Anterior Segment Surgeries and Dry Eye; Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach.

Parallel to the frequent application of anterior segment surgical techniques, the frequency of dry eye disease is increasing. Dry eye is a multifactorial condition that affects the surface of the eye and induces an inflammatory response. Corneal nerves play an important role in the maintenance of a healthy ocular surface. Intact corneal innervation is mandatory for normal blinking and tearing reflexes. Damage to this neural circuit interrupts the normal regulation of lacrimal gland secretion and causes dry eye disease. Anterior segment surgeries damage corneal innervation. Even after a successful cataract or refractive surgery, the occurrence of dry eye leads to discomfort and several complications. Because of these problems, we have to know the risk factors and the triggering mechanisms of dry eye disease, to take precautions during and after the surgery, and to choose the appropriate surgical technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]