%) in the long-term follow-up (Chi2=12.738; p=0.0004). Sadly, after education almost 3/4 of patients (58; 74.36%) did not perform physical exercises. Conclusions. Even though, education of patients with heart failure was associated with increased implementation of pro-health behaviors, there is still a need for systematic education of patients in terms of the benefits of changing their lifestyle to a healthy lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The evidence has showed that increasing physical activity is a particularly important element not only in prevention but also in the treatment of obesity. This study aimed to examine whether the use of accelerometers for monitoring physical activity is a sufficient motivator to adhere the recommended level of physical activity. Material and methods. The prospective study involved 44 obese children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 who were registered with the Pediatric Nephrology Department at the Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. Participants had to wear a device for at least 12 hours per day for 56 consecutive days. Anthropometric measurements were made at the beginning of the study and after eight weeks of physical activity monitoring. Results. The presented study results far exceeded the recommended amount of the average physical activity energy expenditure of young patients in the first two weeks. In the following weeks, the amount of daily energy expenditure gradually diminished, but finally, the average BMI Z-score was reduced from 2.80±0.64 at baseline to 2.48±0.27 at the end of the study (p<0.0147). Conclusions. The study demonstrates that tracking of physical activity may be an essential factor to improve compliance with physical activity recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To determine the impact of health behaviours on the quality of life of patients in the surgical ward in the perioperative period. Material and methods: The study involved 300 adult patients (200 people with intestinal diseases and 100 people as a control group) hospitalized in a surgical ward. The study consisted of completing a self-reported questionnaire, the health behaviour inventory, and the WHOQOL-BREF qualityof-life questionnaire. Results: In terms of gender, women showed more positive health behaviours (p < 0.0001). As regards education, higher rates of health-promoting behaviours were presented by people with secondary and higher education than those with vocational and primary education (p < 0.0001). The highest intensity of health behaviours in relation to 4 individual categories was presented by people from the inflammatory bowel disease group. In assessing the quality of life of each of the domains, the results obtained by the respondents were at a similar level. The highest scores were obtained by respondents in each group (CHZJ - 28.860, RJG - 29.250, GK - 29.320) in the environmental domain, and the lowest scores (CHZJ - 10.560, RJG - 10.630, GK - 10.130) in the social domain. Conclusions: The level of health behaviours depends on gender and level of education. Women are characterized by a higher average level of health behaviours. The higher the education, the higher the indicators of health-promoting behaviours. High positive health behaviours are positively correlated with the sense of quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Sports Medicine / Medycyna Sportowa is the property of Agencja Wydawnicza Medsportpress Sp. z o. o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Health behaviours are all kinds of health behaviours that lead to certain positive or negative health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the health behaviour and nutritional status of patients treated in hospital wards. Material and methods: The study included 102 patients: 51 hospitalized in the department of neurosurgery and 51 in the department of gastroenterology. A diagnostic survey method was used, including the IZZ questionnaire, the NRS 2002 scale, the BMI scale, and a questionnaire of our own authorship. The obtained results were statistically verified by assuming a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: In each of the study groups, the majority were women - 54.9% in the gastroenterology department and 56.9% in the neurosurgery department. The overall score for the BMI scale differed highly significantly depending on the ward in which the respondents were present (p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test); in the neurosurgery ward, the scores of this scale were higher. BMI scale scores were higher for respondents from the neurosurgery department; the mean score was 27 points, and the maximum value was 50.8 points. In the gastroenterology department, the values were, respectively, 24 points and 37.2 points. These results were statistically highly significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Patients of the neurosurgery department rated their health behaviour at a high level, while those of the gastroenterology department rated it at an average level. Patients of the neurosurgery department were better nourished than those hospitalized in the gastroenterology department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zywnosc is the property of Polish Society of Food Technologists - Scientific Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The acceleration of the aging rate of the population, the associated risk of frailty syndrome and the increase in the number of people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mean that future health policy should focus on activities in the field of health promotion, enhancing health behavior, and maintaining or improving the functional fitness of aging people. Aim of the research: To analyze the coexistence of frailty syndrome and the severity of health behaviors in elderly patients with COPD as well as established factors determining the severity of health behaviors. Material and methods: A hundred COPD patients (mean age: 72.82 ±8.31 years) hospitalized in the Independent Public Healthcare Center in Kępno, Poland were examined. The COPD Assessment Test (CAT), mMRC Dyspnea Severity Scale, Tilburg Frailty Index (TFI), and Health Behavior Inventory were used. Results: Ninety-two percent had frailty syndrome. The mean value of the TFI index was 9.31 ±2.97. A group of 53% had high intensity, 35% had average intensity, and 11% had low intensity of health behaviors. The strongest positive predictors of health behaviors were the presence of two or more chronic diseases in addition to COPD itself (ßstd = 0.42; p < 0.001) and higher results obtained on the CAT scale (ßstd = 0.38; p < 0.001). The severity of most health behaviors decreased with the duration of COPD, while the severity of health practices increased with age. Conclusions: Health promotion and health education activities should be aimed at those COPD patients who have been ill for a long period of time as well as at younger patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Theology & Morality / Teologia I Moralmosc is the property of Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza (IH UAM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Logopedia Silesiana is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction Health behaviours represent one of the lifestyle components, as activities acquired and developed in the course of upbringing and health education. In view of the increasing number of diseases, ageing of the population, as well as both civilizational and epidemiological threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, health behaviours constitute a significant and relevant issue for clinicians. Health behaviours should be addressed in terms of social and professional roles, therefore, secondary school students entering adulthood should demonstrate a deliberate, rational and responsible attitude towards shaping health behaviours. Aim The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the health behaviour of secondary school graduating students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods The study included 111 secondary school graduating students, attending one of the general secondary schools, aged 17-18 years. The study was conducted between September and October 2021, using a diagnostic survey method based on the author's survey questionnaire, which contained 15 questions, as well as the Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI) questionnaire, which consisted of 25 questions. Results Self-assessment regarding health behaviour was predominantly good (56.8%). The greatest number of respondents obtained information associated with health behaviour from the Internet (32%). The majority of secondary school students (71.8%) presented an interest in COVID-19 related issues, 45% reported a good level of knowledge on the topic, and 31.5% stated that their anxiety level was low. Furthermore, secondary school leavers most frequently were not aware of whether they had undergone SARS-CoV-2 infection (43.2%). Nevertheless, the vast majority declared having been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (75.7%). The results also demonstrated that according to the secondary school graduating students, their health behaviour was inadequate during the pandemic (55.86%). The secondary school graduates reported that the pandemic did not alter their health behaviours (73.0%). In terms of "proper eating habits", gender of the respondents affected their level of the health behaviour during the pandemic. Additionally, no significant impact of the place of residence, anxiety level related to COVID-19, presence of chronic diseases or vaccination against COVID-19 was found. Conclusion According to the secondary school graduating students surveyed, their level of health behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic was inadequate, although prior to the pandemic period the respondents evaluated it as good. No difference was observed in the health behaviours of secondary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to the pre-pandemic period. In the conducted study, the level of self-assessment and the health behaviour evaluation were inconsistent. Furthermore, the results indicated that gender of the respondents affected the level of their health behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Sports Medicine / Medycyna Sportowa is the property of Agencja Wydawnicza Medsportpress Sp. z o. o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of State & Society / Państwo i Społeczeństwo is the property of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, AFM Publishing Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease affecting all areas of life. It requires not only pharmacological treatment, but more importantly lifestyle changes, weight reduction, and dietary modifications. Improperly treated, it causes numerous complications that can lead to disability and even death. Material and methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effect health behaviors have on metabolic compensation in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study consisted of 116 patients. The inclusion criteria included type 2 diabetics between the ages of 40 and 65 who were diagnosed by a diabetologist for a minimum of one year. The KomPAN questionnaire, PSS 10 scales, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and analysis of medical records were used to evaluate these effects. Of the 116 patients, 104 (54 women and 50 men) met the inclusion criteria and were used in data analysis. Results. No patient in our study met all the criteria for metabolic compensation of type 2 diabetes. Postprandial glucose concentrations were the best-compensated parameter. Whereas, LDL concentrations were the least compensated parameter. In individuals with fewer unhealthy dietary practices compensated more significantly for their diabetes. Seventy-eight percent of women and 90% of men with BMIs consistent with stages I and II overweight or obesity had abnormal fasting glucose levels. Conclusions. The factors that significantly impact diabetes compensation are diet, stress levels, and physical activity levels. The assessment of a patient's nutritional knowledge correlates with their dietary assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the role of health behaviors in the relationship between personality traits and psychological well-being. The sample consisted of 147 participants (51% female), aged between 20 and 35 years. Respondents completed the NEO-FFI Personality Inventory, Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), and Health Behaviour Inventory (IZZ). The results confirmed the significant relationships between the personality traits, health behaviors and psychological well-being. Extraversion, conscientiousness and neuroticism were related to health behaviors. Personality traits appeared as significant predictors of psychological well-being (68% of explained variances in PWBS). The health behaviors mediated the relationship between three abovementioned personality traits and psychological well-being. A higher health behavior score was shown to reduce the strength of the effect of personality traits on psychological well-being. Findings indicate that personality traits are important in designing health programs to improve mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zywnosc is the property of Polish Society of Food Technologists - Scientific Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) is the property of International Institute of Innovation Science-Education-Development in Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Following pharmacological recommendations and leading a healthy lifestyle are imperative to improve the health and quality of life of patients with heart failure (HF). Material and methods. This cross-sectional, observational study examined 100 patients with HF who were treated in the cardiology department. The average age of the respondents was 70±14 years (mean±SD), and the majority were men (65%). The Health Behavior Inventory Questionnaire and the authors' questionnaire were used. Results. The respondents collectively reported an average level of health behaviors. There was a negative correlation between age and proper eating habits (rho=-0.248; p=0.013) and a positive mental attitude (rho=-0.270; p=0.007). Higher or secondary education was associated with increased levels of health behaviors in all categories. Patients with a shorter duration of disease (<15 years) were more likely to take pro-health measures in the categories of proper eating habits (p=0.001) and positive mental attitude (p=0.004). Patients with a higher level of knowledge about the disease demonstrated higher levels of health behaviors. Subjects who had a pacemaker/cardioverter implanted had lower positive mental attitudes (p=0.048). Conclusions. It is important to encourage health behaviors in patients with HF. These actions should be aimed primarily at elderly people, with primary and vocational education, longer disease duration (>15 years), lower knowledge of the disease, and/or an implanted cardioverter/pacemaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Dissertations / Rozpraw Społecznych is the property of Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biala Podlaska and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: According to current medical knowledge, health behaviour can cause positive or negative effects on individual health. People who care for a functionally impaired family member have a higher risk of taking negative health behaviours such as low physical activity, poor diet, or use of drugs as an inappropriate form of coping with stress. However, little is known about health behaviours parents of children with incurable diseases. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyse the health behaviours of parents caring for children with incurable diseases at home and to identify their determinants. Material and methods: The study comprised a group of 50 of parents caring for children with incurable diseases at home. The method used during the study consisted of a diagnostic poll, with the two main research tools being a self-made questionnaire and the Health Behaviour Inventory (IZZ) according to Juczyński, which evaluates health behaviour in 4 categories, i.e. proper nutrition habits, preventive behaviour, health practices, and positive mental attitude. Results: The index of health behaviours for all respondents was, on average, 60.36 with SD = 8.8, which corresponds to the level of 1-4 sten, and this is a low result. The type of health behaviours undertaken in individual categories in the study group was determine by the following: sex, place of residence, child's age, years of care, caregiver's health, level of education, amount of monthly income, and housing, financial, caring, and integration social problems. Conclusions: The level of health behaviours undertaken in the study group of parents was low. A large part of their negative health behaviour risk factor belonged to the group of modifiable factors, which means that they can be changed and their negative impact reduced by appropriate preventive actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of General Medicine & Health Sciences / Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu is the property of Witold Chodzki Institute of Rural Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Dissertations / Rozpraw Społecznych is the property of Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biala Podlaska and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Praca syntetycznie prezentuje zjawisko psychospołeczne, jakim są konwersacje typu fat talk, czyli komunikaty, w których podmiot dewaluuje własny wygląd. Powszechność tego zjawiska w cywilizacji zachodniej jest ściśle związana z charakterystyczną dla współczesnej kultury masowej nadmierną koncentracją na fizyczności. W artykule przedstawiono główne nurty teoretyczne definiujące to zjawisko oraz analizujące mechanizmy jego powstawania i podtrzymywania. Aby wytłumaczyć skłonność pewnych osób do angażowania się w konwersacje oparte na fat talk, badacze odwołują się do założeń teorii autopercepcji, teorii uprzedmiotowienia czy zjawiska pluralistycznej ignorancji. Bazując na wynikach aktualnych doniesień naukowych, wskazano ponadto czynniki predysponujące do częstszej autodewaluacji wyglądu. Wnioski z badań sugerują, iż populacją najbardziej narażoną na uczestnictwo w fat talk są dziewczęta w okresie adolescencji, niezadowolone ze swojego wyglądu mimo normatywnej masy ciała lub nawet niedowagi. Istotną rolę odgrywają również system rodzinny i używane w jego obrębie komunikaty skoncentrowane na wyglądzie czy wadze. Analiza danych literaturowych sugeruje istnienie krótkoterminowych pozytywnych konsekwencji fat talk w postaci niwelowania nieprzyjemnych stanów emocjonalnych jednostki. Niemniej obserwowane są też poważne i długoterminowe negatywne efekty, obejmujące większe ryzyko rozwoju zaburzeń odżywiania, zaburzeń depresyjnych albo dymorficznych zaburzeń ciała – nie tylko wśród osób bezpośrednio zaangażowanych w fat talk, ale także w grupie biernych odbiorców. Zjawisko fat talk stanowi zatem ważny element praktyki klinicznej i działań psychoprofilaktycznych.

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Copyright of Social Dissertations / Rozpraw Społecznych is the property of Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biala Podlaska and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Celem polityki przestrzennej jest zarówno ochrona określonych wartości przestrzeni, jak i racjonalne jej kształtowanie przez stymulowanie procesów społecznych i gospodarczych. Działania ochronne obejmują dążenie do zachowania równowagi pomiędzy elementami gospodarczymi, społecznymi czy środowiskowymi. Aby planowanie przestrzenne było skutecznym narzędziem polityki publicznej, musi ono obejmować wszystkie aspekty życia społeczno-gospodarczego. W nurcie społecznym jednymi z najistotniejszych są decyzje w zakresie kształtowania zdrowia poprzez zmniejszanie różnic w dostępie do usług zdrowotnych i edukacyjnych w regionach, w tym do edukacji zdrowotnej. Edukacja ta może się przyczynić do kształtowania prawidłowych postaw zdrowotnych oraz eliminować zróżnicowania w tym zakresie między młodzieżą mieszkającą w miastach a mieszkającą na wsiach. Dla określenia przestrzennych (miasto–wieś) zróżnicowań w kształtowaniu postaw zdrowotnych zrealizowano badanie terenowe pełnoletniej młodzieży różnego typu szkół ponadpodstawowych, tzn. szkół zawodowych, techników i szkół ogólnokształcących w województwie mazowieckim. W świetle badania założona teza o istnieniu zróżnicowań w zachowaniach zdrowotnych między młodzieżą mieszkającą w miastach a mieszkającą na wsiach nie została potwierdzona, natomiast różnice pojawiły się w zachowaniach zdrowotnych uczniów różnych typów szkół. Okazało się, że badana młodzież z województwa mazowieckiego ucząca się w szkołach zawodowych słabiej niż młodzież uczęszczająca do liceów ogólnokształcących i techników rozpoznaje sytuacje grożące zdrowiu w postaci czy to gorszego sposobu odżywiania, np. spożywania mniej warzyw, czy częstotliwości kontaktów z substancjami psychoaktywnymi. Ogólnym wnioskiem z badań jest to, że najistotniejsze wydaje się promowanie i kształtowanie wiedzy na temat zdrowia poprzez edukację stylu życia, szczególnie młodzieży uczęszczającej do szkół zawodowych, jako tych potrzebujących najsilniejszego wsparcia merytorycznego i infrastrukturalnego.

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Charzyńska-Gula Marianna, Gębka Magdalena, Kachaniuk Hanna, Szymczak Agnieszka, Zięba-Kołodziej Beata. Zdrowie własnej rodziny w świetle opinii włoskich i polskich uczniów = The opinions of Italian and Polish students on their families' health. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(8):54-66. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59744 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3727 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.07.2016. Revised 25.07.2016. Accepted: 28.07.2016. Zdrowie własnej rodziny w świetle opinii włoskich i polskich uczniów The opinions of Italian and Polish students on their families' health Marianna Charzyńska-Gula 1, Magdalena Gębka 2, Hanna Kachaniuk 3, Agnieszka Szymczak 2, Beata Zięba-Kołodziej 1 1 Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa im. prof. Stanisława Tarnowskiego w Tarnobrzegu/Professor Stanisław Tarnowski State Higher Vocational School in Tarnobrzeg 2 Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie/ Independent Public Teaching Hospital No. 4 in Lublin 3 Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie/Department of Oncology and Community Health Care, Medical University of Lublin Streszczenie Rodzina jest dla dziecka miejscem „tworzenia się zdrowia” w największym stopniu zaspokajającym jego psychospołeczne potrzeby i dającym początek najwcześniejszym przyzwyczajeniom i nawykom wypełniającym później pro- lub anty-zdrowotny styl życia. Celem badań było poznanie opinii na temat zdrowia własnej rodziny wyrażanych przez włoskich i polskich uczniów i ustalenie, na ile wybrane cechy społeczno-demograficzne oraz zachowania zdrowotne członków tych rodzin wiążą się ze stosunkiem uczniów do zadania, jakim jest dbałość o zdrowie przez całe życie. Badano 175 uczniów (90 z Polski i 85 z Włoch (średnia wieku 16,95 lat). Zastosowano sondaż diagnostyczny z autorskim kwestionariuszem ankiety. Badania prowadzono w Polsce i Włoszech w okresie od marca 2014 do marca 2015 roku. Wyniki wskazują na brak związku między wybranymi cechami rodzin a świadomością zdrowotną uczniów. Włoscy rodzice, mimo, że są lepiej wykształceni od polskich częściej palą tytoń, a ich dzieci wyraźnie częściej niż ich rówieśnicy z Polski nie widzą potrzeby dbania o zdrowie przez całe życie. Polscy rodzice mimo słabszego wykształcenia, rzadziej są osobami palącymi tytoń i ich dzieci znacząco częściej, niż włoscy rówieśnicy mają właściwy stosunek do dbałości o zdrowie. Uzyskane dane wskazują na różną w obu społecznościach aktywność szkół w działaniach profilaktycznych, która mogła wypełniać luki rodzinnej edukacji na rzecz zdrowia. Słowa kluczowe: zdrowie rodziny, zachowania zdrowotne, uczeń. Abstract For children family is a source of health; it meets their psychosocial needs and shapes their earliest habits, which later can turn into a healthy or unhealthy lifestyle. The objectives of the study was to identify the opinions of Italian and Polish students on their families' health and to determine the extent to which selected socio-demographic characteristics and health behaviour of the analysed families are related to the students' attitude towards the duty of caring for their health throughout their lives. The surveyed group included 175 students (90 from Poland and 85 from Italy (average age: 16.95 years). The diagnostic survey method was applied, with the use of a self-designed questionnaire. The surveys were carried out in Poland and Italy from March 2014 to March 2015. The results point to the lack of correlation between the selected characteristics of the analysed families and the students' health awareness. Italian parents, despite their higher education in comparison to Polish parents, more often smoke tobacco and are more frequently unable to assess their body weight. Their children substantially more often than their peers from Poland do not consider it necessary to care for their health throughout their lives. Polish parents, in spite of having lower education, less frequently smoke tobacco. Their children significantly more often than their Italian peers have an appropriate attitude to caring for their health. The obtained data show differences observed in both communities in the activity of schools in terms of prophylactic measures, which could fill the gaps in family health education. Key words: family's health, health behaviour, student.

Bojakowska Urszula, Kalinowski Paweł, Kowalska Marta Estera. Ocena wybranych zachowań zdrowotnych przez i po zdiagnozowaniu choroby wśród kobiet z nowotworem piersi w oparciu o Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych Juczyńskiego – badanie wstępne = Evaluation of selected health behaviors before and after the diagnosis among women with breast cancer based on the Health-Related Behaviour Inventory (HBI) questionnaire developed by Juczyński - preliminary study. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(5):29-37. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50958 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3507 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.04.2016. Revised 25.04.2016. Accepted: 04.05.2016. Ocena wybranych zachowań zdrowotnych przez i po zdiagnozowaniu choroby wśród kobiet z nowotworem piersi w oparciu o Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych Juczyńskiego – badanie wstępne Evaluation of selected health behaviors before and after the diagnosis among women with breast cancer based on the Health-Related Behaviour Inventory (HBI) questionnaire developed by Juczyński - preliminary study Urszula Bojakowska1,2, Paweł Kalinowski1, Marta Estera Kowalska1 1. Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2. SKN przy Samodzielnej Pracowni Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Słowa kluczowe: rak piersi, zachowania zdrowotne, profilaktyka Key words: brest cancer, health behaviors, prophylaxis Abstrakt Cel pracy Celem pracy była ocena wybranych zachowań zdrowotnych przed i po leczeniu wśród kobiet z nowotworem piersi. Materiał i metoda W badaniu zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z techniką ankiety. Do realizacji badań posłużył kwestionariusz Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych (IZZ) Juczyńskiego. Badaniami objęto 70 kobiet z rakiem piersi, w przedziale wieku między35 a77 rokiem życia zamieszkujących województwo lubelskie. Analizy statystyczne przeprowadzono w oparciu o program Statistica 10.0. Wyniki W oparciu o skalę IZZ przed chorobą wyniki niskie uzyskało 80% badanych, przeciętne – 11,4%, zaś wysokie – 8,6%. Po rozpoznaniu choroby wyniki niskie uzyskało 17,1%, przeciętne – 30%, a wysokie 52,9%. Wskaźnik zachowań zdrowotnych dla ogółu badanych wyniósł średnio 66,23 przed chorobą i 90,5 po rozpoznaniu. Po rozpoznaniu choroby we wszystkich kategoriach uzyskano wyższe wyniki niż przed. Wnioski Doświadczenia związane z chorobą mają istotny wpływ na wzrost ogólnego wskaźnika nasilenia zachowań zdrowotnych wśród kobiet z nowotworem piersi. Po rozpoznaniu choroby we wszystkich analizowanych kategoriach zaobserwowano wyższy poziom deklarowanych zachowań zdrowotnych. Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate selected health behaviors before and after diagnosis of the disease among women with breast cancer. Material and methods In the study the diagnostic survey method was applied in combination with the questionnaire technique. To conduct the research we used Juczyński’s inventory of health behaviours questionnaire. The survey included 77 women with breast cancer, aged from 35 to 77, living in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The statistical analyses were conducted with the use of the Statistica 10.0 software. Results On the basis of the HBI scale low results obtained 80% of the respondents before the disease, medium - 11.4%, high - 8.6%. After diagnosis, low results obtained 17.1%, medium - 30% and high - 52.9%. The average index of health behaviors for the examination group was 66.23 before the disease and 90.5 after. After diagnosis, in all categories obtained better results than before. Conclusions Experience with the disease have a significant impact on the growth rate of the overall severity of health behavior among women with breast cancer. After diagnosis in all analyzed categories was observed a higher level of declared health behaviors.

Skonieczna Joanna, Smoleńska Elwira, Makaruk Jolanta, Olejniczak Dominik. Wpływ poziomu poczucia koherencji na podejmowanie aktywności prozdrowotnych w grupie studentów warszawskich uczelni wyższych = The impact of the sense of coherence to take pro-health activities in a group of students of Warsaw universities. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(11):188-196. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.33763 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2811%29%3A188-196 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/668907 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.09.2015. Revised 25.10.2015. Accepted: 10.11.2015. Wpływ poziomu poczucia koherencji na podejmowanie aktywności prozdrowotnych w grupie studentów warszawskich uczelni wyższych The impact of the sense of coherence to take pro-health activities in a group of students of Warsaw universities Joanna Skonieczna (1), Elwira Smoleńska (2), Jolanta Makaruk (2), Dominik Olejniczak (1) 1. Zakład Zdrowia Publicznego, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Szpital Banacha (Kampus Banacha), blok F, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warszawa 2. Studenckie Koło Naukowe Zdrowia Publicznego, sekcja Promocji Zdrowia, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny Słowa kluczowe: poczucie koherencji, promocja zdrowia, student, zachowania zdrowotne. Keywords: sense of coherence, health promotion, student health behaviors. Streszczenie Wstęp: Poczucie koherencji ma udowodniony naukowo wpływ na stan zdrowia człowieka. Istotne znaczenie ma wiek, w którym jednostka zaczyna stosować się do zasad zachowań prozdrowotnych. W młodszym wieku łatwiej nabyć prozdrowotne nawyki. Cel: Ocena podejmowania wybranych zachowań prozdrowotnych, pomiar poziomu poczucia koherencji wśród warszawskich studentów i studentek oraz analiza wpływu poziomu poczucia koherencji na podejmowanie zachowań prozdrowotnych. Materiał i metody: Badanie przeprowadzono przy użyciu autorskiego kwestionariusza składającego się z 16 pytań (metryczkowych oraz dotyczących podejmowania zachowań prozdrowotnych) oraz standaryzowanego Kwestionariusza Orientacji Życiowej SOC-29. Badaniem objęto 292 osoby studiujące w m.st. Warszawie, w tym 193 (66%) kobiety. Wyniki: Przeprowadzone badanie wykazało, iż 53% kobiet w ogóle nie wykonuje badań cytologicznych, 34% kobiet nie wykonuje samobadania piersi, a 58% mężczyzn nie wykonuje samobadania jąder. 52% badanych zadeklarowało podejmowanie dodatkowej aktywności fizycznej co najmniej raz w tygodniu. Blisko 98% osób wskazało, iż myje ręce po wyjściu z toalety. Studenci najczęściej określają swój stan zdrowia jako bardzo dobry (37%) lub dobry (35%). Średnie ogólne poczucie koherencji wyniosło 125,48 pkt. Poczucie koherencji jest skorelowane z samooceną stanu zdrowia studentów, regularnym spożywaniem śniadań i podejmowaniem aktywności fizycznej. Wnioski: Poczucie koherencji można modyfikować i wpływać na jego wzrost. Wysokie SOC pozytywnie wpływa na podejmowanie niektórych zachowań prozdrowotnych. Należy podjąć działania mające na celu zwiększanie poczucia koherencji wśród młodych osób oraz badania naukowe w tym zakresie. Abstract Introduction: Sense of coherence has scientifically proven impact on human health. The age at which individual begins take pro-health activities is very important. In an earlier age it easier to acquire health-promoting habits. Aim: Evaluation of pro-health activities chosen by participants and measurement the level of coherence among Warsaw students. Material and Methods: The study was conducted by authorial questionnaire which consisted of 16 questions. Additionally there was used Life Orientation Questionnaire SOC-29. Totally in the study took part 292 students from Warsaw, including 193 (66%) women. Results: The study showed that 53% of women in general do not make Pap tests, 34% of them do not make breast self-examination and 58% of men do not perform testicular self-examination. Around 52% of respondents declared undertaking any physical activity at least once a week. Nearly 98% of participants declared that they wash their hands after using the restroom. Students frequently describe their health as very good (37%) or good (35%). Average total sense of coherence amounted to 125.48 points. Sense of coherence is correlated with self-esteem health of students, regular breakfast eating and physical activity. Conclusions: Sense of coherence can affect the growth of health. High SOC has a possitive impact on some health behaviors. Actions should be taken to increase the sense of coherence among young people therefore scientific research in this area are needed.

Bojakowska Urszula, Kalinowski Paweł. Wpływ wybranych cech społeczno–demograficznych na zachowania zdrowotne w zakresie profilaktyki raka piersi w populacji kobiet pracujących z makroregionu lubelskiego = Influence of socio-demographic changes on health behavior in the field of breast cancer prevention among women work in lubelskie macro-region. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(9):117-126. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI10.5281/zenodo.30101 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.30101 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%289%29%3A117-126 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/617060 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.07.2015. Revised 24.08.2015. Accepted: 29.08.2015. Wpływ wybranych cech społeczno–demograficznych na zachowania zdrowotne w zakresie profilaktyki raka piersi w populacji kobiet pracujących z makroregionu lubelskiego Influence of socio-demographic changes on health behavior in the field of breast cancer prevention among women work in lubelskie macro-region Urszula Bojakowska1, Paweł Kalinowski1 1Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Independent Epidemiology Unit, Medical University of Lublin Adres do korespondencji: Urszula Bojakowska, Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii, ul. Staszica 4/6, 20 – 081 Lublin, tel. (81) 742 37 69, e-mail: urszula.bojakowska@umlub.pl Słowa kluczowe: rak piersi, profilaktyka, zachowania zdrowotne. Key words: breast cancer, prophylaxis, health behaviors. Streszczenie Wprowadzenie i cel pracy Rosnąca liczba zachorowań na raka piersi oraz negatywne następstwa choroby stały się jednym z największych wyzwań w dziedzinie opieki zdrowotnej w skali całego świata. Celem pracy była analiza wpływu wybranych cech społeczno – demograficznych na zachowania zdrowotne w zakresie profilaktyki raka piersi wśród kobiet pracujących w makroregionie lubelskim. Materiał i metody. Narzędziem badawczym była ankieta własnego autorstwa, skonstruowana wyłącznie na potrzeby badania. Obejmowała ona 34 pytania z zakresu wiedzy i zachowań zdrowotnych kobiet. Badania przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego. Wyniki. Większość kobiet (70,8%) uważała, że najlepszą metodą wykrywania raka piersi jest badanie mammograficzne. Kobiety mieszkające w dużym mieście znacznie częściej uczęszczały na kontrolne wizyty lekarskie, których celem było zbadanie piersi, niż mieszkanki wsi. Kobiety z wyższym wykształceniem rzadziej deklarowały umiejętność samobadania piersi, a tylko 31,4% wykonywała badanie regularnie. Kobiety z wyższym wykształceniem (40%) rzadziej korzystają z badania USG i badania mammograficznego, a mieszkające w dużym mieście częściej niż pozostałe. Wnioski. Znaczna część badanych kobiet nie korzysta regularnie z kontrolnych wizyt lekarskich, których celem jest badanie piersi. Większość kobiet potrafi wykonać samobadanie piersi, jednak mieszkanki dużych miast przeprowadzają badanie z większą regularnością. Kobiety z badanej grupy wiedzą kiedy i jak często należy wykonywać badanie mammograficzne. Mieszkanki dużych miast częściej korzystają z badań profilaktycznych, a z wyższym wykształceniem rzadziej niż pozostałe. Summary Background and aim Growing number of breast cancer cases and negative succession of the disease have become one of the major challenge in the field of healthcare in the whole world. Aim of the work was to analyze influence of chosen socio-demographic features on knowledge and health behavior in the field of breast cancer among women work in lubelskie macro-region. Material and methods. A tool - a questionaire - was created particularly for that purpose. It contained 34 questions in the field of women's knowledge and health behavior and was conducted with diagnostic survey method. Results. Most women (70.8%) felt that the best method of detecting breast cancer is the mammogram. Women living in big cities, more frequently than those living in the countryside, attended control appiontments to examine breasts. Women with higher education less often declared their ability to breast self-examination, and only 31.4% regularly performs test. Women with higher education (40%) less use of ultrasound and mammography, and living in a big city often than others. Conclusion. A siginificant proportion of respondents do not attend regular control appointments to examine their breasts. Most women can perform breast self-examination, but living in big cities carry out a survey with more regularity. Respondents know when and how often breast check-up should be conducted. Residents of big cities often benefit from preventive examinations, and higher education less often than others.

Pietraszek Agata, Brzozowska Joanna, Charzyńska-Gula Marianna, Łuczyk Marta, Stanisławek Andrzej, Łuczyk Robert. Zapotrzebowanie na edukację z zakresu profilaktyki nowotworu jądra w grupie młodych mężczyzn - badania wstępne = The need for education on testicular cancer prevention among young men - a preliminary report. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(7):521-532. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21758 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21758 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/597083 POL-index https:/pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-4e7ded6e-f8c7-4d74-9378-5568a10e8349 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%287%29%3A521-532 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.06.2015. Revised 15.07.2015. Accepted: 25.07.2015. Zapotrzebowanie na edukację z zakresu profilaktyki nowotworu jądra w grupie młodych mężczyzn - badania wstępne The need for education on testicular cancer prevention among young men - a preliminary report Agata Pietraszek1, Joanna Brzozowska2, Marianna Charzyńska-Gula3, Marta Łuczyk1, Andrzej Stanisławek1, Robert Łuczyk4 1. Zakład Onkologii, Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Polska 2. Zakład Etyki i Filozofii Człowieka, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Katedra Nauk Humanistycznych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Polska 3. Wydział Nauk Społecznych i Humanistycznych, Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa im. prof. Stanisława Tarnowskiego w Tarnobrzegu, Polska 4. Katedra Interny z Zakładem Pielęgniarstwa Internistycznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Polska 1. Department of Oncology, Chair of Oncology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Lublin, Poland 2. Department of Ethic and Human Philosophy, Chair of Humanities, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Lublin, Poland 3. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Higher Vocational School Memorial of Prof. Stanislaw Tarnowski in Tarnobrzeg, Poland 4. Chair of internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Słowa kluczowe: nowotwory jąder, samobadanie, zachowania zdrowotne, zdrowie mężczyzny. Key words: Testicular Neoplasms, Self-Examination, Health-Behavior, Men’s Health. Adres do korespondencji: Agata Pietraszek, Katedra Onkologii I Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, ul. S. Staszica 4 (Collegium Maximum), Lublin 20-081, agata.pietraszek.umlub@gmail.com Streszczenie Wstęp. Rak jądra jest najczęściej występującym nowotworem wśród mężczyzn w wieku od 15 do 35 lat. Badania sugerują wysoki potencjał wykorzystania samobadania jąder w profilaktyce raka jąder. Niemniej jednak, wiele doniesień wskazuje na niską wiedzę oraz słabe rozpowszechnienie samobadania wśród młodych mężczyzn wielu narodowości. Cel pracy. Ocena zapotrzebowania na informacje dotyczące samobadania i chorób nowotworowych jąder w wybranej grupie młodych mężczyzn oraz znaczenia pracowników ochrony zdrowia, jako źródła tych informacji. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z techniką ankiety. Narzędziem badawczym zastosowanym w pracy był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. W badaniu wzięło udział 198 młodych mężczyzn w wieku od 17 do 29 lat Wyniki. Nawet 73,2% ankietowanych nigdy nie słyszało o samobadaniu jąder. Ponad 79,8% mężczyzn deklarowała, iż nie wykonuje samobadania. Głównym powodem nie wykonywania samobadania przez respondentów był brak wiedzy odnośnie techniki badania. Nawet 50,5% ankietowanych chciałoby wziąć udział w edukacji onkologicznej na temat samobadania jąder. Preferowaną formą edukacji onkologicznej wśród badanych mężczyzn była głownie łatwo dostępne ulotki i broszury (49,5%). Respondenci deklarowali, iż do praktykowania samobadania jąder mogłaby ich zmotywować głównie partnerka (49,2%). Wnioski. Rozpowszechnienie samobadania jąder wśród badanych mężczyzn jest bardzo niskie. Konieczne jest pilne opracowanie i wdrożenie sprawdzonych programów edukacyjnych skierowanych na profilaktykę nowotworów jąder. Summary Background. Testicular cancer is the most common type of neoplasm among men aged 15-35. The research suggests a high potential of testicular self-examination in testicular cancer prevention. However, numerous studies demonstrate a poor level of knowledge on and a low popularity of testicular self-examination among young men of various nationalities. Objectives. The assessment of the respondents' demand for information on self-examination and testicular cancer in the selected group of young men and of the role of medical professionals as an information source. Material and methods. The research was conducted with the use of the diagnostic survey method and the questionnaire technique. A questionnaire prepared by the authors constituted the research instrument for the study. The survey included 198 young men aged 17-29. Results. As many as 73.2% of the respondents had never heard of testicular self-examination. Over 79.8% of the men declared that they had not performed the self-examination. The major reason why the respondents did not practice the self-examination was the lack of knowledge on the technique. As many as 50,5% of the surveyed would like to participate in oncological education on testicular self-examination. The preferred forms of oncological education for the surveyed men were easily accessible leaflets and brochures (49.5%). The respondents claimed that they could be motivated to practice testicular self-examination by their partner (49.2%). Conclusions. Testicular self-examination was found to be rarely practiced by the surveyed men. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop and implement reliable educational programmes focussing on testicular cancer prevention.

Kozłowska Ewelina, Kowalczyk Anna, Marzec Agnieszka. Zachowania zdrowotne młodzieży licealnej w doświadczaniu choroby = Health behaviors of secondary-school youth in experiencing disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(5):243-252. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.17649 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%285%29%3A243-252 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/560180 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17649 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.04.2015. Accepted: 08.05.2015. Zachowania zdrowotne młodzieży licealnej w doświadczaniu choroby Health behaviors of secondary-school youth in experiencing disease Ewelina Kozłowska1(a,b,c,d,e), Anna Kowalczyk2(d,e), Agnieszka Marzec3(a,f) 1Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Katedrze Zdrowia Publicznego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 3Zakład Dietetyki Klinicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lubinie (a) koncepcja badań (b) zebranie materiału do badań (c) analiza statystyczna (d) opracowanie tekstu (e) opracowanie piśmiennictwa (f) merytoryczny nadzór nad ostateczną wersją artykułu Publikacja finansowana ze środków własnych autorów. Adres do korespondencji/ Adress for correspondence Mgr Ewelina Kozłowska Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ul. Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin tel. 517760214 e-mail: ewelina.kozlowska@umlub.pl Streszczenie Wprowadzenie i cel pracy: Sposób reagowania od chwili dostrzeżenia przez chorego pierwszych oznak nieprawidłowości w funkcjonowaniu swojego organizmu może istotnie wpływać na przebieg choroby i niejednokrotnie przesądzać o możliwości skutecznego powrotu do zdrowia. Celem przeprowadzonej analizy było poznanie zachowań zdrowotnych młodzieży licealnej w obliczu obserwowanych symptomów choroby. Materiał i metoda: Przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe wśród 174 uczniów II Liceum Ogólnokształcącego im. Marii Konopnickiej w Zamościu. Zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiety. Zgromadzony materiał badawczy poddano analizie statystycznej nieparametrycznym testem statystycznym χ2 Pearsona. Dla wnioskowania statystycznego przyjęto poziom istotności 0,05 Wyniki: Blisko połowa badanych (47%) zgłasza zauważone objawy po paru dniach, tygodniu lub dopiero w ostateczności, gdy stają się zbyt uciążliwe. Ankietowani zwlekają z powiadomieniem o nich z nadzieją, że same ustąpią (61%), ze względu na brak czasu rodziców i lekceważenie przez nich płynących sygnałów (19%) oraz w celu uniknięcia wizyt u lekarza (16%). Aż 72% uczniów ukrywa przed rodzicami, opiekunami lub lekarzem zauważone oznaki choroby. Wnioski: Licealiści doświadczając dolegliwości zdrowotnych związanych z rozwijającym się procesem chorobowym wykazują liczne zachowania o charakterze bionegatywnym. Istnieje potrzeba wdrożenia w szkołach działań ukierunkowanych na wzrost udziału zajęć z zakresu edukacji zdrowotnej. Kształtowanie wśród młodzieży właściwych postaw zdrowotnych, nabywanie wiedzy i umiejętności z zakresu profilaktyki chorób to najistotniejsze elementy nowoczesnej medycyny szkolnej. Słowa kluczowe: zachowania zdrowotne, objawy chorobowe, prewencja wtórna, młodzież licealna. Abstract Introduction and work aim: Reaction from the moment of noticing by the sick person of first irregularity symptoms in body function can significantly affect the course of disease and often forejudge about possible successful recovery. An aim of conducted analysis was to study the health behaviors of secondary-school youth in face of observed disease symptoms. Material and Method: Diagnostic survey was conducted amongst 174 students of the secondary school from Zamość. The diagnostic survey was an applied method with a use of author's questionnaire form. Obtained material was subjected to statistical analysis with nonparametric Pearson’s test χ2. For statistical inference the significance level of < 0.05 was adopted. Results: Nearly half of respondents (47%) reported observed symptoms after a few days, week or only as a last resort, when they become too troublesome. Respondents drag off with notifying about them in a hope that they alone will go away (61%), due to lack of parent’s time and disregard of signals (19%), as well as in order to avoid visits at the doctor (16%). As much as 72% of students hide disease symptoms before their parents, careers or the doctor. Conclusions: Secondary-school students experiencing medical problems associated with developing pathological process show numerous of behaviors about bio-negative character. There is a need to implement in schools activities aimed to increase the participation in health education classes. Development of appropriate health attitudes among young people, acquisition of knowledge and skills from prevention scope is the most important elements of modern medicine school. Keywords: health behaviors, symptoms, secondary prevention, secondary-school youth.

Abnormal lifestyle of modern societies brings very negative effects on health, the consequences are particularly dangerous during adolescence. The level of consciousness of high school students in the field of health in general is quite diverse, with the level of their health behavior often remaining unsatisfactory and in many cases even incorrect. Therefore, to understanding teenager lifestyle selected secondary schools, their views on the importance of lifestyle in the development of their own health is a vital part of the anti-health behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of high school students about healthy lifestyles and their potential benefits. The respondents filled out a questionnaire developed by the authors. The study was conducted among 200 students of both sexes s aged 16 to 20 years attending two schools in Rzeszów. The study was conducted from April 10-15 2017. Statistical analysis was performed with the Chi-square test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The majority of women in the perimenopausal phase declare experiencing unpleasant psychic and physical symptoms, which are the result of a gradual decrease in production of sex hormones. Women’s quality of life in this period depends on generalised expectancies for the future defined as dispositional optimism, and on practising pro-health lifestyle factors. Aim of the research: To evaluate the life orientation, understood as the level of women’s dispositional optimism in the perimenopausal phase, and their behavioural patterns related to pro-health lifestyle. Material and methods: The research was conducted in the group of 60 women aged 45–55 years. The obtained results were compared with the results of 55 women aged 25–35 years. In evaluation of women’s expectancies for the nearest future, the Life Orientation Test – LOT-R was used. For the purpose of evaluating pro-health behaviours, a test created by the Author was applied. The results were statistically analysed by means of the χ² test. For statistical conclusions, the significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted. Results: Perimenopausal women reveal a pessimistic attitude towards approaching future. Perimenopausal symptoms negatively affect the quality of life in the aspect of sexual functions. Perimenopausal women take insufficient prophylactic actions concerning oncological illnesses. Conclusions: Promotion of a healthy lifestyle must make women aware of the necessity of taking care of their health, giving up addictions, starting regular physical activities, and healthy eating habits. In the care of mature women, it is important that the gynaecologist cooperate with other specialists: psychologists, dieticians, and physiotherapists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of the study was the investigation of the generalized sense of self-efficacy, the intensification of health behaviors and the level of life satisfaction, as well as the analysis of the relationships between these variables in people with specific interests and knowledge related to health and its promotion. The study group consisted of 252 dietetics students. The following validated scales were used: Inventory of Health-Related Behaviors (IHRB), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). In the examined group the self-efficacy was significantly higher in relation to the Polish normative values. Similary, healthrelated behaviors were significantly higher in the examined group in comparison to the normative values. However, the level of satisfaction with life was comparable to that obtained in the Polish standardization studies. Further analysis revealed in the study group a weak but significant correlation between the generalized self-efficacy, the inventory of health-related behaviors, and the satisfaction with life. Dietetics students with high GSES scores had significantly greater life satisfaction, and therefore were more content with their current life and the educational choices they had made, which translate into the health-related behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts a systematic presentation of the problem of a the psychosocial phenomenon of conversations known as fat talk, i.e. statements, in which a person devalues their own appearance. The popularity of this phenomenon among the population of Western civilization is closely connected with the preoccupation with physicality and physical appearance, characteristic for the contemporary mass culture. The article presents main theories defining fat talk and analysing the mechanisms of its occurrence and persistence. They are rooted mainly in the assumptions of the self-perception theory, the objectification theory, and pluralistic ignorance phenomenon, in order to explain the tendency for engaging in fat talk. Also, based on the findings of current studies regarding the subject, factors predisposing to more frequent self-abasement of one's physical appearance have been listed. According to the studies, these include being female, adolescent and dissatisfied with one's appearance despite normal weight or even being underweight. Also the family system and its use of conversations focused on appearance, body weight, etc. plays an important role. The analysis of the literature indicates the existence of short-term positive results of fat talk in terms of relieving unpleasant emotional states in people involved in this type of conversation. However, long-term, severe adverse effects are also observed, including the greater risk for the development of eating, depressive or body dysmorphic disorders, not only among those actively involved in fat talk, but also others participating in such conversations, even passively. Therefore, the problem of fat talk is an important element of clinical practice and psychoprophylaxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]