Antioxidant capacities and anthocyanin characteristics of the black–red wild berries obtained in Northeast China.

Various edible berries widely accessible in nature in Northeast China are poorly exploited. The compositions and contents of anthocyanins in black ( Padus maackii , Padus avium , Lonicera caerulea , and Ribes nigrum ) and red ( Ribes rubrum , Sambucus williamsii , Rubus idaeus , and Ribes procumbens ) wild berries in Northeast China were firstly characterized by HPLC–DAD/ESI-MS 2 . Twenty-three anthocyanins were detected and identified. Cyanidin glycosides were dominant in both berries. Six anthocyanins were reported for the first time in P . avium , R . rubrum , and Sambucus . Total anthocyanin content (TAC) ranged from 10 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) ( R . procumbens ) to 1058 mg/100 g FW ( P . maackii ) among berries. The TACs and antioxidant activities assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays were much higher in black than in red berries. Black–red berries, especially P . maackii and P . avium , can be used in developing functional foods and in improving breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]