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Environmental friendly method for urban wastewater monitoring of micropollutants defined in the Directive 2013/39/EU and Decision 2015/495/EU.
- Source :
-
Journal of Chromatography A . Oct2015, Vol. 1418, p140-149. 10p. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- The fate and removal of organic micropollutants in the environment is a demanding issue evidenced by the recent European policy. This work presents an analytical method for the trace quantification of 37 micropollutants including Priority Substances (Directive 2013/39/EU), substances of the recent watch list (Decision 2015/495/EU) and contaminants of emerging concern: pesticides, multi-class pharmaceuticals and a metabolite, estrogens and one industrial compound. The analytical method was based on solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS), using eco-friendly solvents (ethanol and ultrapure water) both in the SPE and UHPLC, according to green analytical chemistry principles. Briefly, Oasis ® HLB cartridges were used to preconcentrate 100 mL of water samples and the reconstituted extracts were analyzed with a Kinetex™ column under reversed mode, the linear ranges extended to 200 ng L −1 ( R 2 > 0.99) for all the analytes. The method detection limits were between 0.04 and 2.26 ng L −1 and the method quantification limits were between 0.13 and 6.85 ng L −1 . The identity of the compounds was confirmed using two MS/MS transitions and its ion ratios, according to Decision 2002/657/EC. The validated method was applied to wastewater treatment plant samples, assessing the concentration of micropollutants after secondary biological and tertiary UV treatments. Lab-scale photolysis and ozonation experiments were also performed with the secondary effluents, with ozonation showing the best performance for the removal of most of the determined micropollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00219673
- Volume :
- 1418
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Journal of Chromatography A
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 110254298
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.057