Native Spirits, Shaker Visions.

The article examines the 19th century practice among the religious group the United Society of Believers, popularly known as the Shakers, of communicating with dead Native Americans, particularly during the period the Era of Manifestations. The article also discusses the significance of the movement the Second Great Awakening in attracting attention to Shaker practices and promoting séance spiritualism in the wider U.S. culture after 1848. It also discusses the significance of Shaker leader Ann Lee and Shaker interest in the Native American removal policies of the U.S. government.