Paper-based photoelectrochemical immunosensing based on CdS QD sensitized multidimensional porous ZnO spheres promoted by carbon nanotubes.

An ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay was introduced into microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μ-PADs) based on a multiple electron transfer system for the first time, which was constructed using narrow-band-gap semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs), wide-band-gap semiconductor NPs, and an electron-accepting medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]