The challenge of interpreting primate diets: mangabey foraging on Blighia unijugata fruit in relation to changing nutrient content.

Primates often make foraging selections that are not apparent. For example, they may eagerly consume a particular plant part and species in some instances, but reject it at other times. Blighia unijugata (Baker) fruit is one of the most frequently eaten foods of mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) in Lwamunda Forest Reserve, Uganda; however, its use varies strikingly depending on the fruit's developmental stage. We conducted feeding observations to investigate the nutritional criteria that mangabeys may have used for the consumption of specific fruit parts by conducting analysis of fruit parts eaten and rejected at different developmental stages. When seeds had low condensed tannins, mangabeys ate them, but seeds were rejected when tannin levels increased. In the first five stages of fruit development, tannin levels in arils declined and the frequency of consumption of the aril increased. Although fat content in seeds increased with maturity, it did not appear to influence seed consumption, but fat content was related to frequency of consumption of the aril. Considering that primates are often making food selections among many species/part combinations, our results illustrate the value of using nutritional analyses to understand foraging decisions. Furthermore, they demonstrate how very specific trade-offs between consumption of critical nutrients and antifeedants can drive which foods and parts are eaten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]