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4 results on '"zoonoosis"'

1. Comparison of serological and molecular tests to investigate Leishmania spp. infections in stray dogs from an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Brazil

Author

Anna Maria da Cruz Ferreira Evaristo, Andreina de Carvalho Araujo, Andréa Pereira da Costa, Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva Sales, José Alexandre Menezes da Silva, Filipe Dantas-Torres, and Mauricio Claudio Horta

Subjects
Leishmaniasis, Canis familiaris, zoonoosis, diagnosis, epidemiology, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the level of exposure to Leishmania infection in stray dogs in an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples from 178 dogs were analyzed using serological and molecular assays: rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (cPCR and qPCR). Positivity values obtained with serological tests were 71.4% (127/178), 70.2% (125/178), and 50.6% (90/178) using ICT, ELISA, and IFAT, respectively, with 38.8% (69/178) of the dogs were simultaneously positive for all three tests. The positivity values obtained with cPCR and qPCR were 20.2% (36/178) and 38.8% (69/178), respectively, with 11.8% (21/178) testing positive in both molecular assays. Overall, 87.1% (155/178) were positive for anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies and/or Leishmania spp. DNA. Positivity to one or more tests was statistically associated with lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions, lymphocytosis, anemia and hyperproteinemia. The results of this study revealed a high level of exposure to Leishmania in stray dogs in an area of intense human visceral leishmaniasis transmission, suggesting that dogs play a role as reservoirs in the transmission cycle of this zoonosis.

Published
2021
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2. Community Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Tuberculosis among Household Heads in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author

Yusuf - Isleged, Mohamed and Yusuf - Isleged, Mohamed

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that reappears after they have been on a significant decline occurring worldwide and a source of multi-billion- dollar loss and human fatality yearly. The situation is worse in developing countries like Somalia, where lower knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the people is impending. A cross sectional survey was conducted between January 2022 and June 2022 to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices towards tuberculosis among 171 household heads in Wadajir district Mogadishu, Somalia. A structured questionnaire was designed, pretested and self-administered to household heads. Human TB was recognized by 157(91.8 %) of household heads, while only 34(19.9%) had heard of animal TB. In the present study, 121(70.8%) of household heads had not considered bovine Tb as zoonosis. Majorities of respondents indicated that they have acquired the awareness about TB from Family/neighbors that accounts for about 80(46.8%), and only 38(22.2%) of them got information from radio/TV. Knowledge on the infectious cause of human and animal TB was known by 4.7%. However, misperceptions such as weather and toxins were also implicated as causes of human TB. In the present study, a significant proportion (48.5%) of the study population used to consume raw milk that was studied as the sources of infection to TB. Herein, the majority of household heads have indicated inhalation (57.3%) and contacts (23.4%) as means of transmission of human tuberculosis and only (15.7%) of respondents mentioned consuming raw animal products. In conclusion, as the bovine tuberculosis is less aware as well as misperception about cause, ways of transmission and prevention towards human tuberculosis on household heads. Thus, it is highly necessary to convey public health education to assemble public awareness about the transmission, etiology, predisposing factors of infection and its prevention and control in the study area.

Published
2022

3. Comparison of serological and molecular tests to investigate Leishmania spp. infections in stray dogs from an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Brazil

Author

Evaristo, Anna Maria da Cruz Ferreira, Araujo, Andreina de Carvalho, da Costa, Andréa Pereira, Sales, Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva, da Silva, José Alexandre Menezes, Dantas-Torres, Filipe, and Horta, Mauricio Claudio

Subjects
diagnosis, parasitic diseases, Leishmaniose, epidemiology, Canis familiaris, zoonoosis, epidemiologia, Leishmaniasis, zoonoose, diagnóstico
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of exposure to Leishmania infection in stray dogs in an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples from 178 dogs were analyzed using serological and molecular assays: rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (cPCR and qPCR). Positivity values obtained with serological tests were 71.4% (127/178), 70.2% (125/178), and 50.6% (90/178) using ICT, ELISA, and IFAT, respectively, with 38.8% (69/178) of the dogs were simultaneously positive for all three tests. The positivity values obtained with cPCR and qPCR were 20.2% (36/178) and 38.8% (69/178), respectively, with 11.8% (21/178) testing positive in both molecular assays. Overall, 87.1% (155/178) were positive for anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies and/or Leishmania spp. DNA. Positivity to one or more tests was statistically associated with lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions, lymphocytosis, anemia and hyperproteinemia. The results of this study revealed a high level of exposure to Leishmania in stray dogs in an area of intense human visceral leishmaniasis transmission, suggesting that dogs play a role as reservoirs in the transmission cycle of this zoonosis. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o nível de exposição à infecção por Leishmania em cães errantes de uma área de transmissão intensa de leishmaniose visceral no estado de Pernambuco. Amostras de sangue de 178 cães foram avaliadas por testes sorológicos e moleculares: teste imunocromatográfico (IC), ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), teste de imunofluorescência de anticorpos (RIFI), reação em cadeia da polimerase convencional e quantitativa (cPCR e qPCR). Os valores de positividade obtidos com os testes sorológicos foram 71,4% (127/178), 70,2% (125/178) e 50,6% (90/178) com IC, ELISA e RIFI, respectivamente. E com 38,8% (69/178) dos cães mostraram-se simultaneamente positivos aos três testes. Os valores de positividade obtidos por cPCR e qPCR foram 20,2% (36/178) e 38,8% (69/178), respectivamente. E com 11,8% (21/178) dos cães foram positivos em ambos os testes moleculares. No geral, 87,1% (155/178) foram positivos para anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. e/ou material genético de Leishmania spp. A positividade a um ou mais testes foi estatisticamente associada à linfonodomegalia, lesões cutâneas, linfocitose, anemia e hiperproteinemia. Os resultados do estudo revelam um alto nível de exposição à Leishmania spp. em cães errantes em uma área de transmissão intensa de leishmaniose visceral humana, sugerindo que eles podem desempenhar um papel como reservatórios no ciclo de transmissão dessa zoonose.

Published
2021

4. Comparison of serological and molecular tests to investigate Leishmania spp. infections in stray dogs from an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Brazil

Author

José Alexandre Menezes da Silva, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Andreina de Carvalho Araujo, Mauricio Claudio Horta, Andréa Pereira da Costa, Anna Maria da Cruz Ferreira Evaristo, and Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva Sales

Subjects
Lymphocytosis, diagnosis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, zoonoosis, SF1-1100, Serology, Dogs, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Dog Diseases, Leishmania infantum, Leishmaniasis, Leishmania, General Veterinary, biology, Zoonosis, Canis familiaris, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Animal culture, Visceral leishmaniasis, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, biology.protein, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Parasitology, epidemiology, medicine.symptom, Antibody, Brazil
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of exposure to Leishmania infection in stray dogs in an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples from 178 dogs were analyzed using serological and molecular assays: rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (cPCR and qPCR). Positivity values obtained with serological tests were 71.4% (127/178), 70.2% (125/178), and 50.6% (90/178) using ICT, ELISA, and IFAT, respectively, with 38.8% (69/178) of the dogs were simultaneously positive for all three tests. The positivity values obtained with cPCR and qPCR were 20.2% (36/178) and 38.8% (69/178), respectively, with 11.8% (21/178) testing positive in both molecular assays. Overall, 87.1% (155/178) were positive for anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies and/or Leishmania spp. DNA. Positivity to one or more tests was statistically associated with lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions, lymphocytosis, anemia and hyperproteinemia. The results of this study revealed a high level of exposure to Leishmania in stray dogs in an area of intense human visceral leishmaniasis transmission, suggesting that dogs play a role as reservoirs in the transmission cycle of this zoonosis.

Published
2021

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