Structure of Perceptions of Service Quality in Libraries: A LibQUAL+(tm) Study.

The 25-item LibQUAL+TM protocol has been developed over a series of large-scale studies originally grounded in careful qualitative work. This study for the first time invoked confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate LibQUAL+TM score integrity. Participants were 60,027 undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty from 146 colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The results suggest that the model implied by LibQUAL+TM scoring (a) is reasonable, (b) is invariant across independent samples, and (c) fits all 3 major subgroups of library users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]