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The subject of this diploma thesis is the analysis of oil-rich countries based on the case study of the Russian federation and the republic of Azerbaijan. This analysis will be based on the Resource curse theory which is fundamental for the conceptual framework of this diploma thesis. This theory describes the resource-rich states as more prone to be governed by an authoritarian regime. This relationship will be defined in the case study of Azerbaijan and Russia by comparative analysis of selected factors and state budget revenues from oil and gas. In the first chapter, the methodology and critical source analysis will be exercised together with the theoretical framework. In the second and third chapters, this paper will focus on the analysis of Azerbaijan and Russia based on factors of repression, war, corruption, and freedom of the press which is the core of this work-study. This diploma thesis is based on the presumption of superabundance on one source-focused export, mainly fossil fuels. Based on this relationship the hypothesis will be tested, which will subsequently confirm or refuse the theory of the resource curse. At the same time, the collected data will be compared with selected European countries and the United States of America which will add the required value to the research. The...

Zabýváme se matematickými modely proudění tekutin v porézních prostředích založenými na kvazilineárních parabolických parciálních diferenciálních rovnicích. Zaměřujeme se na singulární a/nebo degenerované parabolické rovnice, které jsou vhodné pro modelování turbulentní filtrace, jako je proudění podzemní vody štěrkem nebo v puklinách krystalických hornin a dále na turbulentní polytropické proudění zemního plynu horninami ve standardních ložiscích na jedné straně a izotermickou nanoporézní (pomalou) filtrací zemního plynu v břidlicových formacích na straně druhé. Jelikož v případě singulárních a/nebo degenerovaných parabolických rovnic je téměř nemožné nalézt explicitní řešení, zabýváme se teoretickými otázkami jako je existence, regularita řešení a principy maxima a srovnávací principy. Tuto teorii aplikujeme na některé vybrané příklady z praxe. We survey mathematical models of the fluid flow in porous media based on quasilinear parabolic partial differential equations. We focus on singular and/or degenerate parabolic equations, which are suitable for modeling of turbulent filtration such as groundwater flow trough gravel and/or fractured crystalline rocks and turbulent polytropic filtration of natural gas through rocks in standard deposits, on one hand, and isothermic nanoporous (slow) filtration of natural gas in shale formations, on the other hand. Since in the case of singular and/or degenerate parabolic equations, it is almost impossible to find explicit solutions, we survey some existence and regularity theory together with maximum and comparison principles. We apply this theory on some selected examples from practice.

v anglickém jazyce The bachelor's thesis deals with the construction of the Nord Stream gas pipeline, which can be described as an important part of the energy tool of the hybrid war between Russia and Ukraine. This project, which aims to connect Russia with Germany, has sparked a wide- ranging debate on energy security in Europe. We can assume that Nord Stream is not only an economic project that should reduce the cost of natural gas transit and diversify existing routes, but also a political project that may have the effect of changing the mutual position of Russia and Ukraine. Russia has used natural gas several times to pursue its political goals, and in the context of the hybrid war between Russia and Ukraine, the pipeline can bring Russia a number of benefits. The work is based on historical cases of the use of natural gas for political purposes before and after the beginning of the hybrid war between these countries. The work outlined both the aggression by Russia and the current security situation in Ukraine.

Energy security is an important and current issue that resonates especially in resource-poor countries. In these countries, it is crucial to ensure a stable energy supply in order to maintain economic stability and ensure future economic growth. Germany is a state with low energy reserves (apart from coal reserves), and therefore this work focuses on German energy security in gas sector. The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate the current level of energy security in Germany in natural gas sector and to point out future potential threats arising from the realization of Nord Stream gas pipeline. In order to meet this goal, a new analytical framework is created, which evaluates gas security in terms of both short-term and long-term energy security indicators. This framework is based on several studies, primarily on the Model of Short-term Energy Security published by International Energy Agency. The framework is further extended by other studies dealing with the long-term dimension of energy security. Second part of the thesis deals with the role of natural gas in German energy transition (so- called Energiewende). Text examines the importance of natural gas in the situation of gradual disconnection of nuclear and coal capacities and in the ongoing decarbonization of the German economy. It was found that...

The diploma thesis focuses on the influence of combustion of CNG fuel and the production of exhaust emissions at a passenger car engine. At the beginning of the thesis are presented the possibilities of using fuel in vehicles. Then there will be described the CNG fuel itself, its advantages and disadvantages and there will be comparison with petroleum-based fuels. Next will be described necessary modifications of the engines and modifications of the related systems to make combusting of CNG possible, also summarize the theoretical knowledge of the possible effects on the output ecological parameters of the engines. These theoretical knowledges were verified by measuring the actual emission parameters of the engine of a real vehicles Skoda Octavia III Diesel and G-TEC. At the end of this thesis are measured values evaluated. Evaluation confirmed, that vehicles, which uses as fuel CNG, reaches lower emission than vehicles that are using convention oil-based fuels.

Thesis abstract: Geopolitical Rivalry in Central Asia and Turkmenistan's power as a weak state Charles University, Institute of International Studies, MAS programme 2019 Emma Welsink English Abstract Research on weak states and their position in the international system has been a widely discussed topic for decades, especially in relation to the Cold War bipolar system that revolved around Russia and the United States as great powers. Yet what is lacking is a contemporary analysis that concentrates on the current multipolar system in which the importance of economic alliances and power surpass military power, and how this affects weak states' foreign policy behavior and trade opportunities. This research therefore offers an empirical analysis on great power geopolitical competition between Russia and China over Turkmenistan's economic allegiance, specifically regarding its natural gas export, and seeks to explain how this geopolitical competition has affected Turkmenistan's foreign energy policy behavior as a weak state vis-á-vis these great powers. Additionally, this research seeks to examine how Turkmenistan has even instrumentalized this competition to further its national interest of energy export diversification. More specifically, this research shows that great power competition has played a...

Suchý D., Progression of the dependence of EU states on natural gas import from the Russian Federation. Bachelor thesis. Brno. Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Business Economics. The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to compile four evaluation criteria based on collected data from the period 2006–2017 and to quantify and evaluate the progression of dependence of EU member states on natural gas imports from the Russian Federation.

This Master thesis examines the German foreign energy policy with focus on the German- Russian energy cooperation and the pipeline projects Nord Stream I and II. It seeks to analyze inconsistencies or even contradictions in the German foreign policy regarding the Nord Stream project. Both strategic and business interests on one hand and value based policy on the other are present and observable. Therefore this paper works with Jakub Eberle's concept of Germany as "dividual actor" which enables us to work with the already mentioned inconsistencies. Furthermore, this approach allows us to observe "geo-economic power" aspects in German actions (favoring strategic and mostly business interests) as well as "civilian power" aspects (value based policy) and eventually to see Germany as an actor in the international relations in its complexity. This thesis therefore aims to contribute to a broader debate about German actorness and its roles in international system. Moreover, German domestic energy policy will be analyzed in order to provide us with the basis for German foreign energy policy. The main focus of this paper is on natural gas and its importance in the German energy mix as well as on German dependence on its imports. The import routes and primarily the pipeline routes Nord Stream I and II are...

This diploma thesis "The effect of CNG fuel combustion on the technical and economic parameters of the vehicle" deals with the use of alternative fuel of compressed natural gas for road vehicles. The thesis is divided into 4 main parts. In the first part there is a literary review, which deals with the history of the use of gaseous fuels in the world and in the Czech lands, as well as the characteristics and construction part of the car modified for CNG operation. The second part is an experimental measurement of performance parameters of two Škoda Octavia Combi III vehicles with a CNG, diesel and petrol engine at dynamometer testing laboratory, which is also described in this chapter. In the third part the results of experimental measurement are processed and commented and both vehicles are compared from the technical and economical point of view. As is evident from the measurement results, in a vehicle that is already equipped with CNG system from manufacturer combustion CNG does not have a negative effect on the engine's performance parameters and even more constant engine operation can be observed. Vehicles with CNG system are also more economical and ecological than vehicles combusting conventional fuels. The last part of this thesis is devoted to a discussion, where the measured results are compared with the results in an expert article dealing with the same topic.

Gazdíková, Š. Liquidation of old ecological loads after crude oil and natural gas extraction in Hodonín area. Diploma thesis. Brno, 2019. This diploma thesis focuses on the issue of old ecological loads after crude oil and natural gas extraction in Hodonín area. Selected municipality Lužice and its cadastral territory are examined in terms of natural conditions. Currently discussed ecological loads in this area are analysed. Questionnaire survey shows residents attitude towards these ecological loads. Questionnaire survey also aims to suggest recommendation to increase awareness of this issue. Opening theoretical part analyses the issue, explains fundamental terms, focuses on current situation of old ecological loads in Czech republic and their liquidation, deals with legislation related to this topic as well.

This paper is dealing with the issue of EU's dependence on the natural gas supply from Russia. The main focus is on different aspects of energy security as stocks capacity, diversification of sources or stability of supplies. But the primary focus remains the supplies dependence. Taking in consideration big differences between EU states and between natural gas supplies dependence on Russia this paper took three different points of view from three different groups of states. Which means that the natural gas's business relationship between EU and Russia is viewed from the point of view of states that have free access to supplies of natural gas from another sources or do not import natural gas from Russia at all and also from the point of view of states that rely on Russian supplies for 100 % of their yearly domestic consumption. Those different perspectives are then put into context with energy security of the whole EU. Last but not least this paper is focused on alternative ways of natural gas supply and on the way how could EU actually improve its energy security in this matter.

This bachelor thesis is focused on integrated rescue system, on it´s components and preparedness of this components to avert danger of dangerous chemical substances, specifically is this thesis focused on ammonia, chlorine, natural gas and benzine. Object of this thesis is find out whether the selected components of the integrated rescue system are able to adequately respond to the hazards resulting from the leakage of these substances. One of the partial objectives is the assessment of the preparedness and assessment of the material resources, because of these reasons, was used a questionnaire, which was filled in by the members of the Czech Republic integrated rescue system. The results of the questionnaire survey are displayed with using descriptive statistics. Results which were interesting are shown graphically. This work can be used as a source of information, as a learning tool or it can be used for compare changes in the preparedness of selected subjects after few years. Some kind of technical unprepardeness of police department and medical rescue service. The fire department was well prepared, not only because of the current material resources, but also because of constant modernization of their technology. The knowledge of all components is good enough to carry out its tasks, but there were also have been notised some mistakes in discipline of hazardous substances, which means possible health threats for rescuers. The work also includes possible solutions, for example creation of lectures, for members of the integrated rescue system which would be led by university teachers.

The bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the economic situation of the Russian Federation in 2008-2015 and it´s future outlooks. The man aim of the thesis is to monitor the development of macroeconomic data in the period 2008-2015, to analyze their impact on different parts of the economy, to identify the reasons and causes of their changes as well as their future development. The first chapter deals with the analysis and assessment of macroeconomic indicators in 2008-2014. The second chapter focuses on the structure of the Russian economy and thoroughly breakdown the two major commodities, namely oil and natural gas. The third chapter describes the main economic shocks affecting the Russian economy in 2014 and their subsequent empact on the country. The aim of the last chapter is to outline the future development of Russia and it´s economy through mid-term and long-term scenarios.

Due to the shortage of oil and the current environmental pollution problems, there is a growing need for alternative energy sources. Compressed or liquefied natural gas is shown as a prospective fuel. For LNG, consumption of 100 million Nm3/year is predicted by 2030. This work aims to prepare a pre-feasibility study for the production of LNG in the Czech Republic, which would be able to cover this predicted demand. The economic concept of the chemistry-engineering approach provides comprehensive information about the topic. The results show that the planned plant will unfortunately not be profitable, as compared to the current LNG price imported to European seaports, the price of the produced product in the factory considered would be roughly twice as high.

This thesis analysis the importance of natural gas in international trade and defines the world gas market. It describes the situation in international trade in natural gas transported through pipelines and tankers in a liquid state. The aim of this thesis is to explore the gas sector in Russia, to determine what are the characteristics of production and which export routes and turnover size it has, and then compare this data with existing world distributors. A part of the thesis is an analysis of the current situation in Russia's energy exports and prerequisite of how it will develop in the future, if today is very complicated to deal with European countries in terms of sanctions and the situation in Ukraine. The main contribution consists of an analysis of both external and internal of Russia's natural gas trade.

This diploma thesis dedicates to production of shale gas in USA and China, impacts related to it and future potential of shale gas. The main objective of the thesis is to analyse and explore in detail current situation with this commodity in selected countries. In the first theoretical-methodological part, the thesis is focused on essential characteristics and information about natural and shale gas. In the next chapters is situated detailed breakdown of resources, production and impact on various sectors of economy and environment in USA and China. Final chapter is dedicated to potential development of shale gas in selected countries. In the theoretical-methodological part is primarily used descriptive method, mainly based on literature sources. In the next chapters is also used analysis, comparative method, analogy and synthesis, which are mainly consist of internet resources.

The subject of this thesis is the influence of natural gas pipelines crossing Turkish republic on European energy security. The influence of Turkish republic on the energy security is deduced from the characteristics of these pipelines. An index has been derived, reflecting the impact of a pipeline construction on energy security of a selected area and enabling us to compare plans of pipeline network expansion while taking into account six criteria. The main sources for the theoretical part are scholarly articles on various aspects of energy security and statistical data of international organisations for the application part.

This thesis analysis the importance of oil and natural gas in the exports of Norway and in its economy as a whole. It defines the oil market, the natural gas market and the current energy situation in the European Union. It deals with the oil and gas drilling on the Norwegian territory, the organization and legislative background of these activities, the energy consumption in Norway, country's exports of both commodities and it also mentions the Norwegian trade balance. A part of the thesis is an analysis of the development of the global energy market with the focus on consumption and prices of both oil and natural gas. Furthermore, ecological restrictions and the energy efficiency is discussed. On the basis of these arguments are made assumptions regarding the future of the Norwegian economy.

Diploma thesis deals with factors influencing sales volume in energy industry. The main objective of the thesis is to identify factors influencing sales volume across the whole energy industry. The partial objective of the thesis is to define factors influencing sales volume of the company ČEZ and assess the impact of the financial crisis related to energy industry in Czech Republic. The regression model showed dependency of sales from industrial activity on GDP, export of goods and services, unemployment rate and temperature. Additionally, dependency of sales ČEZ company on installed capacity, sale of heat and amount of workers was proved. It is suggested to develop science and research in energy industry.

The goal of this master thesis is to analyse the potential of LNG for the Central European region with the emphasis on the strategic role of LNG imports in strengthening the energy security of the region and its possible role in replacing the traditional fuels in the transport sector of the Visegrad Group countries. The increasing availability of LNG, together with the predictions of its rapidly growing global supply in the following years, offers a window of opportunity for the Central European states. Particularly when it comes to their energy security, as the growing access to LNG supplies translates into a growing competition for the existing pipeline supplies from Russia. Furthermore, the thesis also focuses on the potential of LNG as an alternative fuel in the inland waterway and heavy duty road transportation of the Visegrad Group countries and the steps that these countries take to integrate LNG fuel in their transport sector.

The May issue of Global Economic Outlook presents the regular monthly overview of recent and expected developments in selected territories, focusing on key economic variables: inflation, GDP growth, leading indicators, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. In this issue, we focus on the question of whether the oil market is approaching equilibrium. We consider in more detail, among other things, the behaviour of OPEC and US shale oil producers observed over the last three years. We also attempt to identify the causes of occasional sharp swings in oil prices.

The April issue of Global Economic Outlook presents the regular monthly overview of recent and expected developments in selected territories, focusing on key economic variables: inflation, GDP growth, leading indicators, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. In this issue, we also discuss the risks to global economic growth in the medium term. Global growth is currently being threatened above all by non - economic factors (environmental risks, large - scale migration, terrorism). Economic risks may continue to hinder world growth, but they no longer dominate the global risks in the way they did immediately after the global crisis broke out.

The diploma thesis analyzes energy security of the Russian federation. The thesis provides an overview of the Russian energy sector and looks into its central problems. The Russia-China gas deal and its importance for the Russia energy sector is being examined in this thesis. The main objective of the thesis is to define whether this deal can be considered a solution to the main problems of the Russian energetics, especially its dependence on the European market. This thesis also aims to evaluate the Sino-Russian military, financial and diplomatic cooperation in order to find out whether the relation between Russia and China can be described as a strategic partnership.

This bachelor thesis deals with analysis of export and import of the Russian Federation between 2005-2015. The primary objective is to analyze the factors affecting the foreign trade of Russia and to evaluate their consequences. The analysis shows the low diversification of Russian export, the dependence of foreign trade on exports of crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas. Furthermore, the dependence on oil prices, world and domestic GDP is identified. During the study of dependence, the statistical methods are used, which are correlation and regression analysis. The theoretical part devoted to basic concepts, description of importance and functions of foreign trade, theories of external economic relations. In the second chapter a comprehensive analysis of commodity and territorial structure of foreign trade is carried out. The importance of foreign trade for balance of payments, GDP creation and foreign exchange relations is determined. The third chapter is more focused on revelation of trends influencing both exports and imports. The final fourth chapter focuses on the empirical analysis of the export and import of the Russian Federation.

European union does not dispose of balanced energy reserves to cover the ever-increasing energy consumption in Europe and so is highly dependent on energy imports from abroad. The most important energy supplier to the EU is Russia, which mainly imports oil and natural gas, but the EUs high dependence on Russia is threatening the EUs energy security. On the contrary, Russia is heavily dependent on European energy markets. Bachelor thesis aims to analyze development of the energy policy situation and its dependence on EU-Russia relations, to measure interdependence of EU-Russia and to outline the possibilities of diversification of business relations and distribution channels between these actors and related impacts on the economy. The EU should concentrate on uniting the individual states in the matter of energy relations with Russia, that would ensure a better negotiation position.

This thesis deals with the energy balance of grain drying. The theoretical part includes information about types of drying equipment and grain transportation devices. Then I handled with a grain dryer from "Bühler", its construction and power consumption during grain drying.

The bachelor thesis provides a comprehensive overview of CNG topic. Theoretical part is focused on natural gas formation, structure and it´s transport. The operation of the CNG vehicles, tax benefits, garages, services and filling stations requirements are included at the part focused on legislation. Besides car market analysis and infrastructure development there is also a comparison of CNG cars available on Czech car market included. For the best-selling models the differences in construction are mentioned. One of the chapters is focused on possibilities of drives rebuilding. Knowledge obtained during test drives are the most valuable part of the bachelor thesis.

This bachelor thesis deals with the relation between commodity indexes and se-lected commodities. This thesis is focused on the factors, which affect the price of commodities and the composition of commodity indexes. The part of the thesis is aimed at the monitoring the correlation between commodity indexes S&P GSCI, Dow Jones UBS Commodity index and selected commodities, which are the Brent oil, natural gas, gold, coffee and sugar. The final part is devoted to the forms of investment in commodities and analysis of the profitability and the risk, which can be helpful for possible investors.

This thesis studies the impact of shale gas on commodity and stock markets in the U.S. by employing wavelet approach and conducting a time-frequency analysis of dynamic correlations between natural gas and important representatives of commodity markets: crude oil, coal, corn, wheat, and several indices. It covers the period from 2006 to 2015 and is performed on daily data. Our thesis enlarges existing literature on comovement between natural gas with other energy commodities and stocks using wavelet coherence - a methodology which allows analyzing comovement among assets not only from a time series perspective but also over different frequencies. Financialization of natural gas and its involvement in investment portfolios under changing conditions on the U.S. gas market provide space for examination of gas proper correlation estimates in respect to other financial assets. Our results reveal natural gas comovement behaviour with examined commodities during the Financial Crisis. They show gradual decoupling between gas and crude oil prices in time. To the best of our knowledge we are the first to address natural gas using wavelet coherence in connection to agricultural commodities corn and wheat. These commodities together with natural gas are primary sources for bioethanol production being used in...

The diploma thesis deals with the energy security of China, mainly with the question considering energy mix, consumption, infrastructure network and diversification of importers in natural gas field. The analysis of research question is done mainly from the data of international energy organizations, from the Chinese government data and other sources, which enable to describe mentioned problems. From the People's Republic of China perspective, it focuses on the detailed description of gas pipeline infrastructure, importers and subjects, which are involved in energy sector. Risks and threats, which should occur from signed partnerships or projects, were taken into consideration too. The aim of this work is to define and evaluate the energy security of PRC, its energy policy mainly in natural gas field when considering present situation as well as possibilities for the future. Than the diploma thesis outlines the role of natural gas in Chinese energy mix, state of the gas sector in China and evaluation of projects, which take place in China's gas sector or will occur in the future.

The thesis is concerned with multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives of modernization of compressor station for natural gas. This thesis is divided into practical part and theoretical part. The theoretical part will introduce historical development of the gas industry and the current state of the gas network in our country. The following describes a method for operating a compressor station, its technology units and existing operational processes. The theoretical part is a chapter that describes methods of multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives and a way of specifying the methods suitable for constructing weights of the criteria. The fifth chapter contains an application example, the aim of which is to choose the suitable way of modernization of the compressor station that would meet the requirements of planned projects. Creating recommendations for the management of the company fulfilled the goal of this thesis.

This diploma thesis deals with the history and the development of the gas industry in Czechoslovakia, namely the construction of the transit gas pipeline and development of the gas transit system. One of the part of this thesis is a history of the coal gas and the reasons for its gradual replacement by a natural gas. The metodology of this thesis is based mainly on interviews based on the method of oral history, on archival records, and contemporary literature. Primarily it is focused on oral history fieldwork, particularly on the personal experiences of narrators who were direct participants in the construction. This work is also focused on the circumstances of the negotiations of the construction of a transit gas pipeline and further expansion of the transit system from the seventies to the nineties of the 20th century. Keywords Transit pipeline, natural gas, gas industry, economy, energetics, coal gas, normalization

The primary objective of the thesis is to analyse gas relations between the two neighbours - Russian Federation with abundant energy resources and energy-hungry People's Republic of China. First negotiations about possible gas supply from eastern Russia to China were already carried out in the middle of 1990s. However throughout the years parties were not able to agree on various conflicting issues which included an origin of supply, a delivery route, and a price formula. Therefore the final agreement between Russian Gazprom and Chinese National Petroleum Corporation was only signed almost twenty years later - in May 2014. According to the contract Gazprom will pipe natural gas from Russia's Far East to China throughout the yet-to-be-built Power of Siberia pipeline. The deal was estimated to be of $400 billion worth and it also prompted much commentary on possible Russian intent to turn East in connection with worsening relations with Western countries. The aim of this thesis is to analyse gas talks in given timeframe and to demonstrate that the agreement is a result of long-term negotiations based on maximisation of benefits rather than hasty decision based on current political situation. The thesis focuses on timeline of gas talks as well as on the conflicting issues.

The bachelor thesis deals with the relationship of the price of thermal coal and chosen variables on the European market. It describes principles of business with coal on both local and international basis and summarizes pricing of thermal coal. It examines the connection of the price of thermal coal with the price of its closest substitutes. Using regression analysis it determines variables that have the biggest impact on the price. It is shown, that in the long run, the price of thermal coal follows the pattern of its substitutes, energy commodities. With an increase of natural gas price by one dollar, the price of thermal coal increases by 0,275 dollars. An increase of crude oil price by one dollar increases the price of coal by 0,155 dollars. The most significant impact on the price has variable representing the transport costs required to transport coal. With an increase of one dollar of transport costs, the price of thermal coal on European market increases by 1,279 dollars.

The thesis deals with the current trends and development of the unconventional oil and natural gas production. The main aim is to evaluate and analyze the global development of unconventional production and the influence of its growth in the last decade on the global economy and the given markets. In addition, not only the pros, but also the risks and limitations of unconventional production, are examined, e.g. economic and environmental issues. The final part focuses on the United States and the local shale boom. Based on the analysis of American unconventional production, the future of these sources is predicted. At the end of the thesis the effects of shale boom on the U.S. economy are explored as well, focusing mainly on the U.S. trade balance.

The bachelor thesis focuses on the evaluation of Energy Relations between the European Union and Russian gas company Gazprom. The main objective is to examine common interests of the parties and causes of their conflicts. The first chapter is dedicated to the historical development of Gazprom and evaluation of its position on domestic and European markets. The chapter also provides information on the main pipelines connecting Europe and Russia, as well as on the european underground gas storage facilities utilized by Gazprom. The second chapter focuses on the legal and institutional aspects of relations between the EU and Russia and their approaches to the energy policy. With regard to the gathered information, the third chapter is devoted to the contradictions in relations between the EU and the Russian company, including lawsuits filed by the European energy companies against Gazprom and an antitrust investigation initiated by the European Commission in 2012.

World effort to reduce climate changes drives demand for more environmen- tally friendly alternative fuels, since transport emits quarter of total green- house gas emissions. For many years biofuels were main mean for achieving more green transport. Nevertheless, there are rising concerns that some of biofuels have negative environmental and social impacts sometimes worse than fossil fuels. This work links European Union's biofuels development with expansion of natural gas caused by exploitation from shale formations. We examine relationship between biodiesel, natural gas and relevant com- modities by using the price transmission framework. Results indicate weak slowly increasing negative price relation between biodiesel and natural gas. Our work finds favourable legislation for future application of natural gas vehicles. Nonetheless, we conclude that the expansion will not be driven by exploitation of shale gas at European Union territory. 1

The goal of this thesis is to explain the current dynamical development of the energy policy of the EU with the focus on the gas sector. Furthermore, this work examines what role in that process plays the European Commission. Lastly, it seeks to ascertain whether the EU's energy policy has a real impact on the development of the gas markets of Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Lithuania. The first two questions are answered with the aid of John W. Kingdon's Multiple stream theory. The conclusion has it that the key role in the creation of the EU's energy policy was taken up by the European Commission, which can be described as the Kingdon's policy entrepreneur. As a true entrepreneur the Commission attempted to build the way for the creation of the single EU gas market, which would be based on sufficient cross-border infrastructure and diversified gas imports. Such a conclusion is supported by the Commission's activities leading to the adoption of important energy legislation, as the third energy package, and essential funds as were European Energy Programme for Recovery and the Connecting Europe Facility. Latter, this work looks into the third research question. On the case studies of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Lithuania it proves, that the outputs of the entrepreneur activities of the Commission...

The capacity of natural gas which is imported from Russia has a major part in the European energy mix. The over-dependency on Russian supplies invokes fears from potential dangerous geopolitical influence of Russia on states of the European Union (EU). The objective of this work is, by the method of critical recherché, to analyze principal geopolitical aspects than geoeconomical aspects of the Russian energy policy in stance to the EU and even to states in the region of Caspian Sea on the examples of the chosen European and Russian pipeline projects. The attention is also devoted on outer actors in the form of energetic companies, which enter in to Russian-European energy chess field. In the end of this work the possible diversification bases and the guess of the future development of energy policy is being discussed.

The bachelor thesis examines the impact of the oil and gas prices slump, which befell the world in 2014, on the economy of Qatar. The main objective of the thesis is to evaluate if and to what extend the price collapse influenced the relevant economic indicators and behaviour of the state and companies active in the affected field. The selected objective is examined using the method of data comparison, namely before and after the price slump, and with the help of the case study, in which the qatari company operating in the oil and gas is examined. From the conducted analysis it is possible to conclude that Qatar was directly influenced by the oil and gas prices collapse: its GDP slumped, fiscal deficit increased. The analysed company also experienced troubles caused by low prices: one year after the price slump, total amount of assigned tenders to company decreased substantially and historically high number of tenders was cancelled. Conclusions deriving from the thesis might be applied to other oil and gas export economies in the Persian Gulf, for fundamental traits of such economies are shared with the economy of Qatar.

Use of compressed natural gas (CNG) as an alternative transportation fuel is currently being supported in European Union and Czech Republic as well. Upgraded Biogas (or biomethane) with its chemical characteristics is to be considered as a renewable substitute of CNG so it can be used for the same purposes. Biogas is produced in biogas stations. Current legislation terminates the support of producers of electricity and heat from renewable sources, including biogas stations. The absence of governmental support will endanger their existence. Producing of biomethane and using it in transportation is an alternative option for the owners of biogas stations. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to conduct an economic analysis of biomethane producing costs. On the basis of the results obtained, we will be able to say whether producing od biomethane is reasonable in Czech Republic. Then we will try to establish whether the use of biomethane in transportation is possible according to Czech legislative terms or what possible legislative amendments should be implemented.