Public-Private Partnerships in Canada: Reflections on twenty years of practice.

Across Canada, governments of all level have increasingly embraced public-private partnerships (PPPs) as their preferred approach to deliver large-scale public infrastructure. After twenty years of practice, this paper examines the evolving rationales, governance structures and partnership models that have been used to deliver PPPs in Canada. In particular, the analysis highlights common deal structures, types of risks and responsibilities that are transferred to the private sector, and the significant role that public funding continues to have. Outstanding issues facing Canadian PPPs relate to their high upfront costs, limitations placed on meaningful community consultations, and a procurement process that can inhibit design or architectural excellence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]